细胞外调节蛋白激酶在雌激素促乳腺癌细胞MCF-7增殖中的作用

目的:探讨细胞外调节蛋白激酶(ERK）在雌激素促乳腺癌细胞MCF-7增殖、细胞周期转化中的作用及机制。方法:以雌激素受体阳性乳腺癌细胞MCF-7为研究对象, MTT法检测17β-雌二醇（17β-E2）对MCF细胞增殖的影响,确定实验处理用浓度;MTT法检测PD98059对17β-E2促MCF-7细胞增殖作用的影响,求取其中效抑制浓度;流式细胞术检测细胞周期;TRAP-PCR银染法检测端粒酶活性,Western印迹法检测p-ERK1/2、野生型p53蛋白水平;RT-PCR检测野生型p53 mRNA水平。结果:ERK磷酸化抑制剂PD98059能抑制17β-E2对MCF-7细胞的促增殖作用,具有时效-量效关系,其差异具有显著统计学意义(P＜0.01）, 各作用时间点PD98059中效抑制浓度分别为89.28 μmol/L·24 h、39.81 μmol/L·48 h、21.87 μmol/L·72 h。应用PD98059 48 h后,能抑制17β-E2促进MCF-7细胞周期转化作用,使G1期细胞增加,S期和G2期细胞减少(P＜0.01); 阻抑17β-E2增强MCF-7细胞端粒酶活性的作用(P＜0.05）; 增强野生型p53蛋白表达和p53基因转录水平(P＜0.01）;p-ERK1/2蛋白表达水平显著降低(P＜0.01)。 结论:ERK在17β-E2促乳腺癌细胞MCF-7增殖、细胞周期转化中具有重要的作用,其机制与野生型p53转录和端粒酶活性改变有关。     

雌激素促乳腺癌细胞MCF-7增殖中组蛋白乙酰化的作用及其意义

目的：研究组蛋白乙酰化水平改变在雌激素促乳腺癌细胞增殖中的作用及其意义。方法：以人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7为研究对象,应用CCK-8法检测17-β雌二醇（17β-estradiol,１７β-E2）对MCF-7细胞增殖影响,根据增殖率确定后续实验处理浓度;应用CCK-8法检测Garcinol 对17β-E2促MCF-7细胞增殖作用的影响,根据抑制率求取其中效抑制浓度;流式细胞术检测细胞周期、细胞凋亡情况;Western blot检测乙酰化H３（acetylated histone 3,ac-H3）、乙酰化H4（acetylated histone 4,ac-H4）、细胞周期蛋白１、B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-２（B cell lymphoma/leukemia-2,Bcl-2）、B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-xl（B cell lymphoma/leukemia-xl,Bcl-xl）蛋白水平表达;RT-PCR检测CyclinD1 mRNA、Bcl-2 mRNA、Bcl-xl mRAN水平。结果：17β-E2的促MCF-7细胞增殖作用受到乙酰化酶抑制剂Garcinol抑制,使细胞周期转化阻滞于G0/G1期,细胞凋亡率增加（P=0.000）;17β-E2促进MCF-7细胞ac-H3、ac-H4的表达（P=0.007、P=0.013）,促进CyclinD1、Bcl-2、Bcl-xl 蛋白表达（P=0.000、P=0.002、P=0.000）,Garcinol能抑制17β-E2对ac-H3的促进表达（P=0.006）,对ac-H4无显著影响（P=0.347）,17β-E2的促CyclinD1、Bcl-2、Bcl-xl表达亦受到Garcinol抑制（P=0.000、P=0.001、P=0.001）;相应可见,17β-E2促进CyclinD1、Bcl-2、Bcl-xl mRNA转录（P=0.007、P=0.044、P=0.007）,该作用受到Garcinol抑制（P=0.001、P=0.017、P=0.002）。结论：17β-E2促MCF-7细胞增殖、凋亡抑制作用与组蛋白乙酰化水平增高有关,Garcinol 对雌激素促乳腺癌细胞增殖具有抑制作用。     

ERK/MAPK信号通路激活与乳腺癌细胞浸润性生长的关系

目的：探讨乳腺癌细胞中ERK／MAPK信号转导通路异常激活与乳腺癌细胞浸润性生长的关系及可能机制。方法:采用Western蛋白印迹技术检测乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7和MDA-MB-435S中磷酸化ERK／MAPK(P-ERK)蛋白表达，以及表皮生长因子(EGF)、胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)和ERK／MAPK通路抑制剂PD98059对两种细胞ERK／MAPK信号转导通路磷酸化的调节。结果:雌激素受体ER(-)的浸润性乳腺癌细胞系MDA-MB-435S中，p-ERK表达明显高于ER( )的非浸润性乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7；EGF可刺激两种细胞p-ERK的表达增加，但这种刺激作用在MDA-MB-435S细胞中更加明显；IGF-1则仅能刺激MCF-7细胞中p-ERK的表达。PD98059能有效阻滞EGF、IGF-1对p-ERK的激活。结论：ERK／MAPK信号转导通路的异常激活与乳腺癌的浸润性生长有关，而EGF可能是异常激活ERK／MAPK信号转导通路，是刺激ER(-)的乳腺癌细胞浸润性生长的重要因素之一。     

ERK1/2介导的bFGF在乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7增殖中的作用

目的 观察Ras-Raf-ERK1/2途径介导的碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)对乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7细胞增殖的影响,探讨bFGF及其信号传导途径与乳腺癌发生及发展的关系.方法 应用细胞免疫组织化学技术检测不同浓度bFGF处理细胞后ERK1/2蛋白的表达;应用蛋白印迹技术检测不同浓度、不同时间bFGF和bFGF+PD98059处理MCF-7细胞后,细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶(ERK1/2)蛋白表达水平的变化.结果 经bFGF不同浓度(0、12.5、25及50 ng/mL)处理MCF-7乳腺癌细胞系后,ERK蛋白表达随着浓度的增加而增强,且与bFGF水平呈剂量依赖关系;以最佳工作浓度25 ng/mLbFGF处理MCF-7乳腺癌细胞系不同时间后,其表达活性明显高于对照组和bFGF+PD98059组.加入bFGF抑制剂PD98059后,bFGF诱导MCF-7细胞系p-ERK1/2活性的作用受到抑制,ERK蛋白表达明显下调.结论 bFGF通过Ras-Raf-ERK1/2途径的介导,促进了MCF-7细胞的增殖,进而抵抗无血清诱导的凋亡.抑制剂PD98059可阻断此诱导作用,使ERK表达明显下调.ERK信号传导通路可能是乳腺癌侵袭和转移的重要途径,ERK1/2和bFGF的表达可为乳腺癌治疗的靶点提供理论依据.     

丹参酮ⅡA抗乳腺癌作用机制的实验研究

目的 观察丹参酮ⅡA对雌激素受体(ER)阳性和阴性的乳腺癌细胞(MCF-7和MDA-MB-231)的生长抑制作用及其对凋亡相关基因p53、bcl-2及cerBb-2的蛋白表达的影响,并探讨其作用机制.方法 采用MTT比色法检测丹参酮ⅡA对MCF-7和MDA-MB-231的增殖抑制作用;Brdu掺入实验、流式细胞术检测丹参酮ⅡA对两种乳腺癌细胞的DNA合成和凋亡的影响;免疫组化法检测丹参酮ⅡA对两种细胞P53、CerbB-2及Bcl-2蛋白表达的影响.结果 丹参酮ⅡA处理后,MCF-7和MDA-MB-231增殖活性均有降低 (P<0.05),半效抑制浓度(IC50)均为0.25 μg/mL,且抑制作用在两系细胞均呈剂量和时间依赖关系;Brdu标记指数两种细胞均降低 (P<0.05);细胞凋亡率均升高(P<0.001); 细胞免疫组织化学结果 显示,丹参酮ⅡA处理两种细胞后,其P53表达均上调(P<0.05);MCF-7表达CerbB-2增强(P<0.05),而MDA-MB-231表达CerbB-2无明显变化(P>0.05),两种细胞Bcl-2的表达均无明显影响.结论 丹参酮ⅡA体外对ER阳性乳腺癌细胞MCF-7和ER受体阴性乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231具有生长抑制、诱导凋亡的作用,其作用机理可能与抑制DNA合成有关,而与P53、CerBb-2和Bcl-2的表达水平无关.     

异黄酮改构化合物F11对人乳腺癌细胞凋亡的影响及其机制研究

目的 研究异黄酮改构化合物F11对人乳腺癌细胞凋亡的影响及其机制.方法 采用DNA Ladder、DAPI细胞核染色检测F11对人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7凋亡的影响,Western blot检测凋亡相关蛋白Caspase-3、PARP、p53的表达.结果 异黄酮改构化合物F11可诱导人乳腺癌细胞发生凋亡,增加Caspase-3和PARP蛋白的表达(P<0.01),抑制p53蛋白的表达(P<0.05,P<0.01).结论 异黄酮改构化合物F11诱导MCF-7发生凋亡,可能是通过诱导Caspase-3和PARP蛋白表达的增加,抑制p53蛋白的表达实现的.     

MAPKs通路在Leptin促人乳腺癌细胞系增殖中的机制研究

目的:探讨MAPKs信号转导通路在瘦素(Leptin)促人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7增殖中的作用机制。方法:用MTT比色法观察不同浓度瘦素促MCF-7细胞的增殖效应,以及用JNK、ERK特异性抑制剂(SP600125,PD98059)阻断MAPKs信号通路对瘦素促MCF-7细胞增殖效应的影响;Westem blot检测瘦素干预不同时间对p-JNK、JNK、p-ERK、ERK蛋白表达水平的影响;RT-PCR检测在瘦素作用下以及MAPKs信号通路阻断情况下对MCF-7细胞表达瘦素受体(Ob-R)mRNA水平的影响。结果:50 ng/ml瘦素促人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7增殖效应最强,该浓度瘦素可使MAPKs信号通路中的靶蛋白发生磷酸化激活;50 ng/ml瘦素作用于MCF-7细胞30 s后p-ERK蛋白表达即显著增加,3 min后p-JNK蛋白表达亦显著增加;分别用SP600125和PD98059阻断JNK、ERK信号通路可显著抑制瘦素促MCF-7细胞的增殖效应.亦可抑制瘦素作用下MCF-7细胞Ob-R mRNA表达水平的增加。结论:瘦素促人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7增殖效应可能与激活MAPKs信号通路有关,亦调控MCF-7细胞中瘦素受体的表达,在肿瘤细胞周围形成瘦素自分泌环,促进乳腺癌的发生发展。     

GP73通过p53信号通路调节乳腺癌细胞MCF-7的增殖和凋亡

目的 探讨高尔基蛋白73(GP73)对乳腺癌细胞MCF-7的增殖、凋亡的影响及相关机制.方法 利用干扰及过表达GP73质粒转染乳腺癌细胞MCF-7,并利用CCK-8检测处理后细胞的增殖能力,利用流式细胞术方法检测处理组细胞的凋亡水平,利用qRT-PCR和Western印迹法测定GP73和p53 mRNA和蛋白的表达.采用qRT-PCR测定20例临床乳腺癌和癌旁组织中GP73和p53的mRNA水平,并分析乳腺癌组织中GP73和p53的mRNA水平的相关性.结果 过表达GP73后MCF-7较对照组增殖能力上升(P＜0.05),凋亡水平下降(P＜0.05);干扰GP73后MCF-7增殖能力下降(P＜0.05),凋亡率升高.同时过表达GP73和p53的乳腺癌细胞较单独过表达GP73的MCF-7细胞的增殖能力下降,凋亡水平上升.乳腺癌组织中GP73和p53 mRNA表达也呈负相关(r=-0.528,P＜0.01).结论 GP73可能通过p53信号通路调节乳腺癌细胞MCF-7的增殖和凋亡.     

人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞凋亡过程中p53与bcl-2表达的时序性

研究细胞凋亡过程中p53与bcl－2基因表达变化的时序关系，以探索p53调控bcl－2的可能性。方法：选择具有野生型p53的人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞系，用5－Fu为诱导剂诱导细胞凋亡；用Northern杂交及Western印迹法检测细胞凋亡过程中p53与bcl－2表达变化的时序性。结果：p53表达增高出现在bcl－2表达降低之前。结论：p53在时序上具有作为bcl－2基因负调控转录因子的可能性。     

夏枯草口服液对雌激素受体阳性乳腺癌细胞凋亡的影响

目的:研究夏枯草口服液对雌激素受体(ER)阳性人乳腺癌细胞凋亡的影响。方法:将ER阳性型人乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7及ER阴性型人乳腺癌细胞系MDA-MB-231、SK-BR-3分别与不同浓度(0、25、50、100 mg/ml)的夏枯草口服液提取物共孵育。采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测细胞存活率;流式细胞术及Annexin V/PI双染色检测细胞周期和细胞凋亡;ELISA法检测雌激素应答基因表达量;Western blot法检测ERα蛋白表达情况。结果:1夏枯草口服液提取物呈剂量依赖性地抑制MCF-7细胞的生长,但对MDAMB-231、SK-BR-3细胞无显著作用。2夏枯草口服液提取物可诱导MCF-7细胞产生凋亡,在mRNA水平降低MCF-7细胞内雌激素应答基因的表达,并降低ERα蛋白表达。结论:夏枯草口服液可诱导ER阳性乳腺癌细胞的凋亡,用于治疗ER阳性乳腺癌。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.