巨大睾丸鞘膜积液伴阴囊皮肤癌

【病例】　男 ,73岁。因发现双侧阴囊肿物 5年 ,加重伴阴囊皮损 1年入院。缘于 5年前发现双侧阴囊内有鸡蛋大小肿物 ,与体位及腹压变化无关 ,无疼痛等不适。近 1年肿物明显增大 ,伴坠胀痛 ,右侧阴囊根部出现皮肤损害。曾用中草药外敷治疗无效。查体 :全身浅表淋巴结未触及。双侧阴囊增大 ,左侧直径 2 0cm ,右侧直径 18cm ,质硬 ,透光试验 ( ) ;睾丸、附睾、精索均未触及 ;右侧阴囊根部皮肤溃疡直径 8cm ,渗出明显 ,局部可见脓性分泌物。医技检查 :血尿粪常规、肝肾功能均正常 ;B超检查示阴囊内大量液性暗区 ,最深 6cm。行双侧睾丸切除、皮…     

成人睾丸良性间质细胞瘤二例

正病例资料病例1:男,40岁,发现右阴囊肿物20年余,无不适。查体:男性第二性征正常,阴囊皮肤无红肿及破溃,右睾丸内偏外侧可触及一大小约2.0 cm×1.5 cm的实性肿物,质地中等,表面尚光滑,边界清楚,无明显触痛及压痛,透光实验阴性,左侧睾丸及双侧附睾未触及异常。肿瘤标记物:甲胎蛋白(AFP)、人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)     

睾丸炎性肉芽肿超声表现1例

正患者男,70岁,因发现左侧阴囊逐渐增大肿物30余年,质地变硬伴皮肤破溃半年就诊。体格检查:左侧阴囊较右侧明显肿大,其表皮见两处约0.5 cm×0.4 cm溃疡面,伴少量脓液渗出。站立时左侧阴囊内可扪及一约6.4 cm×4.6 cm×8.4 cm实性肿物,质硬,边界清,透光试验阴性,无压痛。超声检查:左侧睾丸内见一4.7 cm×7.4 cm×5.3 cm不均质团状低回声,边界尚清,形态尚规则,内见大量点状强回声,后方伴声影(图1)。CDFI:未探及血流     

婴幼儿纤维性错构瘤超声误诊1例

患儿男,1岁3个月.病史:发现右阴囊肿物1年,初起时如鸽蛋大小,渐大,无明显症状.专科检查:右阴囊内可触及一肿物,大小约4 cm×3 cm,质中等,无压痛,按压无明显缩小.彩超检查:右腹股沟区右阴囊上方可见一高回声团,大小约3.6 cm×2.3 cm,边界欠清,内回声均匀,团块内未见明显血流信号(图1).睾丸及附睾未见异常.超声提示:考虑右腹股沟斜疝,右阴囊内高回声团考虑疝入的大     

B超诊断睾丸囊肿1例

患者 ,男性 ,72岁。因左侧睾丸增大 1 0年余 ,加重伴疼痛 2 0余天就诊。查体 :左阴囊体积增大 ,其内可触及 5 cm× 4cm× 3cm大小肿物 ,表面光滑 ,质软 ,压痛 ,左侧睾丸未触及。超声所见 :左侧阴囊内未探及正常睾丸回声 ,为一囊性包块所占据 ,壁规则、光滑 ,大小约 4.6 cm× 2 .3cm,睾丸组织被挤压到囊性包块周边 ,厚约 2 mm。其周围可见液性暗区回声 (图 1 )。右侧睾丸未见异常。超声诊断 :左侧睾丸囊肿并鞘膜积液。术后病理诊断 :睾丸囊肿图 1　左侧睾丸囊肿 (CY)B超诊断睾丸囊肿1例@毕晓静!250101济南市$武警山东省总队医院特检科 @…     

骨盆软组织侵袭性血管粘液瘤1例及文献复习

患者,男,39岁,因发现阴囊内肿物并逐渐增大5个月入院。入院后查体：外阴正常,左侧阴囊内可触及一6cm×5cm肿物,无触痛,可活动,质地中等,边缘光滑,与睾丸及附睾分界清楚,肿物根部未触及。彩超检查示双侧附睾及睾丸大小形态正常,阴囊下部一实性肿物,     

脾性腺融合症1例

患者男性,31岁。发现左侧睾丸肿物26年。26年来睾丸持续增大,大小8 cm×4 cm×5 cm,有坠胀感、不适,无剧痛。查体:左侧睾丸增大,呈椭圆形,坚硬,表面光滑,用手托有沉重感,挤压肿块无明显疼痛,大小8 cm×4 cm×5 cm,左侧精索静脉曲张,阴囊无水肿。泌尿系超声示前列腺稍增大伴钙化及囊肿,考虑为左侧发育异常(双睾丸?),左侧精索静脉曲张。     

睾丸平滑肌瘤超声表现1例

患者男,60岁,因“发现左侧阴囊内肿物2年余,近半月坠胀不适”就诊;无阴囊外伤及感染病史。查体:左侧阴囊增大,其内扪及约4.5 cm×2.5 cm椭圆形实性肿物,质中,有弹性,活动度较差,局部无触痛。实验室检查:甲胎蛋白2.86 ng/ml,癌胚抗原1.10 ng/ml。超声检查:左侧阴囊内睾丸下方探及约4.97 cm×2.41 cm实性低回声肿物(图1A),内回声不均匀,可见数个弱或无回声区分布;CDFI示病灶内部可见稀疏血流信号,周边可见条线状血流信号(图1B);PW动脉血流频谱:收缩期峰值流速22 cm/s,阻力指数0.65;左侧附睾受肿物影响显示不清,右侧睾丸、附睾及阴囊未见异常,双侧腹股沟区未见肿大淋巴结。超声提示:左侧阴囊内睾丸下方实性占位病变。遂行左侧阴囊内肿物切除术,术中完整剥离肿物。术后大体病理:左侧睾丸下方灰红结节组织,表面被覆光滑包膜,切面灰白、质韧。免疫组织化学:SMA(+)、Desmin(+)、Vimentin(+)、S100(-)、Bcl-2(-)、CD34血管(+)、AE1/AE3(-)、CK5/6(-)、CR(-)、Ki-67(1%+)。病理诊断:(左侧睾丸)平滑肌瘤,伴玻璃样变性(图1C)。     

睾丸非霍奇金淋巴瘤超声表现1例

患者男,50岁.发现阴囊内肿物来院就诊.体检:左侧阴囊内可触及一质硬肿物,约蛋黄大小,局部皮肤无红肿,皮温无异常,无触痛压痛,无发热及盗汗.超声表现(图1):右侧睾丸大小3.8 mm×1.8 mm,左侧睾丸大小4.1 cm×1.8 cm,左侧睾丸上极少见大小2.3 cm×1.4 cm椭圆形低回声团块,质硬,低回声团块内部呈中等亮度的细小点状回声,均匀分布,颇像正常睾丸回声,境界欠清晰,无包膜回声带,其周边另见几个类似低回声团块,CDFI:低回声团块内见丰富血流信号,呈动脉频谱,RI0.49.超声提示:左侧睾丸内实性占位,血流丰富.     

B超诊断巨大附睾纤维瘤1例

患者,男性,78岁。因阴囊内肿物30年,明显增大,局部坠胀不适半年于1996年9月11日入院。外科检查:右侧阴囊内可触及约10cm×8cm大肿物,质硬无压痛,与右侧睾丸关系密切,透光试验阴性。左侧睾丸正常。 采用Acuson 128xp/10C型超声诊断仪,探头频     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.