Malignant and borderline phyllodes tumors of the breast: a multicenter study of 362 patients (KROG 16-08)

Purpose

To identify risk factors for local recurrence (LR) and investigate roles of adjuvant local therapy for malignant and borderline phyllodes tumors of the breast.

Methods

From 1981 to 2014, 362 patients with malignant (n?=?235) and borderline (n?=?127) phyllodes tumors were treated by breast-conserving surgery (BCS) or total mastectomy (TM) at 10 centers. Thirty-one patients received adjuvant radiation therapy (RT), and those who received adjuvant chemotherapy were excluded from the study.

Results

Median follow-up was 5 years. LR developed in 60 (16.6%) patients. Regional recurrence occurred in 2 (0.6%) patients and distant metastasis (DM) developed in 19 (5.2%) patients. Patients receiving BCS (p?=?0.025) and those not undergoing adjuvant RT (p?=?0.041) showed higher LR rates. For malignant subtypes, local control (LC) rates at 5 years for BCS alone, BCS with adjuvant RT, TM alone, and TM with adjuvant RT were 80.7, 93.3, 92.4, and 100%, respectively (p?=?0.033). Multivariate analyses revealed BCS alone, tumor?size ≥?5 cm, and positive margins as independent risk factors for LR. Margin-positive BCS alone showed poorest LC regardless of tumor size (62.5%, p?=?0.007). For margin-negative BCS alone, 5-year LC rates for tumors?≥?5 cm versus those?<?5 cm were 71.8% versus 89.5% (p?=?0.012). For borderline subtypes, only positive margins (p?=?0.044) independently increased the risk of LR. DM developed exclusively in malignant subtypes and a prior LR event increased the risk of DM by sixfold (HR 6.2, 95% CI 1.6–16.1, p?=?0.001).

Conclusions

Malignant and borderline phyllodes tumors with positive margins after surgery have high LR rates. After treatment by margin-negative BCS alone, patients with large malignant phyllodes tumors?≥?5 cm also have heightened risk of LR. Thus, such patients should be considered for additional local therapy.

     

Comparison of Clinical Characteristics Between Benign Borderline and Malignant Phyllodes Tumors of the Breast

Background: Phyllodes tumors of the breast are rare fibroepithelial lesions, so relatively little is known aboutthis disease entity. The present study was designed to identify differences in clinical features between benignborderline and malignant phyllodes tumors. Materials and Methods: Data from 246 women with phyllodestumors of the breast treated in Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between 2002 and 2012were collected and analyzed, including age at presentation, age at treatment, course, size of primary tumor,location, histological type, type of surgery and treatment, local recurrence, distant metastasis, fibroadenomahistory, disease-free survival and number of mitosis per 10hpf. There are 125 (55%) benign, 55 (24%) borderlineand 47 (21%) malignant tumors. Results: In univariate analysis, average age at presentation, average age attreatment, size of primary tumor, ulceration or not, type of primary surgery, distant metastasis and number ofmitosis per 10 hpf turned out to be statistically different among the three PT types (p=0.014, 0.018, <0.000, 0.003,<0.000, 0.001 and <0.000, respectively), while recurrence and disease-free survival (DFS) demonstrated trendsfor statistical significance (P =0.055 and 0.060, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed distant metastasisand excision were significantly different in benign, borderline and malignant phyllodes tumors of the breast(p=0.041 and 0.018, OR=0.061 and 0.051). At the same time, size of primary tumor with p=0.052 tended to bedifferent between groups (OR=1.127). However, age at treatment, ulceration and DFS showed no statisticallysignificant variation (p=0.400, 0.286 and 0.413, respectively). Conclusions: Benign borderline and malignantphyllode tumors have different distant metastasis risk, different primary tumor size and different surgicalprocedures, and malignant PTs are more likely to be bigger and to metastasize.     

乳腺复发性叶状肿瘤临床病理分析

目的:探讨乳腺复发性叶状肿瘤临床及病理特征。方法:收集2011年01月至2019年12月在我院进行手术治疗的叶状肿瘤病例,并找出其中复发的病例,分析复发病例的临床及病理组织学特征。结果:叶状肿瘤137例,共有10例为复发病例,其中9例为单次复发,1例复发两次,复发病例中良性叶状肿瘤7例,交界性叶状肿瘤2例,恶性叶状肿瘤1例。所有的肿物均为局部复发,良性、交界及恶性叶状肿瘤复发率分别为5.9%、15.4%、20%。其中3例（30%）出现组织学升级,1例良性叶状肿瘤复发为交界性叶状肿瘤,1例交界性叶状肿瘤复发为恶性叶状肿瘤,1例良性叶状肿瘤第一次复发为交界性叶状肿瘤,第二次复发为恶性叶状肿瘤。免疫组化标记CD117、CD34、CD10、p53、p16在原发及复发肿瘤中表达无差异。Ki67增殖指数在复发病例中均升高,并且核分裂数也增多。结论:良性、交界性、恶性叶状肿瘤均可复发,其中恶性叶状肿瘤复发率最高,肿瘤多为局部复发,部分肿瘤复发后出现组织学升级,复发后肿瘤细胞增殖活性增强。     

Phyllodes tumors of the breast diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas

BACKGROUND: This article compares experiences in the diagnosis and treatment of phyllodes tumors from 2 regional institutions with the relevant literature. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 1991 to 2005, 2,848 breast cancer patients were treated in our institutions, 36 (1.44%) for phyllodes tumors. The average tumor size was 5.1 cm (range 1.4-19.6). Triple assessment was the standard diagnostic algorithm. Wide excision with tumor-free margins was carried out in 29 (80.5%) cases and mastectomy in 7 (19.4%) cases. Axillary lymphadenectomy was performed in patients with positive lymph nodes. RESULTS: Histology showed the phyllodes tumors to be benign in 27 (75.0%), malignant in 6 (16.6%), and borderline in 3 (8.3%) cases. Follow-up was from 5 months to 16 years. In this period, recurrences of 3 (8.3%) malignant and 2 (5.6%) benign phyllodes tumors were diagnosed and treated. 10 (27.7%) patients treated with wide local excision showed deformities in the form of scarring. The steroid receptor status was of no prognostic value in our patients, and chemotherapy was used in only 1 (2.7%) patient. 5-year survival was 86.2%. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that tumor size, margin infiltration, mitotic activity and degree of cellular atypia are important prognostic factors. Problems in diagnosing this condition arise from its similarity to fibroadenoma. Although wide local excision is usually the treatment of choice, tumor recurrence is common. Axillary lymphadenectomy in malignant phyllodes tumors is, in our opinion, still controversial.     

The extent of surgery and prognosis of patients with phyllodes tumor of the breast

In an attempt to clarify the controversial issues related to prognosis and therapeutic aspects of phyllodes tumors (PT), we retrospectively reviewed all cases of PT treated in our hospital during the last fifteen years. Re-examining the pathology material we found 84 cases, while thirteen more cases which had been initially classified as fibroadenomas with areas of phyllodes tumor were rejected from the analysis because they were classified as fibroadenomas. Based on the criteria proposed by Azzopardi and Salvadori and adopted by WHO, we found 55 benign PT (65.14%), 14 borderline PT (16.6%), and 15 malignant PT (17.8%). The median age of the patients with benign PT was 34 years, compared to 46.5 years for those with borderline tumors and 52 years for those with malignant. The median size of benign tumors was 3 cm, 9.5 cm for borderline, and 7.25 cm for malignant. Out of 55 patients with benign PTs, 37 underwent wide local excision and the remaining 18, with small tumors, underwent enucleation. In this group of patients, there was no recurrence after a median interval of 6.65 years. Eleven patients with borderline PT underwent wide local excision and three mastectomy; one immediately after an incomplete PT excision and the remaining two 8 months and 2 years later due to a locally recurrent PT (the last one proven histologically in the permanent biopsy of the recurrence to be malignant). Twelve patients with malignant PT underwent mastectomy, either during the same operation or following the results of the permanent section biopsy. Three more patients with malignant PT underwent wide local excision. The size of the tumor in these patients was relatively small and the pathology report indicated clear margins with normal breast tissue surrounding the tumor. One patient with 8 cm diameter malignant PT, who underwent mastectomy, passed away sixteen months later from widely spread metastases. Applying the criteria of Azzopardi and Salvadori, each case of PT can be managed successfully avoiding unnecessary mastectomies.     

Chromosomal aberrations and genetic relations in benign, borderline and malignant phyllodes tumors of the breast: a comparative genomic hybridization study

Phyllodes tumors are not quite rare fibroepithelial neoplasms of the breast that show a broad spectrum of clinical behaviour. The molecular genetic features of the heterogenous groups of neoplasms have not been studied in detail yet. We have used comparative genomic hybridization to analyze chromosomal copy number changes in 36 cases of phyllodes tumors (including benign, borderline and malignant phyllodes tumors, 12 cases each). The average number of chromosome copy changes (range) in benign, borderline and malignant phyllodes tumors were 5.58 (0–20), 14.08 (3–23), and 12.42 (0–29) respectively. In benign phyllodes tumors the number of gains and losses was in balance (2.50 vs 3.08), while in borderline and malignant phyllodes tumors gains occurred more often than losses (9.25 vs 4.83, 9.5 vs 2.92). The result suggests the molecular cytogenetics of borderline and malignant phyllodes tumors is similar, and the most striking difference with benign phyllodes tumors is an increased number of chromosomal gains in a nonrandom distribution. Gains of 4q12 seem especially to be involved in the progression of benign to borderline and malignant phyllodes tumors, possibly because of overexpression of oncogenes at these loci.     

Phyllodes tumor of the breast: stromal overgrowth and histological classification are useful prognosis-predictive factors for local recurrence in patients with a positive surgical margin

BACKGROUND: The local recurrence rate of phyllodes tumors is high and ensuring a sufficient surgical margin is considered important for local control. However, the preoperative diagnosis rate of phyllodes tumors is low and we often encounter cases in which a sufficient surgical margin is not achieved, since in routine medical practice the lesion may not be diagnosed as phyllodes tumor until postoperative biopsy of a mammary mass. Furthermore, there are no established therapeutic guidelines for surgical stump-positive phyllodes tumors. We reviewed the outcomes of excision of phyllodes tumors to investigate factors involved in local recurrence and to determine the indication for re-excision in stump-positive cases. METHODS: The subjects were 45 patients treated for phyllodes tumors at our institution from January 1980 to July 2005. Age, tumor size, surgical method, stromal cellular atypia, mitotic activity, stromal overgrowth, histological classification and surgical stump status were analyzed. RESULTS: Median age was 45 years old (range 28-75) and tumor size was 1-17 cm (median 3.5 cm). Pathologic diagnoses were benign, borderline and malignant in 31, five and nine cases, respectively, and the surgical stump was negative in 27 lesions and positive in 15. Median follow-up was 101 months (range 1-273), with local recurrence in six cases and distant metastasis in one. The local recurrence-free rate was 88, 88 and 84% and the disease-free rate was 85, 85 and 81% after 5, 10 and 15 years, respectively. Overall 10-year survival was 97%. In univariate analysis, a positive surgical margin, stromal overgrowth and histological classification were predictive factors for local recurrence after breast-conservation surgery (P = 0.0034, 0.0003, 0.026). A positive surgical stump was the only independent predictor of local recurrence in multivariate analysis (RR 0.086; 95% CI 0.01-0.743, P = 0.012). Stromal overgrowth was a predictive factor for local recurrence in cases with a positive surgical margin (P = 0.0139). CONCLUSION: Wide excision is the preferred therapy for phyllodes tumor and preoperative diagnosis is important for good local control. Re-excision is recommended in cases with a positive surgical margin and stromal overgrowth and malignancy.     

The clinical features and prognosis of phyllodes tumors: a single institution experience in Taiwan

Background and objectives

The aim of this study was to document the clinical and pathological features of a single institutional series of Asian patients with phyllodes tumors, and to determine the prognosis, the adequate management and the predictive histological features.

Methods

The clinical data were retrospectively studied from the medical records and the pathological data from the Department of Pathology were utilized to identify 33 patients diagnosed with phyllodes tumors between 2003 and 2010.

Results

Eight patients had benign tumors, 13 borderline and 12 malignant. Nine patients (27 %) had recurrence. No patients classified as benign phyllodes tumors had recurrence, but those with malignant phyllodes tumors had a high recurrence rate (41 %). The 5-year disease-free survival was 59 %. The 5-year overall survival was 81 %. The width of surgical margin was not related to disease recurrence and stromal overgrowth was the only prognostic factor in terms of disease-free survival and overall survival.

Conclusions

The phyllodes tumors of borderline and malignant classification in Asian patients had a high recurrence rate. Clinical and pathological factors, except for stromal overgrowth, cannot predict disease recurrence. Further molecular research is warranted.     

乳腺叶状肿瘤17例诊疗分析

目的:探讨乳腺叶状肿瘤的治疗原则和影响预后因素。方法:对经手术和病理诊断确诊的17例乳腺叶状肿瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:17例患者中良性叶状肿瘤9例,交界性叶状肿瘤5例,恶性3例。行局部肿块切除7例,单纯乳房切除术6例,改良根治术3例,姑息性肿块切除术1例。其中随访13例,平均随访时间21(5~84)个月,1例行乳腺癌改良根治术后2.5年死于远处转移,2例行局部肿块切除术后复发。结论:乳腺叶状肿瘤的预后与手术方式有关,良性和交界性应首选扩大区段切除术,切除肿瘤边缘不少于2cm;复发的交界性和恶性应尽早行单纯乳房切除术。     

Increased epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression in malignant mammary phyllodes tumors

Mammary phyllodes tumors are uncommon stromal-epithelial neoplasms, and are divided into benign, borderline malignant and frankly malignant groups on the basis of their histological features. Accumulating evidence shows that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of many malignancies. This study investigated 453 phyllodes tumors (296 benign, 98 borderline, 59 malignant) for EGFR expression using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for gene amplification. The staining was correlated to tumor margin status, degree of malignancy, stromal cellularity, mitotic activity, nuclear pleomorphism and stromal overgrowth. Cases with strong positive IHC staining were selected for FISH. The overall positive rate for EGFR was 16.2% (48/296), 30.6% (30/98) and 56% (33/59) for benign, borderline malignant and frankly malignant phyllodes tumors, respectively. FISH demonstrated egfr gene amplification in 8% of immunohistochemically positive cases. The results of this study provide strong evidence that EGFR overexpression is involved in the pathogenesis of phyllodes tumors, although gene amplification may not be the major underlying mechanism for overexpression.     

Prognostic Evaluation of Proliferative Activity and DNA Content in the Phyllodes Tumor of the Breast: Immunohistochemical and Flow Cytometric Study of 118 Cases

The goal of this study was the prognostic evaluation of histology, mitotic rate, S-phase fraction (SPF) and expression of proliferative antigen Ki67 and p53 protein in phyllodes tumor of the breast. The study was performed in the group of 118 patients with phyllodes tumor treated by surgery from 1952 to 1998. Mitotic rate was assessed on the representative histological specimens. Expressions of Ki67 and p53 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry on a section from the corresponding paraffin blocks which were also used for flow cytometric DNA evaluation. Histologically, 52 tumors were benign (LGM), 24 borderline malignancies (BM) while among 42 malignant tumors, 20 were monomorphous (HGM) and the remaining 22 revealed heterologic elements (HGH). Tumor recurrencies occurred in 17 patients, predominantly during the first three years after surgery, and 13 patients died of the tumor (1 BM, 12 both malignant variants). Multivariate analysis demonstrated mitotic rate, SPF and p53 expression as independent prognostic parameters for the disease-free survival. Histological tumor type and expression of Ki67 influenced independently the overall survival. In conclusion, the histological type of tumor phyllodes forms the basis for the prognosis of clinical outcome, but the indicators of the proliferative activity, especially Ki67 index, are valuable prognostic factors among patients with malignant variant of phyllodes tumor of the breast. Expression of the p53 protein in tumor cells could be also useful when the percentage of cells and intensity of expression are considered.     

Histologic features predict local recurrence after breast conserving therapy of phyllodes tumors

Background: Pathologists can distinguish benign phyllodes tumors, which very rarely metastasize, from malignant phyllodes tumors, which metastasize in approximately one fourth of patients. However, whether these same histologic criteria can be used to predict the likelihood that a phyllodes tumor will locally recur after breast conserving therapy remains controversial.Study Design: Since few patients with malignant phyllodes tumors have been treated with breast conserving surgery in any individual series, the literature was reviewed using a Medline search.Results: After local excision, 21 (111/540), 46 (18/39), and 65 (26/40) of patients with benign, borderline, and malignant phyllodes tumors, respectively, recurred in the breast. Following wide local excision, 8 (17/212), 29 (20/68), and 36 (16/45) of patients with benign, borderline, and malignant phyllodes tumors recurred in the breast.Conclusions: Malignant phyllodes tumors are much more likely than benign phyllodes tumors to recur in the breast after breast conserving surgery. This high rate of local recurrence of borderline and malignant phyllodes tumors suggests that wide local excision is less than optimal therapy, and challenges us to look for methods to improve local tumor control.     

乳腺叶状肿瘤复发的治疗及预后分析

目的 探讨乳腺叶状肿瘤复发的治疗方法以及预后.方法 回顾分析1972年3月至2006年6月收治的26例乳腺叶状肿瘤复发患者的临床资料.结果 26例患者的中位生存时间为96个月.原发肿瘤≥5 cm者10例,其中6例出现局部复发,4例死亡;<5 cm者16例,其中5例出现局部复发,3例死亡.复发肿瘤≥5 cm者14例,其中5例出现局部复发,3例死亡;<5 cm者12例,其中6例出现局部复发,4例死亡.原发肿瘤和复发肿瘤的大小对肿瘤再次复发(P=0.094,P=0.383)和预后(P=0.142,P=0.486)影响不显著.良性肿瘤组12例患者中,3例出现局部复发,2例死亡;恶性肿瘤组14例患者中,8例小现局部复发,5例死亡.乳腺叶状肿瘤的良恶性与肿瘤再次复发(P=0.046)和预后(P=0.028)存存相关性.结论 乳腺叶状肿瘤的恶性程度对肿瘤再次局部复发和患者预后有显著影响,而肿瘤大小与再次局部复发和预后无关.乳腺叶状肿瘤复发后的补救手术十分重要,手术必须保证一定的安全范围;多次局部复发患者的于术治疗效果较好.     

乳腺叶状肿瘤的X线表现

目的探讨乳腺叶状肿瘤X线影像学特点,并与其病理对照,以提高对该病的诊断准确率。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实有完整乳腺X线资料的乳腺叶状肿瘤50例共54个病灶,其中良性26个、交界性22个、恶性6个。结果 54个病灶中表现为伴或不伴钙化的肿块50个(92.6%),假阴性4个(7.4%)。50个肿块病变中良性23个、交界性21个、恶性6个。形状以分叶状、圆形或卵圆形最多见,分别占62.0%(31/50)、10.0%(5/50)、26.0%(13/50)。肿块边缘主要表现为清楚或部分清楚部分模糊,占80%(40/50),其余肿块呈浸润状及细小分叶状边缘,分别占18.0%(9/50)和2.0%(1/50)。肿块表现为高密度占74.0%(37/50),等密度占26.0%(13/50)。3个病灶肿块内含有钙化。边缘特征在良性与恶性肿瘤、交界性肿瘤与恶性肿瘤之间有明显差异,P_(良-恶)=0.003,P_(良-恶)=0.044。结论乳腺叶状肿瘤主要X线表现为分叶状或圆形、卵圆形的高密度肿块,钙化少见;边缘特征可在一定程度上提示良恶性叶状肿瘤的区别。     

The Characteristics of Local Recurrence After Breast-Conserving Surgery Alone for Malignant and Borderline Phyllodes Tumors of the Breast (KROG 16-08)

BackgroundDespite margin-negative breast-conserving surgery (BCS), phyllodes tumors (PT) of the breast show high local recurrence (LR) rates. In this study we aimed to assess the site and grade of LR to identify high-risk patients after initial treatment of malignant and borderline PT using BCS alone.Patients and MethodsFrom 1981 to 2014, 312 patients with malignant (n = 164) and borderline (n = 148) PT were treated using BCS alone at 10 centers. LR was defined as true recurrence (TR) if < 2 cm from the primary tumor bed and as elsewhere failure (EF) if otherwise.ResultsAt a median of 21 months, LR occurred in 17.6% (55 of 312), 18.9% (31 of 164) among malignant and 16.2% (24 of 148) among borderline PT (P = .636). Only 1.9% (6 of 312) had EF. Five-year cumulative LR rates were 14.7% and 35.9% after margin-negative and -positive BCS, respectively (P < .001). Positive margin was an independent risk factor for TR (P = .002) and EF (P = .002). In multivariable competing risk regression of patients with negative margins < 1 cm (n = 115), age < 35 years (P = .001), and tumor size ≥ 5 cm (P = .008) independently increased LR risk. Of patients who experienced a LR, 30.9% (17 of 55) had a second or third repeated event. Borderline-to-malignant transformation rates increased at each LR event: 4.1% (6 of 148), 12.5% (3 of 24), and 77.8% (7 of 9) at first, second, and third LR, respectively (P = .006).ConclusionLRs almost always develop near the primary tumor bed. Many patients experience multiple events, with heightened risk of borderline-to-malignant transformation at each subsequent event. For patients with negative margins < 1 cm, younger age and larger tumor size are independent risk factors for increased LR.     

Cystosarcoma phyllodes of the breast: a case report in a 12-year-old girl

Breast tumors in adolescents are very rare and mostly benign. Fibroadenomas are the most frequent, but within the extensive differential diagnosis, the phyllodes tumor must be mentioned, which accounts for about 1% of breast tumors and the diagnosis of which is very rare in patients younger than 20 years. There are no specific symptoms or radiological images to distinguish phyllodes tumor from fibroadenoma; therefore, histological examination is mandatory for diagnosis. Histology also allows the classification of phyllodes tumor into benign, borderline, or malignant types for appropriate surgical treatment: freemargin excision in benign tumors and mastectomy in the other two types. Fortunately, the majority of these tumors are benign, and treatment maximizes breast conservation with free infiltration margins surgery, given that this fact is the most important factor to prevent local recurrence. In this article, we describe a rare case of borderline cystosarcoma phyllodes in a 12-year-old girl.     

乳腺叶状肿瘤的诊断及治疗

目的探讨乳腺叶状肿瘤的诊断和治疗.方法对经手术和病理诊断的48例乳腺叶状肿瘤的临床病理资料进行回顾性分析.结果48例中平均年龄为43.2岁.根据肿瘤生长方式,瘤细胞异型,核分裂和肿瘤坏死进行乳腺叶状肿瘤分级,良性26例,交界性12例,恶性10例.全部病例采用手术治疗,肿瘤单纯切除术23例,良性、交界性、恶性复发分别为3/18、2/3、2/2;肿瘤扩大切除术15例,良性、交界性、恶性复发分别为0/8、1/5、1/2;乳房切除术10例,交界性、恶性复发转移分别为0/4、2/6.结论乳腺叶状肿瘤可分良性、交界性和恶性三种类别,确诊和分级主要依靠病理组织检查.提示首次肿瘤彻底切除是治疗的关键,应根据组织分级及肿瘤大小决定手术方式.     

Analysis of phyllodes tumor recurrence according to the histologic grade

Local recurrence of phyllodes tumor (PT) of the breast is an adverse outcome that can result in sarcomatous degeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate the histologic and surgical factors associated with local recurrence. A total of 193 PT cases were studied: 145 (75.1 %) benign cases, 33 (17.1 %) borderline cases, and 15 (7.8 %) malignant cases. Stratifying our analysis according to histologic grade, we investigated the relationship between disease-free survival (DFS) and both histologic and surgical factors, including histologic grade, stromal cellularity, stromal atypia, stromal mitosis, stromal overgrowth, tumor margin, type of surgical procedure (local excision, wide excision, and mastectomy), surgical margin status, and radiation therapy. In the case of benign PT, all patients with local recurrences (3.4 %) had been treated with local excision, and all recurrent tumors were also benign. The local recurrence rate for locally excised benign PTs was not associated with surgical margin status or radiation therapy. In the case of borderline PT, local excision was associated with an increased local recurrence rate (P = 0.046). In malignant PT, small tumor size (≤4.0 cm) was associated with an increased local recurrence rate (P = 0.041). Univariate analyses indicated that surgical procedure (mastectomy < local excision < wide excision; P < 0.001) was significantly associated with shorter DFS in borderline PT. A positive surgical resection margin (P < 0.001) was associated with DFS in malignant PT. The factors associated with local recurrence differed with the histologic grade of PT, as did the features of local recurrence itself. In particular, benign PT had very low rate of local recurrence regardless of surgical margin status or radiation therapy, even when treated with local excision. In the case of benign PT, no recurrent tumors had worse histologic grades than the initial tumors.     

乳腺叶状肿瘤局部复发的临床风险因素分析

目的分析乳腺叶状肿瘤局部复发的临床风险因素。方法使用SPSSCox比例风险模型分析2002年12月至2008年12月中国医科大学附属第一医院66例乳腺叶状肿瘤患者各种临床风险因素与局部复发的关系。单因素分析采用X2检验。结果本组患者的发病年龄为17—83岁（中位年龄41岁）,良性40例,交界性24例,恶性2例。局部复发15例,其中12例复发发生于区段切除术。在不同手术方式、不同组织学等级的叶状肿瘤患者之间,复发率的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。手术方式为保护因素（RR=0．151）,扩大切除术和乳房切除术者的复发风险较区段切除术者下降至66／1000和53／1000;组织学等级为危险因素（RR=5．803）,恶性和交界性叶状肿瘤患者的局部复发风险分别为良性肿瘤者的12．26倍和4．37倍。结论恶性程度高和手术方式选择不当影响预后。叶状肿瘤以手术治疗为首选,应选择切除范围扩大的手术方式,尤其是对恶性程度高的患者。     

Cystosarcoma phyllodes of the breast

Forty-nine patients with cystosarcoma phyllodes (CP), aged 13-81 years, (mean 35.2 years) were studied. Tumor size ranged from 1.9 to 14 cm (mean 5.2 cm). Mean follow-up period was 11.3 years. Tumors were histopathologically graded as benign, borderline or malignant. Forty-two tumors were diagnosed as benign; 4 borderline and 3 malignant. Six patients had recurrent disease within 6 years of their first surgery. Statistical analysis showed that age was not a significant factor for predicting recurrence or malignant histopathology. Five patients with relapse had borderline or malignant tumors larger than 4 cm. The histopathologic diagnosis was concordant with the clinical course. Multivariate analysis showed that tumor size and histology were significant and independent factors for disease-free interval. Breast-conserving surgery with a wide tumor-free margin is preferred in CP, and close follow-up is advised in cases with malignant or borderline histopathology and tumors larger than 4 cm.