去甲斑蝥素N-乳糖酰壳聚糖纳米粒的制备及其特性研究

目的 合成N-乳糖酰壳聚糖作为肝靶向载体,制备去甲斑蝥素纳米粒。方法 通过碳二亚胺缩合法制备N-乳糖酰壳聚糖,并以之为载体,采用离子诱导法制备去甲斑蝥素N-乳糖酰壳聚糖纳米粒。以粒径分布、包封率、载药量为综合指标,正交试验设计优化载药纳米粒的制备工艺,并考察其体外释放特性。结果 合成的N-乳糖酰壳聚糖的取代度为8.92%。优化工艺制备的N-乳糖酰壳聚糖载药纳米外观圆整,平均粒径(118.7±8.84) nm,包封率(57.92±0.40)%,载药量(10.38±0.06)%,其体外释药遵循Higuchi方程。结论 半乳糖修饰壳聚糖载药纳米粒具有良好的缓释特性。     

重组人血管内皮抑素壳聚糖纳米粒的制备及体外评价

采用离子凝胶法制备重组人血管内皮抑素(商品名:Endostar)壳聚糖纳米粒,并对纳米粒的载药量、包封率、粒径、形态、体外释放、体外活性及Endostar结构的完整性进行考察。制得的Endostar壳聚糖纳米粒载药量为(10.5±1.1)%,包封率为(81.3±1.8)%;平均粒径为137 nm,为球形结构;体外释放10 d累积释放达到80%。凝胶电泳实验说明Endostar结构完整,制备与释放过程结构均未被破坏;人脐静脉内皮细胞增殖实验说明Endostar纳米粒仍保留原有的生物活性。结果表明壳聚糖作Endostar的载体,制得的纳米粒具有合适的粒径及包封率,并能达到缓释作用,不会破坏Endostar的结构,同时保留原有的生物活性。     

O-羧甲基乳糖酰化壳聚糖-聚乳酸阿霉素纳米粒的制备及其物理化学性质的测定

目的制备具有肝靶向性的O-羧甲基乳糖酰化壳聚糖-聚乳酸阿霉素纳米粒,并对纳米粒药物含量、包封率和粒径大小进行检测。方法制备出O-羧甲基乳糖酰化壳聚糖-聚乳酸阿霉素纳米粒,并通过紫外分光光度计测定纳米粒的载药量以及包封率,激光粒度分析仪及电镜测量粒径大小。结果电镜及激光粒度分析仪检测证实纳米粒大小均匀,粒径(197±32)nm,载药量为(44.79±4.27)μg/mg,包封率(67.34±3.32)%。结论该实验制备的纳米粒其粒径小,载药量及包封率高。     

聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物载肝细胞生长因子纳米粒的构建及生物学活性评价

目的探究制备聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物（PLGA）纳米粒的优化条件,构建肝细胞生长因子（HGF）纳米粒,评价其包封率、 载药量、回收率、释放度和生物学活性。方法采用复乳溶剂挥发法制备牛血清白蛋白（BSA）PLGA纳米粒,通过正交试验设计, 以粒径较小,包封率、载药量和回收率较高为考察指标,优化纳米粒的制备条件;选取优化条件制备HGF纳米粒,分别采用BCA 试剂盒和HGF-ELISA试剂盒检测BSA纳米粒和HGF纳米粒的包封率、载药量和释放度,通过CCK8增殖实验评价HGF纳米粒 的生物活性。结果优化条件下制备的HGF 纳米粒大小均匀,粒径234.4±4.8 nm,包封率（77.75±3.04）%,回收率（49.33± 9.34）%,体外释放度曲线表现为先突释,后缓释;HGF纳米粒可以促进角质形成细胞的增殖。结论复乳溶剂挥发法-优化条件 下制备的HGF纳米粒具有较高包封率,良好的缓释效果和生物学活性。     

壳聚糖纳米粒作为基因载体的研究:制备,特征和对DNA的保护

目的:制备载基因壳聚糖纳米粒,研究纳米粒药剂学特征以及对DNA的保护作用.方法:复凝聚法制备纳米粒,对纳米粒的形态、粒径及分布、Zeta电位、包封率、载药量和处方影响因素进行了考察,凝胶阻滞法分析壳聚糖和pDNA的聚合方式,pDNA保护性试验考察壳聚糖纳米粒抵抗核酸酶的能力.结果:制备的pDNA/壳聚糖纳米粒为结构较紧密的不规则球形,平均粒径为(240.4±13.2)nm,多分散指数为(0.173±0.05),Zeta电位为(18.4±0.6)mV,包封率为(95.2±1.9)%,载药量为(30.7±0.8)%.凝胶阻滞分析结果表明,纳米粒荷正电,pDNA与壳聚糖之间通过静电作用而完全结合.纳米粒的粒径、Zeta电位受处方中的壳聚糖相对分子质量、N/P(壳聚糖中伯胺基数目/pDNA中磷酸基数目)比、pDNA浓度、Na2SO4浓度和pH值等因素影响.pDNA保护性试验表明,壳聚糖纳米粒对pDNA有保护作用.结论:壳聚糖可以有效凝聚pDNA,采用复凝聚法可制得200～500 nm范围荷正电的纳米粒,有较高的包封率和载药量,可有效保护pDNA免受核酸酶降解.壳聚糖作为黏膜给药的非病毒基因载体具有应用价值.     

包载替莫唑胺和索拉非尼PLGA纳米粒的制备及评价

目的 制备替莫唑胺和索拉非尼PLGA纳米粒,并对其粒径、形貌、稳定性及体外释放进行考察,探讨其是否可用于抗脑胶质瘤的体内体外研究。方法 纳米沉淀法制备替莫唑胺索拉和索拉非尼PLGA纳米粒,测定粒径、电位、形貌、包封率和载药量以及稳定性。结果 所得纳米粒的平均粒径为(106.71±0.21)nm、多分散系数为(0.24±0.05),电位(-27.30±1.20)mV,纳米粒呈规则的球状均匀分布,大小均一,表面光滑;PLGA纳米粒中替莫唑胺的包封率及载药量分别为(75.89±3.12)%、(3.61±0.78)%;索拉非尼的包封率及载药率分别为(48.61±1.20)%、(1.50±0.98)%。结论 采用纳米沉淀法制备的PLGA纳米粒,呈球形形貌、粒径分布均匀、有良好的稳定性,可用于抗脑胶质瘤的体内体外研究。     

脑源性神经营养因子缓释注射纳米粒的制备及其释药特性评价

目的:制备稳定性高、粒径小的脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)缓释注射纳米粒,并评价其释药过程.方法:采用乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)为载体材料,复乳化溶剂挥干法制备载有BDNF的PLGA纳米粒.优化纳米粒处方和制备工艺,观察纳米粒的形态、大小和粒径分布,评价其回收率、精密度、重复性、包封率以及体外释药特性.结果:优选处方选择理论载药量1%、聚合物浓度3.3 mg/ml、超声时间为40 s,甘露醇为支架剂.BDNF纳米粒呈圆形,大小均匀,平均粒径为156.7 nm.制备的纳米粒回收率、精密度、重复性和包封率较高,缓慢溶蚀释放为其主释药过程,时间达30 d.结论:成功制备的BDNF缓释注射纳米粒具有稳定性好、包封率高的特点.     

眼用氟尿嘧啶的制备及体外评价

目的:应用滴入分散法制备眼用氟尿嘧啶一壳聚糖纳米粒(5一Fu-CS-NP),并对其体外释放进行考察.方法:将壳聚糖、聚丙烯酸与氟尿嘧啶通过滴入分散法形成聚电解质络合物制备5-Fu-CS-NP.考察纳米粒粒径、包封率、载药量以及体外释药特性.结果和结论:5一Fu-CS-NP平均粒径为(144.6士3.1)nm,包封率为84.5%,载药量为3.91%.5-Fu-CS-NP有较好的缓释作用,能在3～7 d内持续释放药物.在pH值7.2～7.4的生理范围内释放速率变化不大.     

黄芩素PLGA纳米粒的体外评价及细胞相容性研究

[目的]制备黄芩素聚(乳酸-羟基乙酸)共聚物(PLGA)纳米粒,并对其理化性质、体外释药以及体外角膜细胞相容性进行研究。[方法]使用乳化溶剂挥发法制备黄芩素PLGA纳米粒,评价其性质和体外缓释效果,主要包括:纳米粒粒径,纳米粒包封率,药物载药量和体外缓释曲线等。采用细胞增殖实验评价黄芩素PLGA纳米粒的细胞毒性。[结果]黄芩素PLGA纳米粒粒径(92.5±2.35)nm、Zeta电位(-21.1±2.5)mV、包封率(92.5±2.35)%、载药量(23.12±1.45)%。体外缓释实验提示:突释阶段黄芩素释放率在1 d内达(8.37±0.31)%,缓释阶段纳米粒可稳定释放,在10 d时释放达(51.30±0.50)%,细胞增殖实验提示黄芩素PLGA纳米粒对细胞体外生长无不良影响,细胞相容性好。[结论]采用乳化溶剂挥发法制备的黄芩素PLGA纳米粒具有良好的缓释效应和良好的细胞相容性。     

组织因子小干扰RNA壳聚糖纳米粒的制备及其特征

目的 探讨壳聚糖-组织因子小干扰RNA(TFsiRNA)纳米粒制备方法并研究其特性.方法 采用三聚磷酸钠(TPP)离子胶凝法分别制备包封型和吸附型壳聚糖-TPP-TFsiRNA纳米粒.检测纳米粒平均粒径和Zeta电位、载药率,并分析血清稳定性、体外生物活性及其细胞毒性.结果 两种纳米粒粒径均小于550 nm,粒径大小主要取决于壳聚糖类型、分子量及其浓度.酸碱度、壳聚糖TPP质量比也影响粒径大小.包封型纳米粒siRNA载药率为100%.壳聚糖-TPP-TFsiRNA纳米粒中的siRNA在5%血清中孵育24 h开始降解,60 h完全降解;50%血清孵育6 h保持完整,48 h完全降解.结论 壳聚糖纳米粒可能成为有效的siRNA转运载体.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.