肥厚型梗阻性心肌病经皮经腔间隔心肌消融术与室间隔心肌切除术疗效比较

目的应用超声心动图比较肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者经皮经腔间隔心肌消融术与室间隔心肌切除术的疗效。方法分别于经皮经腔间隔心肌消融术及室间隔心肌切除术前、后测量肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者左室流出道压差,比较术前及术后压差。结果肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者在进行经皮经腔间隔心肌消融术与室间隔心肌切除术后,左室流出道压差均较术前明显减低。经皮经腔间隔心肌消融术肥厚型心肌病患者术前左室流出道压差(99±19)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),术后降至(36±20) mm Hg(P<0.05)。进行室间隔心肌切除术肥厚型心肌病患者术前左室流出道压差(117±32) mm Hg,术后降至(28±17) mm Hg(P<0.05)。经皮经腔间隔心肌消融术与室间隔心肌切除术患者术后左室流出道压差差异无统计学意义[(36±20)mm Hg比(28±17)mm Hg]。结论经皮经腔间隔心肌消融术可以明显减低肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者左室流出道压差,且与室间隔心肌切除术疗效相似。     

心肌声学造影指导下经皮间隔心肌消融术治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病

目的 :评价经皮间隔心肌消融术 (PTSMA)治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病 (HOCM)的即刻和长期疗效。方法 :对于药物治疗效果差、心功能 (NYHA)Ⅲ～Ⅳ级、静息左室流出道压力阶差 (LVOTG)≥30mmHg或异丙肾激发试验LVOTG≥ 5 0mmHg 2 3例HOCM患者 ,施行心肌声学造影指导下的PTSMA术治疗。结果 :2 3例患者PTSMA术均获成功 ,无死亡病例。术后即刻心导管测LVOTG明显下降 ,由术前82 70± 2 5 .91mmHg降至 2 1.2 2± 2 1 95mmHg(P <0 .0 0 1)。术后对 19例病人进行了 3～ 18个月的随访 ,心功能NYHA分级由术前的 3.37± 0 .5 2降到 1.0 7± 0 .2 7(P <0 .0 0 1) ;超声心动图测LVOTG由术前的80 .0 9± 2 6 .5 8降到 2 6 5 5± 2 1 97mmHg(P <0 .0 0 1) ,室间隔厚度由术前的 2 3 86± 3 95mm减到 17 5 4±4 6 3mm(P <0 .0 1)。结论 :PTSMA术治疗HOCM患者的即刻和长期随访效果良好 ,创伤小 ,并发症少     

肥厚型梗阻性心肌病间隔心肌消融术

目的评价肥厚型梗阻性心肌病(HOCM)经皮间隔心肌消融术(PTSMA)后即刻和中期随访结果.方法15例药物治疗效果不佳的HOCM病人在心肌声学造影(MCE)指导下完成PTSMA,并经超声心动图、心电图、同位素心肌灌注显像评价.结果左室流出道压力阶差(LVOTG)由术前(77.93±22.00)mmHg即刻下降到(14.8±15.0)mmHg(P＜0.0001),左室舒张末压即刻平均下降(5.75±2.87)mmHg(P＜0.0001).平均8.6个月(6～20)随访结果表明心功能(NYHA)显著改善(3.4±0.5比1.1±0.4,P＜0.001),心绞痛症状消失,运动耐量显著提高,血流动力学改善状况稳定.结论PTSMA是HOCM病人治疗有效的非外科手段,中期随访结果令人满意.     

经皮经腔间隔心肌化学消融术治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病两年疗效观察

目的　评价经皮经腔间隔心肌化学消融术 (PTSMA)治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病 (HOCM)的中期疗效。方法　 1 998年 8月～ 2 0 0 1年 1 0月 1 1 9名HOCM患者入选行PTSMA ,其中 34例随访近 2(2± 0 5)年。在消融术前及术后半年 (5～ 7个月 )至 2年行超声心动图测量室间隔厚度及左室流出道宽度。结果　 34例术后 2年随访平均室间隔厚度 (1 6 1± 4 8)mm ,[术前 (2 3 9± 6 0 )mm ,术后半年(1 8 8± 4 1 )mm] ,平均左室流出道宽度 (1 5 1± 5 3)mm ,术前 [(6 6± 2 3)mm ,术后半年 (1 2 1± 3 3)mm]。结论　PTSMA能显著降低室间隔厚度 ,增加左室流出道的宽度 ,随着时间延长疗效逐渐增加。     

经皮经腔室间隔化学消融术治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病近期疗效观察

目的:观察经皮经腔室间隔(IVS)化学消融术(PTSMA)治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病(HOCM)的近期疗效。方法:利用 Sigwart法行 PTSMA治疗 HOCM25 例,术前后记录左室血流动力学变化、心电图变化;消融前及术后1个月通过超声心动图测量 IVS 厚度及左室流出道压力阶差(LVOTG)。结果:术后即刻,静息时LVOTG由(72.6±25.9)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)降至(21.8±7.4)mmHg,主动脉收缩压由(120.5±7.1)mmHg升至(140.8±8.2)mmHg,主动脉舒张压由(68.5±6.8)mmHg升至(79.3±7.5)mmHg,冠状动脉舒张期灌注压由(44.1±6.0)mmHg升至(55.7±7.3)mmHg,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。超声心动图测量,术前IVS平均厚度为(23.2±3.7)mm,术后1 个月为(21.6±3.8)mm;术前 LVOTG为 (74.6±28.8)mmHg, 术后 1个月为(18.0±6.2)mmHg(均P<0.05)。术前心功能(NYHA分级)(3.1±0.4)级,术后 1 个月提高到(1.8±0.5)级。术后有永久性完全性右束支传导阻滞 5 例,完全性左束支传导阻滞 1 例。结论:PTSMA能显著降低LVOTG,提高冠状动脉灌注压,改善症状,治疗HOCM近期疗效可靠。     

改良经皮经腔间隔心肌化学消融术治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病

目的　观察改良经皮经腔间隔心肌化学消融术 (PTSMA)治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病 (HOCM)的疗效。方法　 5例患者在常规PTSMA治疗HOCM方法基础上 ,改良如下操作 :1.简化测压方法 :采用大一号动脉鞘与小一号猪尾管同步测股动脉与左室流入道压。 2 .酒精用量指导 :采用球囊闭塞靶间隔支后造影能充分显示间隔支血管供血范围 (即造影剂呈云雾状渗入心肌 )所需的造影剂量 ,指导消融酒精用量。3.尽量避开靶间隔支高位靠右分支 (右前斜位 30°观察 )消融。结果　 5例患者均获成功 ,术后即刻心导管测静息左室流出道压力阶差由术前的 ( 78 4± 2 5 2 )mmHg降至 ( 11 6± 4 7)mmHg。酒精用量为 3～ 9( 4 8± 2 3)ml,2例发生一过性房室传导阻滞 ,术后半年超声心动图测量室间隔厚度由术前的 ( 19 2± 2 3)mm减至 ( 16 1± 2 4 )mm。结论　适当改良的PTSMA方法简便 ,指导消融酒精用量充分 ,消融疗效肯定 ,可减少并发症发生     

经皮腔内室间隔心肌消融术治疗肥厚性梗阻型心肌病33例

目的探讨经皮腔内室间隔心肌消融术治疗肥厚性梗阻型心肌病方法和疗效.方法自1999年9月～2003年8月利用Sigwart法行PTSMA33例.在压力监测、超声应用、消融操作、疗效判定以及术后处理等方面做了一些改进.结果每例患者消融共用无水酒精0.6～5.0ml,分别消融1～4根前间隔支血管;33例患者导管测压示左室流出道压差(静息和激发)均较术前下降＞50%;术后2周复查心脏超声,较之术前,平均左室流出道静息压差由48mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)降至8mndHg,激发后压差由平均93mnuHg降至15mmHg,室间隔增厚率由24%降至10%,左室流出道宽度舒张期由1.4cm增至2.0cm,收缩期则由1.1cm增至1.9cm.ECT对照4例中2例出现室间隔心肌放射性缺损.随访3周到4年,33例患者晕厥、头晕、心绞痛、心悸、气喘等临床症状消失或较术前改善.术中部分患者出现一过性短阵室性心动过速、房室传导阻滞.4例心电图呈前间隔心肌梗死改变,其中1例伴下壁心肌梗死改变.结论经皮腔内室间隔心肌消融术治疗肥厚性梗阻型心肌病疗效显著,我们对该疗法应用进行了探索,促使经皮腔内室间隔心肌消融术更趋完美.     

梗阻性肥厚型心肌病化学消融术治疗进展

梗阻性肥厚型心肌病(HOCM)是以室间隔非对称性肥厚、左室流出道狭窄,并由此引起梗阻症状为特点的心肌病。降低左室流出道压差是临床治疗有症状HOCM患者的目标,经皮经腔室间隔心肌化学消融术是一种很有前景的介入治疗方法,创伤小、安全性高,并能取得与外科手术同样的疗效。     

室间隔部分切除术和经皮室间隔心肌消融术治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者的中远期效果比较

目的:探讨室间隔减容治疗即室间隔部分切除术和经皮室间隔心肌消融术治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病(HOCM)患者的中远期效果。方法:回顾性选择2010年1月1日至2016年12月31日在首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院进行室间隔部分切除(手术组125例)或经皮室间隔心肌消融(介入组41例)的HOCM患者,并在手术前、术后对入组患者进行随访,中位随访时间为386天(136～1 617天),获取患者术前及术后半年以上的超声心动图指标评价室间隔厚度及左心室流出道压差变化。结果:手术组患者125例,年龄中位数48岁,男性70例(56.0%);介入组患者41例,年龄中位数50岁,男性28例(68.3%)。两组患者临床资料比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。中位随访386天,失访26例患者(15.6%),手术组和介入组分别失访18例和8例。与术前相比,术后手术组室间隔厚度(16.0 mm vs 21.0 mm,P0.05)、左心室流出道压差(8 mmHg vs 73 mmHg,1 mmHg=0.133 kPa,P0.05)均下降;介入组室间隔厚度(15.0 mm vs 20.0 mm,P0.05)、左心室流出道压差(11 mmHg vs 66 mmHg,P0.05)均下降,以手术组残余压差更低(P0.05)。随访过程中手术组1例患者死亡,两组均有1例患者手术前后左心室流出道压差无明显改善。结论:两种室间隔减容治疗均可有效降低远期左心室流出道梗阻的情况,室间隔切除术患者术后残余左心室流出道压差更低。     

经皮腔内室间隔化学消融术治疗肥厚梗阻型心肌病短期疗效

目的应用超声心动图评价经皮腔内室间隔化学消融术(percutaneoustransluminalventricalarseptalchemicalablation,PTVSCA)治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病的短期疗效。方法回顾性分析于1998年7月～2003年6月期间40例肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者行PTVSCA。在消融术前及术后2周内行超声心动图测量室间隔厚度、左心室流出道宽度及左心室流出道压力阶差。结果40例术后两周内室间隔厚度(24±6)mm,术前(24±6)mm;平均左心室流出道宽度术后(12.8±2.6)mm,术前(13.1±2.4)mm;静息时左心室流出道压力阶差术后(101±7)mmHg,术前(40±8)mmHg。结论PTSMA术后即刻或短期内主要是通过降低梗阻部位室间隔的收缩力来缓解左心室流出道的梗阻,室间隔厚度改变需在稍后时间才能显现。     

经皮室间隔化学消融治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病疗效观察

<正>肥厚型梗阻性心肌病(hypertrophic obstructive car-diomyopathy,HOCM)是原发性心肌病的一种特殊类型,约占肥厚型心肌病患者的25%[1]。临床治疗的目的是使流出道变宽,狭窄减轻,从而达到缓解流出道梗阻,减轻症状,降低猝死率。目前治疗的方法有     

Early remodelling of left ventricle and improvement of myocardial performance in patients after percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation (PTSMA) reduces left ventricular outflow (LVOT) gradient in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) and leads to symptomatic improvement. Effects of PTSMA on left ventricular performance are currently unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in the left ventricular performance using Doppler index of myocardial performance (sum of isovolumic contractile and relaxation times divided by left ventricular ejection time) and left ventricular remodelling after PTSMA for HOCM. METHODS: Twenty-five patients with symptomatic HOCM underwent echocardiography-guided PTSMA procedure. Clinical and echocardiographic data were collected at baseline and 3 months after PTSMA. RESULTS: PTSMA procedures were uneventful, in one patient (4%), pacemaker implantation was needed for sustained complete heart block after the procedure. At 3-month follow-up, the maximal LVOT gradient decreased from 68+/-39 to 18.6+/-12 mmHg (P<0.001), the provoked maximal LVOT gradient decreased from 128.8+/-59 to 25+/-21.4 mmHg (P<0.001), and basal septal thickness decreased from 21.7+/-4 to 15.2+/-3 mm (P<0.001). The improvement of the index of myocardial performance (from 0.65+/-7 to 0.56+/-11; P<0.001) was associated with neither significant change in left ventricular ejection fraction nor left ventricular ejection time. There was no significant difference in the left ventricular dimension at baseline and at follow-up. All patients reported a significant improvement in symptoms at follow-up, the mean NYHA class decreased from 2.6+/-0.7 to 1.4+/-0.7 (P<0.001), and the number of patients suffering from episodes of syncope or attacks of dizziness decreased from 13 to two during the 3-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: PTSMA is a safe, effective and reproducible method in the treatment of highly symptomatic patients with HOCM. This procedure results in a significant relief of symptoms associated with decrease in LVOT gradient and thickness of basal interventricular septum. Positive changes in Doppler IMP suggest possible improvement of left ventricular function.     

经皮腔内冠状动脉室间隔化学消融术治疗梗阻性肥厚型心肌病的近期疗效观察

目的评价经皮腔内冠状动脉室间隔化学消融术治疗梗阻性肥厚型心肌病的近期疗效。方法选择梗阻性肥厚型心肌病患者29例,利用Sigwart法行经皮腔内冠状动脉室间隔化学消融术,99%无水酒精注入间隔支,并记录注入前后即刻左心室流出道压力阶差和心电图的变化。在消融术前及术后30天通过超声心动图测量室间隔厚度及左心室舒张末直径。结果间隔支内平均酒精注射量为2.97 mL;术后即刻左心室流出道压力阶差平均下降到36.0±9.3 mmHg;术后30天室间隔厚度降低3.2±0.3 mm;2例需要再次另外一支间隔支消蚀;3例患者术中出现一过性完全性房室传导阻滞;所有患者临床症状都有不同程度的缓解。结论经皮腔内冠状动脉室间隔化学消融术能显著降低左心室流出道压力阶差,治疗梗阻性肥厚型心肌病的近期疗效可靠,但应该严格控制适应症,以减少严重并发症发生。     

经皮经冠状动脉室间隔化学消融术治疗梗阻性肥厚型心肌病的近期疗效观察

目的评价经皮经冠状动脉室间隔化学消融术（PTSMA）治疗梗阻性肥厚型心肌病（HOCM）的近期疗效。方法自1998年8月～1999年11月收治HOCM34例,入选行PTSMA26例。利用Sigwart法行PTSMA,注入96%～99%无水酒精消融间隔支前后记录左室流出道压力阶差变化、心电图变化。在消融前及术后2周通过超声心动图测量室间隔（IVS）厚度及左室流出道宽度。结果术前平均静息左室流出道压力阶差为（72.8±24.6）mmHg（1mmHg=0.133kPa）,术中球囊加压后为（30.6±18.5）mmHg,术后为（24.3±17.6）mmHg,差异有显著性（P<0.001）。术前室间隔平均厚度为（23.00±6.03）mm,术后2周为（20.55±5.38）mm。术前左室流出道宽度为（6.54±2.36）mm,术后2周为（11.36±3.37）mm（P<0.01）。术前心功能（NYHA分级）为3.4±0.6,术后2周为1.6±0.8。术后CPK与CPK-Mb峰值分别为（1050±514）U/L与（131±78）U/L。术中及术后可见短阵室速、结性逸搏心律、三度房室传导阻滞及束支传导阻滞。1例发生永久性三度房室传导阻滞,安装永久性双腔起搏器。出现下壁及前壁心肌梗死心电图表现者各1例。结论PTSMA能显著降低左室流出道压力阶差,治疗HOCM的近期疗效可靠,但尚需进一步完善方法,以减少严重并发症发生,并需继续随访其中、远期疗效。     

Outcome of patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy after percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation and septal myectomy surgery

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to evaluate follow-up results in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) who underwent either percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation (PTSMA) or septal myectomy. BACKGROUND: Controversy exists with regard to these two forms of treatment for patients with HOCM. METHODS: Of 51 patients with HOCM treated, 25 were treated by PTSMA and 26 patients via myectomy. Two-dimensional echocardiograms were performed before both procedures, immediately afterwards and at a three-month follow-up. The New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class was obtained before the procedures and at follow-up. RESULTS: Interventricular septal thickness was significantly reduced at follow-up in both groups (2.3 +/- 0.4 cm vs. 1.9 +/- 0.4 cm for septal ablation and 2.4 +/- 0.6 cm vs. 1.7 +/- 0.2 cm for myectomy, both p < 0.001). Estimated by continuous-wave Doppler, the resting pressure gradient (PG) across the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) significantly decreased immediately after the procedures in both groups (64 +/- 39 mm Hg vs. 28 +/- 29 mm Hg for PTSMA, 62 +/- 43 mm Hg vs. 7 +/- 7 mm Hg for myectomy, both p < 0.0001). At three-month follow-up, the resting PG remained lower in the PTSMA and myectomy groups (24 +/- 19 mm Hg and 11 +/- 6 mm Hg, respectively, vs. those before procedures, both p < 0.0001). The NYHA functional class was also significantly improved in both groups (3.5 +/- 0.5 vs. 1.9 +/- 0.7 for PTSMA, 3.3 +/- 0.5 vs. 1.5 +/- 0.7 for myectomy, both p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Both myectomy and PTSMA reduce LVOT obstruction and significantly improve NYHA functional class in patients with HOCM. However, there are benefits and drawbacks for each therapeutic method that must be counterbalanced when deciding on treatment for LVOT obstruction.     

Percutaneous Transluminal Septal Myocardial Ablation in Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy: Acute Results and 3-Month Follow-Up in 25 Patients

Objectives. We report the acute results and midterm clinical course after percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation (PTSMA) in symptomatic patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM).Background. In the treatment of HOCM, surgical myectomy and DDD pacemaker therapy are considered the standard procedural extensions to drug therapy with negatively inotropic drugs. As an alternative nonsurgical procedure for reducing the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient, PTSMA by alcohol-induced septal branch occlusion was introduced. However, clinical follow-up has not been sufficiently described.Methods. In 25 patients (13 women, 12 men; mean [±SD] age 54.7 ± 15.0 years) who were symptomatic despite sufficient drug therapy, 1.4 ± 0.6 septal branches were occluded with an injection of 4.1 ± 2.6 ml of alcohol (96%) to ablate the hypertrophied interventricular septum. After 3-months, follow-up results of LVOT gradients and clinical course were determined.Results. The invasively determined LVOT gradients could be reduced in 22 patients (88%), with a mean reduction from 61.8 ± 29.8 mm Hg (range 4 to 152) to 19.4 ± 20.8 mm Hg (range 0 to 74) at rest (p < 0.0001) and from 141.4 ± 45.3 mm Hg (range 76 to 240) to 61.1 ± 40.1 mm Hg (range 0 to 135) after extrasystole. All patients had angina pectoris for 24 h. The maximal creatine kinase increase was 780 ± 436 U/liter (range 305 to 1,810) after 11.1 ± 6.0 h (range 4 to 24). Thirteen patients (52%) developed a trifascicular block for 5 min to 8 days requiring temporary (n = 8 [32%]) or permanent (DDD) pacemaker implantation (n = 5 [20%]). An 86-year old woman died 8 days after successful intervention of uncontrollable ventricular fibrillation in conjunction with beta-sympathomimetics in chronically obstructive pulmonary disease. The remaining patients were discharged after 11.3 ± 5.4 days (range 5 to 24), after an uncomplicated hospital course. Clinical and echocardiographic follow-up was achieved in all 24 surviving patients after 3 months. No cardiac complications occurred. Twenty-one patients (88%) showed clinical improvement, with a New York Heart Association functional class of 1.4 ± 1.1. A further reduction in LVOT gradient was shown in 14 patients (58%).Conclusions. PTSMA of HOCM is a promising nonsurgical technique for septal myocardial reduction, with a consecutive reduction in LVOT gradient. Possible complications are trifascicular blocks, requiring permanent pacemaker implantation, and tachycardiac rhythm disturbances. Clinical long-term observations of larger patient series and a comparison with conventional forms of therapy are necessary to determine the conclusive therapeutic significance.     

Comparison of percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation versus septal myectomy for the treatment of patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy--a meta analysis

BACKGROUND: The effects of percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation (PTSMA) with septal myectomy in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) are not thoroughly compared. METHODS: Three articles comparing the effects of PTSMA and septal myectomy treatment for HOCM were identified from a search in Pubmed, and a meta analysis was conducted. RESULTS: 177 patients (86 underwent PTSMA and 91 underwent septal myectomy) were included. Interventricular septum thickness was decreased from 22.1 to 15.1 mm (p<0.05) in PTSMA group and from 22.0 to 13.9 mm (p<0.05) in septal myectomy group; left ventricular end-diastolic dimension was increased from 41.8 to 45.2 mm (p<0.05) in PTSMA group and from 41.8 to 43.9 mm (p<0.05) in septal myectomy group; NYHA class was improved from 3.17 to 1.47 (p<0.05) in PTSMA group and from 2.97 to 1.36 (p<0.05) in septal myectomy group; there were no differences in the two groups. However, left ventricular outflow tract gradient was decreased from 76.0 to 15.7 mm Hg (p<0.05) in PTSMA group and from 74.7 to 9.4 mm Hg (p<0.05) in septal myectomy group and the effect of septal myectomy was better than PTSMA (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The effects of septal myectomy treatment for HOCM are better with regard to relief of LVOT gradient, and lower risk of pacemaker requirement, compared to PTSMA. Large randomized clinical trials further comparing the two treatments are suggested.     

Percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: Acute results and three-year noninvasive follow-up in 18 patients

OBJECTIVES: To study the acute results and long-term clinical course after percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation (PTSMA) in symptomatic patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). METHODS: In 18 patients (seven women, 11 men; average age 53+/-15 years) with symptomatic and medically refractory HOCM, 1.3+/-0.4 septal branches were occluded with an injection of 3.6+/-1.2 mL of 95% alcohol to ablate the hypertrophied interventricular septum. After three years, noninvasive follow-up results of clinical course, echocardiographic and electrocardiographic findings were determined. RESULTS: The invasively measured left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradients were reduced in all patients, with a mean decrease from 79+/-21 mmHg to 11+/-8 mmHg at rest (P<0.01) and from 136+/-41 mmHg to 49+/-21 mmHg after extrasystole. All patients had angina pectoris for 8 h to 24 h. Eleven patients (61.1%) developed a trifascicular block for 3 min to four days requiring temporary (n=10 [56%]) or permanent dual chamber pacemaker implantation (n=1 [6%]). All patients were discharged after 5.9+/-2.3 days. Clinical, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic follow-up was achieved in all patients after three years (3.1+/-0.5 years). No cardiac complications occurred. Thirteen patients (72%) showed clinical improvement, with a New York Heart Association functional class of 1.5+/-0.8. A further reduction in LVOT gradient was shown in eight patients (44%). CONCLUSIONS: The LVOT gradient was greatly reduced in patients with HOCM undergoing a PTSMA procedure and their symptoms were greatly improved without cardiac complications during three-year follow-up. Possible complications include different degrees of heart block, such as trifascicular blocks, requiring temporary pacemaker implantation. PTSMA is a promising nonsurgical method for the treatment of symptomatic patients with HOCM. Clinical long-term follow-up of a larger series of patients is required to determine the therapeutic significance conclusively.     

超声心动图在肥厚型梗阻性心肌病中的应用

目的评价超声心动图在肥厚型梗阻性心肌病(HOCM)患者经皮室间隔化学消融术(PTSMA)治疗中的应用价值.方法应用超声心动图筛选HOCM患者17例,介入治疗术中引导及监测PTSMA,术后随访.结果术后即刻导管测量左心室流出道(LVOT)压差较术前减低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).术后4周经胸超声心动图检查,LVOT压差、室间隔厚度和左心室射血分数均较术前明显减低,LVOT宽度均较术前明显增加,均差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.01).术前及术后超声心动图与导管测压所得参数具有良好的相关性(r=0.78;r=0.82,均P＜0.01).结论超声心动图技术可用于指导和监测HOCM患者的PTSMA治疗.     

经皮导管室间隔心肌化学消融术治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病的近期疗效

目的:探讨经皮导管室间隔心肌化学消融术(PTSMA)治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病(HOCM)方法及近期疗效。方法:11例HOCM患者,经心脏超声及导管测压证实存在左室流出道压力阶差(LVOTG),选择靶间隔支注入无水乙醇消融后记录LVOTG变化,出院时及出院后1个月复查超声心动图。结果:11例患者中消融第1间隔支者9例,消融第2间隔支者1例,同时消融第1、第2间隔支者1例;术后即刻导管测量LVOTG较术前明显下降[(90.40±41.95)∶(52.90±34.12)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),P<0.01]。11例中1例术后4 h死亡,1例术后第5天置入永久双腔起搏器,其余9例度过围术期并出院随访。10例存活者出院时与术前相比,LVOTG和二尖瓣收缩期前移(SAM)幅度较术前明显改善[(44.56±28.87)∶(82.98±36.46)mmHg,(2.3±1.06)∶(4.1±1.37)mm,P<0.01)];术后1个月超声测量LVOTG、室间隔厚度、左室流出道内径和SAM幅度分别为:(40.43±19.27)mmHg、(18.6.1±1.17)mm、(15.5±1.08)mm和(0.5±0....