两颗心变成一颗心

上周,我在电视上看了一档对老年夫妻的访谈节目。访谈中,主持人对在座的3对老人提了3个问题。 第一个问题是：什么是爱？ 老人们的回答出人意料的干脆明了：“爱情,就是两颖心变成一颗心!”     

冠心病危险因子在女性冠心病心力衰竭中的研究

目的 探讨冠心病危险因子在女性冠心病患者发生心力衰竭中的影响。方法 选取328例冠心病患者,其中男196例（男性冠心病组）,女132例（女性冠心病组）,对两组患者各种冠心病危险因子包括年龄、高血压、糖尿病、血脂、血浆纤维蛋白原及血尿酸水平等进行比较;对所有患者随访1～3年,观察两组患者心力衰竭发生率,并对女性冠心病组发生心力衰竭者与未发生心力衰竭者的血尿酸水平进行比较。结果 女性冠心病组三酰甘油、血浆纤维蛋白原及血尿酸水平显著高于男性冠心病组(P＜0.05)。随访l～3年,女性冠心病组心力衰竭发生率显著高于男性冠心病组[27.27％(36/132)比16.84％( 33/196)],女性冠心病组发生心力衰竭者血尿酸水平为(368.85±78.60)μmol/L,未发生心力衰竭者血尿酸水平为(336.63±69.65)μmol/L,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 冠心病危险因子是女性冠心病患者心力衰竭的重要推动因素,而血尿酸是其发生心力衰竭的独立危险因素,可通过对血尿酸等进行早期监测并采取干预措施,减缓疾病的发展。     

冠心病患者窦性心率震荡及心率变异性的变化

目的 对冠心病患者窦性心率震荡（HRT）及心率变异性（HRV）指标进行分析,评价冠心病、冠脉病变与HRT、HRV的关系,以及两种指标的相关性.方法 选择经冠状动脉造影证实的冠心病患者103例（A组）,其中稳定性心绞痛（SAP）患者35例（A1组）、不稳定性心绞痛（UAP）患者28例（A2组）、急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者40例（A3组）与有室性期前收缩但无器质性心脏病患者30例为健康对照组（B组）,行常规24 h动态心电图检查,测定HRT指标（震荡起始TO及震荡斜率TS）及HRV各时域指标（SDNN、PNN50、HF）.结果 （1）A组各亚组TO值明显高于B组（-4.17±2.75、-3.16±3.18、-0.96±2.92;-6.30±3.47）,TS值明显低于B组（6.81±3.18、5.12±3.31、3.20±1.71;9.52±3.85）（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）;A组各亚组HRV各时域指标（SDNN、PNN50、HF）值均明显低于B组（P＜0.05）;（2）在A1组中,TO与冠脉评分呈正相关;TS、SDNN、PNN50、HF与冠脉评分呈负相关,其中与TS相关性最强（r=0.45）;（3）TO与SDNN、PNN50、HF均呈负相关;TS与SDNN、PNN50、HF均呈正相关,其中与HF的相关性相对较强（r=0.47）.结论 （1）冠心病患者HRT现象变钝（TO值升高,TS值降低）,HRV各时域指标降低;（2）在预测冠脉病变严重程度上,HRT参数特别是TS相对HRV指标能更敏感地反映冠脉严重程度;（3）HRT与HRV参数间有相关性,其中TS与HF相关性较强.     

Selection of congestive heart failure patients for heart transplant

Heart failure is one of the most common causes of hospitalization in adult patients. With the recent technological advances and the use of new medications for controlling rejection, heart transplant has been established as a definite therapeutic measure for properly selected patients with advanced congestive heart failure. As there is an active transplant program in the Cardiovascular Center of Puerto Rico and the Caribbean, this review is intended to acquaint the practicing physician with the required work up and management of patients referred for cardiac transplant. Emphasis is given to indications, clinical and psychosocial evaluation, optimization of medical therapy and to the absolute and relative contraindications.     

浅低温心脏不停跳瓣膜置换手术的生化学研究

目的通过监测分析浅低温体外循环心脏不停跳心内直视手术时,心肌组织中氧自由基和能量代谢情况以及血清中心肌酶学变化探讨更有效的心肌保护方法。方法风湿性心脏瓣膜病患者30例,随机分两组,每组15例。组Ⅰ:中度低温心脏停跳组,组Ⅱ:浅低温心脏不停跳组。各组于转机前、主动脉阻断钳开放即刻及开放后30min(不停跳组取相应时间)取少量右心耳全层心肌置液氮中保留,备测定丙二醛(MDA)、ATP和CP;另于术前、术后8h、16h、24h、48h取静脉血查心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnI)、CK及CK-MB。结果浅低温心脏不停跳组中各项指标均优于心脏停跳组。结论浅低温心脏不停跳手术由于明显地减轻了低温和缺血-再灌注损伤给心肌带来的损害,具有明确的心肌保护作用。     

运动性心肌肥大心脏毛细血管超微结构的变化

目的探讨运动性心肌肥大时，心脏毛细血管的变化，揭示运动性心肌肥大的病理改变。方法雄性SD大鼠18只，对照组不训练；有氧训练组每天训练75min；过度训练组大鼠尾部负重(体重的5％)，每天训练180min。每周5d，共12周。取材后电镜观察。结果有氧训练后，大鼠心脏的毛细血管发生管腔扩大、管壁增厚、内皮细胞线粒啼数目增加、内皮细胞生长活跃等适应性变化。过度训练组大鼠出现心肌毛细血管不规则，壁管皱褶和内壁的指状突起较多；内皮细胞线粒体明显肿胀、嵴结构紊乱；胞质内含的吞饮小泡数目增加、体积较大；细胞核不规则，密度不均匀，核膜皱褶明显；基底膜明显增厚且模糊不清等病理性变化。结论运动训练可使心脏的毛细血管发生适应性改变和病理性损害，运动强度适合时以适应性变化为主，强度过大则以病理性改变明显。     

Role of heart transplantation in pediatric heart surgery. The first successful pediatric heart transplantation in Hungary

7-year-old boy, who underwent aortic valve replacement two years previously, suffered from idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Because of poor condition (NYHA-IV), heart transplantation was performed on 18th October 2007. It was the first pediatric heart transplantation in Hungary. It was an uneventful early postoperative period, 6 months after the operation he is doing well, no biopsy-proven and tissue Doppler echocardiography (TDI-derived velocities measurement) rejection was detected. The immunosuppression was based on triple-drug therapy (tacrolimus+mycophenolate mofetil+corticosteroid) with use of induction therapy with interleukin-2 receptor blocker (basiliximab).     

心脏跳动下小儿心脏手术的临床经验

目的总结浅低温体外循环心脏跳动下施行小儿心脏手术的经验.方法在浅低温体外循环心脏跳动下完成小儿心脏手术88例,总结气栓防止、术野显露及体外循环相关的经验. 结果 88例手术顺利,术野显露达到要求,无气栓发生,1例手术死亡. 结论浅低温体外循环心脏跳动下心脏手术的方法具有实用价值,但对手术操作和体外循环提出了新的要求.     

Diastolic heart failure

Diastolic heart failure is predominantly a disease of the elderly: at the age of 70 years, almost half of all patients with heart failure have diastolic heart failure. Hypertension and obesity are common underlying disorders in patients with diastolic heart failure. Patients with diastolic heart failure have an equal, or only slightly better, prognosis in terms of mortality compared to patients with systolic heart failure. Echocardiography can distinguish diastolic heart failure from systolic heart failure. Patients with heart failure and a normal ejection fraction almost certainly have a diastolic dysfunction. There is a lack of reliable data about the optimal medicinal treatment strategy for patients with diastolic heart failure. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, beta-blockers, and (non-dihydropyridine) calcium antagonists have therapeutic potential. Digoxin may be contraindicated.     

Diastolic heart failure

The rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the heart supply the body with the appropriate amount of blood. If the pump function deteriorates, heart failure occurs. After a symptom-free period of varying length, the clinical case of decompensatio cardiaca develops. The pathophysiological basis of the disease is abnormal systolic and/or diastolic function. The pathophysiology and therapy of systolic heart failure is well-known, however, the consequence of impaired diastolic function has not been fully revealed. Both cardiogenic shock and pulmonary edema can be caused by acute left heart failure. The main difference between the two disorders is that while cardiogenic shock is caused by systolic dysfunction, pulmonary edema is the consequence of impaired diastolic function. The importance of diastolic dysfunction is highlighted by the fact that the disorder can be caused by the most frequent diseases (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, myocardiac infarction). Consequently, in case of risk factors, it is very important to consider the possibility of diastolic dysfunction and be aware of the diagnostic and therapeutic options.