骨科择期手术加速康复预防手术部位感染指南

手术部位感染是骨科择期手术后的严重并发症之一,尤其对于关节置换术或脊柱内固定术更是灾难性的后果,将严重影响患者的术后康复。因此,加强骨科手术部位感染预防是实施骨科择期手术加速康复的重要环节。通过查阅文献,基于国家卫生健康委员会公益性行业科研专项《关节置换术安全性与效果评价》项目组数据库大样本数据分析,遵循循证医学原则,经过全国专家组反复讨论,编制本指南,供广大骨科医师在临床工作中参考。本指南包含四部分:第一部分介绍骨科择期手术手术部位感染危险因素;第二部分是预防手术部位感染的术前措施;第三部分是预防手术部位感染的术中措施;第四部分是预防手术部位感染的术后措施。     

Risk factors and prediction model for inpatient surgical site infection after elective abdominal surgery

BACKGROUND Surgical site infections(SSIs) are the commonest healthcare-associated infection. In addition to increasing mortality, it also lengthens the hospital stay and raises healthcare expenses. SSIs are challenging to predict, with most models having poor predictability. Therefore, we developed a prediction model for SSI after elective abdominal surgery by identifying risk factors.AIM To analyse the data on inpatients undergoing elective abdominal surgery to identify risk factors and develop...     

闭合性踝关节骨折术后发生手术部位感染的危险因素分析

背景:踝关节骨折是临床常见骨折,关于闭合性踝关节骨折术后切口感染的研究相对较少,如何降低术后感染率和切口不愈合风险是手术治疗成功的关键。目的:分析闭合性踝关节骨折患者内固定术后发生手术部位感染(SSI)的危险因素,为临床制订预防控制措施提供参考。方法:回顾性分析2015年5月至2018年5月行手术治疗的206例闭合性踝关节骨折患者,男130例,女76例,年龄21~87岁,平均(48.1±17.5)岁。术后3个月内发生浅表或深部感染的19例为感染组,其余187例为非感染组。对感染组患者的病原菌类型进行分析。记录所有患者发生SSI的潜在危险因素:①患者相关:性别、年龄、体重指数(BMI)、吸烟史、高血压病及糖尿病等合并症;②创伤相关:损伤机制、骨折分型、软组织损伤程度、有无张力性水泡及是否合并脱位等;③手术相关:受伤至手术时间、美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)麻醉分级、手术时间、内置物类型、术中出血量、缝合方法及术后石膏固定等。采用单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析发生SSI的影响因素。结果:SSI发生率为9.2%(19/206),感染组细菌培养阳性率为94.7%(18/19),吸烟史(P=0.034)、手术时间延长(P=0.046)和术后未行石膏固定(P=0.021)是闭合性踝关节骨折术后发生SSI的独立危险因素。结论:对于闭合性踝关节骨折患者,劝告患者术前术后戒烟、有效缩短手术时间、术后早期阶段石膏固定或有利于减少SSI的发生。     

中国人群脊柱术后手术部位感染相关危险因素的Meta分析

目的 :系统评价中国人群脊柱术后手术部位感染(surgical site infection,SSI)的危险因素,为临床制定脊柱术后SSI的预防控制措施提供参考依据。方法:计算机检索Pub Med(1966年1月~2017年5月)、EMBASE(1974年1月~2017年5月)、Cochrane Library(2017年5期)、CNKI(1994年1月~2017年5月)、CBM(1979年1月~2017年5月)、维普(1989年1月~2017年5月)和万方数据库(1982年1月~2017年5月),纳入关于中国人群脊柱术后SSI发生危险因素的病例-对照研究,检索时限均从建库至2017年5月。两名作者分别进行文献检索、资料提取(包括研究地点、研究时间、样本量、年龄、诊断、手术方式以及暴露因素)以及运用Newcastle-Ottawa Scale(NOS)质量评价量表进行质量评价。采用RevMan 5.3软件进行统计学分析。结果:共纳入29篇文献,包括18486例患者,其中感染组932例,对照组17554例。根据NOS文献质量评价标准进行质量评价,A级文献19篇,B级文献10篇。Meta分析结果显示,与中国人群脊柱术后SSI发生相关的危险因素有:性别(男性)[OR=1.33,95%CI(1.08,1.64),P0.05]、年龄(60岁)[OR=1.44,95%CI(1.01,2.04),P0.05]、肥胖[OR=2.64,95%CI(1.35,5.15),P0.05]、糖尿病[OR=3.86,95%CI(2.68,5.55),P0.05]、感染史[OR=6.64,95%CI(1.29,34.29),P0.05]、美国麻醉医师协会(American Society of Anesthesiologists,ASA)评分(2分)[OR=2.72,95%CI(1.38,5.38),P0.05]、尿失禁[OR=6.32,95%CI(3.40,11.76),P0.05]、脑血管疾病[OR=5.73,95%CI(1.62,20.35),P0.05],同种异体骨植骨[OR=3.02,95%CI(1.09,8.34),P0.05]、手术时间(3h)[OR=3.44,95%CI(1.92,6.13),P0.05]、失血量(1000ml)[OR=2.40,95%CI(1.73,4.77),P0.05]、输血[OR=2.61,95%CI(1.36,5.01),P0.05]、融合节段(3个)[OR=2.23,95%CI(1.55,3.23),P0.05]、没有预防性使用抗生素[OR=5.43,95%CI(2.66,11.08),P0.05]、术中参观人员[OR=2.28,95%CI(1.19,4.37),P0.05]。结论 :男性、年龄60岁、肥胖、糖尿病、感染史、ASA评分2分、尿失禁、脑血管疾病、同种异体骨植骨、手术时间3h、失血量1000ml、输血、融合节段3个、没有预防性使用抗生素、术中参观人员均为国人脊柱术后发生SSI的危险因素。     

颈椎后路术后手术部位感染的术中危险因素分析

目的 :探讨颈椎后路术后手术部位感染(surgical site infection,SSI)的术中危险因素。方法:回顾性分析2007年1月~2016年12月在北京大学第三医院骨科颈椎组住院接受颈椎后路手术的患者,患者主要诊断包括脊髓型颈椎病、颈椎外伤、颈椎后纵韧带骨化症等。筛选出术后发生SSI的病例(SSI组)。再从未感染的患者中按1∶4的比例随机抽取对应数量的患者作为对照(非感染组)。收集两组患者的性别、年龄、术前改良JOA(m JOA)评分、术前诊断、手术方式、内科合并症情况、体质量指数(BMI)、吸烟史、术中出血量、术中放置引流管数量、术中回输血量、手术节段以及手术时间等指标进行单因素分析,根据单因素分析结果进行二因素Logistic回归分析,分析与SSI相关的术中危险因素,并进一步使用受试者工作曲线分析确定危险因素的临界值。结果:10年间共有3720例患者在我院骨科颈椎组接受颈椎后路手术,手术方式主要包括颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形术、颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形+侧块螺钉固定术、颈后路椎管后壁切除+侧块螺钉固定术。其中13例患者发生SSI,发生率为0.35%(13/3720),女3例,男10例,年龄为58.38±2.52岁。从未发生SSI的患者中随机抽取52例患者作为对照组(非感染组)。两组患者年龄、性别比、术前m JOA评分、术前诊断、手术方式、内科合并症情况、BMI、术中输血量等均无统计学差异(P0.05),吸烟、术中出血量、术中放置引流管数量、手术节段以及手术时间有统计学差异(P0.05)。将有统计学差异的五个因素纳入二因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示术中出血量和手术时间为颈椎后路术后SSI的独立术中危险因素;其临界值分别为180ml及84.5min。结论:术中出血量多、手术时间长,术后发生SSI的风险高。     

脊柱后路内固定手术后手术部位感染的危险因素及治疗策略

目的:探讨脊柱后路内固定手术后手术部位感染的相关危险因素及治疗策略。方法 :回顾性分析2015年1月～2018年1月在我院骨科行脊柱后路内固定手术患者3780例。其中男性1970例,女性1810例,年龄18～92岁(44.9±18.4岁),随访1.5±0.3年。根据患者术后1年内是否出现感染分为感染组和非感染组。收集两组患者的年龄(是否>60岁)、性别、体质指数(body mass index,BMI)(是否>30kg/m²)、融合节段(是否>2个)、手术持续时间(是否>3h)、低蛋白血症(白蛋白是否<35g/L)、是否贫血、是否合并糖尿病、是否异体输血、术后引流时间(是否>48h)、失血量(是否>1000ml)以及是否合并其他部位感染等资料进行独立样本t检验。对阳性结果进行进一步多因素Logistic回归分析,将感染组根据感染灶是否穿破深筋膜分为浅表感染组和深部感染组,收集感染组细菌培养结果,χ²检验分析病原菌构成比。结果:3780例患者中发生手术部位感染患者95例,感染发生率为2.51%,其中男性...     

Surgical site infection following elective orthopaedic surgeries in geriatric patients: Incidence and associated risk factors

The purposes of this study were to investigate the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) following geriatric elective orthopaedic surgeries and identify the associated risk factors This was a retrospective two‐institution study. Between January 2014 and September 2017, patients aged 60 years or older undergoing elective orthopaedic surgeries were included for data collection and analysis. SSI was identified through the review of patients' medical records for the index surgery and through the readmission diagnosis of SSI. Patients' demographics, characteristics of disease, surgery‐related variables, and laboratory examination indexes were inquired and documented. Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses were performed to determine independent risk factors for SSI. There were 4818 patients undergoing elective orthopaedic surgeries, and within postoperative 1 year, 74 patients were identified to develop SSIs; therefore, the overall incidence of SSI was 3.64%, with 0.4% for deep and 1.1% for superficial infection. Staphylococcus aureus (25/47, 53.2%) and coagulase‐negative staphylococci (11/47, 23.4%) were the most common causative pathogens; half of S. aureus SSIs were caused by Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (12/25, 48.0%). Five risk factors were identified to be independently associated with SSI, including diabetes mellitus (odds ratio [OR], 3.7; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.7‐5.6), morbid obesity (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.3‐3.9), tobacco smoking (OR, 4.2; 95% CI, 2.1‐6.4), surgical duration>75th percentile (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.0‐2.9), and ALB < 35.0 g/L (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.3‐3.4). We recommend the optimisation of modifiable risk factors such as morbid obesity, tobacco smoking, and lower serum albumin level prior to surgeries to reduce the risk of SSI.     

腰椎术后手术部位感染的危险因素分析及列线图模型建立

目的 探讨开放性腰椎后入路手术患者术后手术部位感染（SSI）的相关危险因素,并建立与验证术后SSI的列线图风险预测模型。
方法 选择2017年1月至2021年12月行开放性腰椎后入路手术的患者920例,男422例,女498例,年龄≥18岁,BMI≥18.5 kg/m²,ASA Ⅰ—Ⅳ级。将患者按照7∶3随机分为训练数据集和验证数据集,并基于训练数据集建立预测模型。采用Lasso回归结合二元Logistic回归最终筛选的预测因素构建列线图模型。使用C指数、校准曲线及决策曲线（DCA）等对列线图模型的区分度、校准度及临床适用度进行分析评估。
结果 本研究中发生SSI的有17例（1.85%）,训练集中有10例（1.55%）,验证集中有7例（2.54%）。列线图模型中的预测因素包括术前低白蛋白血症（OR=36.928,95%CI 6.585～235.997,P<0.001）、肥胖（BMI≥28.0 kg/m²）（OR=4.994,95%CI 1.202～24.781,P=0.032）和术后3天内切口渗出（OR=6.133,95%CI 1.473～28.775,P=0.014）。该模型的C指数为0.879（95%CI 0.760～0.998）。校准曲线显示良好的一致性。DCA曲线分析显示当SSI发生风险阈值＞1%时,该列线图更具临床价值。
结论 术前低白蛋白血症、肥胖及术后3 d内切口渗出是行开放性腰椎后入路患者术后发生SSI的危险因素,基于以上危险因素构建的风险预测模型可以较好地预测术后SSI的发生。     

Surgical site infection in spinal surgery: a comparative study between 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate and staples for wound closure

Background

Surgical site infection (SSI) after spinal surgery is a devastating complication. Various methods of skin closure are used in spinal surgery, but the optimal skin-closure method remains unclear. A recent report recommended against the use of metal staples for skin closure in orthopedic surgery. 2-Octyl-cyanoacrylate (Dermabond; Ethicon, NJ, USA) has been widely applied for wound closure in various surgeries. In this cohort study, we assessed the rate of SSI in spinal surgery using metal staples and 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate for wound closure.

Methods

This study enrolled 609 consecutive patients undergoing spinal surgery in our hospital. From April 2007 to March 2010 surgical wounds were closed with metal staples (group 1, n = 294). From April 2010 to February 2012 skin closure was performed using 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate (group 2, n = 315). We assessed the rate of SSI using these two different methods of wound closure. Prospective study of the time and cost evaluation of wound closure was performed between two groups.

Results

Patients in the 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate group had more risk factors for SSI than those in the metal-staple group. Nonetheless, eight patients in the metal-staple group compared with none in the 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate group acquired SSIs (p < 0.01). The closure of the wound in length of 10 cm with 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate could save 28 s and $13.5.

Conclusions

This study reveals that in spinal surgery, wound closure using 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate was associated with a lower rate of SSI than wound closure with staples. Moreover, the use of 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate has a more time saving effect and cost-effectiveness than the use of staples in wound closure of 10 cm in length.     

脊柱术后手术部位感染的危险因素分析

目的 :分析脊柱术后手术部位感染的危险因素,总结降低脊柱术后手术部位感染发生率的经验。方法 :收集我科自1995年1月~2015年12月实施脊柱开放手术患者的资料,对文献中常见脊柱术后感染高危因素高龄、糖尿病、肥胖、长手术时间、内固定置入、输血、长期吸烟史、类固醇激素服用史、全身其他部位感染、脑脊液漏、二次手术、后路手术等进行统计并行单因素卡方检验,筛选出阳性危险因素,对阳性危险因素进行多因素Logistic回归分析。结果:共有3964例患者实施脊柱开放手术,术后36例发生手术部位感染,其中男9例,女27例;年龄16~76岁(61.2±3.6岁)。其中合并糖尿病者12例,全身其他部位感染(包括慢性感染)3例,类固醇激素服用史(自身免疫性、代谢性疾病)1例。单因素卡方检验提示高龄、糖尿病、肥胖、长手术时间、内固定置入、输血是脊柱术后感染相关阳性危险因素。长期吸烟史、类固醇激素服用史、全身其他部分感染、脑脊液漏、二次手术、后路手术与脊柱术后感染无相关性。多因素Logistic回归分析提示:高龄、糖尿病、输血、内固定置入及长手术时间会增加脊柱术后手术部位感染的风险,其中长时间手术、肥胖、输血导致脊柱术后手术部位感染的风险最高,其次是糖尿病和内固定置入,而高龄在所有阳性危险因素中导致脊柱术后手术部位感染的风险最小。结论:肥胖、高龄、糖尿病、输血、内固定置入及长手术时间会增加脊柱术后手术部位感染的发生风险。对于有相关危险因素的患者,应尽早控制相关危险因素,加强围手术期预防以降低脊柱术后手术部位感染的风险。     

Pilon骨折手术部位感染的危险因素分析

目的：探讨Pilon骨折手术部位感染的相关危险因素.方法：从创伤骨科资料室收集自2006年1月至2012年12月共561例采用切开复位钢板接骨术治疗的Pilon骨折,感染组33例,男23例,女10例,年龄21～69岁,平均（45.50±4.40）岁;非感染组528例,男296例,女232例,年龄16～76岁,平均（43.50±7.19）岁.年龄、性别、吸烟、糖尿病、饮酒、开放性骨折、骨筋膜室综合征及手术时间纳入可能的危险因素作为研究对象,统计学方法先采用单变量分析,有显著意义的危险因素再采用多变量的Logistic回归分析.结果：Pilon骨折手术部位感染率为5.88％,单变量分析发现感染组与非感染组之间的手术时间、开放性骨折以及骨筋膜室综合征差异有统计学意义,而多变量的Logistic回归分析却发现仅手术时间与手术部位感染显著相关（P=0.005,OR=44.92）.结论：手术时间是Pilon骨折切开复位钢板接骨术后手术部位感染的独立预测指标,而开放性骨折和骨筋膜综合征虽能增加手术部位感染率,却不是Pilon骨折切开复位钢板接骨术后手术部位感染的独立预测指标.     

Incidence rate and risk factors of surgical wound infection in general surgery patients: A cross-sectional study

Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are considered a major challenge in health care systems. One of the main HAIs, playing an important role in increased morbidity and mortality, is surgical wound infection. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the incidence rate and risk factors of surgical wound infection in general surgery patients. This cross-sectional study was performed on 506 patients undergoing general surgery at Razi hospital in Rasht from 2019 to 2020. Bacterial isolates, antibiotic susceptibility pattern, antibiotic administration, and its type, operation duration and shift, the urgency of surgery, people involved in changing dressings, length of hospitalisation, and levels of haemoglobin, albumin, and white blood cells after surgery were assessed. The frequency of surgical wound infection and its association with patient characteristics and laboratory results were evaluated. The SPSS software package (version 16.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used to analyse the data. Quantitative and qualitative variables were presented using mean (standard deviation) and number (percentage). The Shapiro–Wilk test was used to evaluate the normality of the data in this study. The data did not have a normal distribution. Hence, χ² and Fisher's exact tests were used to evaluate the relationship between variables. Surgical wound infection occurred in 4.7% (24 cases) of patients with a mean age of 59.34 (SD = 14.61) years. Preoperative (>3 days) and postoperative (>7 days) hospitalisation, history of immunodeficiency (P < 0.001), and interns responsible for changing dressings (P = 0.021) were associated with surgical wound infection incidence. About 9.5% and 4.4% of surgical wound infection cases were significantly associated with pre- and postoperative antibiotic use. Gram-positive cocci were the most prevalent strains isolated from 24 surgical wound infection cases (15/24, 62.5%). Among these, Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant species, followed by coagulase-negative staphylococci. In addition, the most common Gram-negative isolates identified were Escherichia coli bacteria. Overall, administration of antibiotics, emergency surgery, surgery duration, and levels of white blood cells and creatinine were identified as surgical wound infection-associated risk factors. Identifying important risk factors could help control or prevent surgical wound infections.     

A methodological, systematic review of evidence-based independent risk factors for surgical site infections after spinal surgery

Objective

To identify the independent risk factors, based on available evidence in the literature, for patients developing surgical site infections (SSI) after spinal surgery.

Methods

Non-interventional studies evaluating the independent risk factors for patients developing SSI following spinal surgery were searched in Medline, Embase, Sciencedirect and OVID. The quality of the included studies was assessed by a modified quality assessment tool that had been previously designed for observational studies. The effects of studies were combined with the study quality score using a best-evidence synthesis model.

Results

Thirty-six observational studies involving 2,439 patients with SSI after spinal surgery were identified. The included studies covered a wide range of indications and surgical procedures. These articles were published between 1998 and 2012. According to the quality assessment criteria for included studies, 15 studies were deemed to be high-quality studies, 5 were moderate-quality studies, and 16 were low-quality studies. A total of 46 independent factors were evaluated for risk of SSI. There was strong evidence for six factors, including obesity/BMI, longer operation times, diabetes, smoking, history of previous SSI and type of surgical procedure. We also identified 8 moderate-evidence, 31 limited-evidence and 1 conflicting-evidence factors.

Conclusion

Although there is no conclusive evidence for why postoperative SSI occurs, these data provide evidence to guide clinicians in admitting patients who will have spinal operations and to choose an optimal prophylactic strategy. Further research is still required to evaluate the effects of these above risk factors.     

普外科围手术期静脉血栓栓塞疾病发生的高危因素分析

目的探讨普外科病人围手术期静脉血栓栓塞疾病(venous thromboembolism,VTE)发生的危险因素及其预防措施。方法回顾性分析42例普外科围手术期并发VTE病人的临床资料,并与具有相同术式、相同基础疾病(包括高血压、糖尿病、高血脂)但术后未发生VTE的84例(1:2)配对病人的临床资料进行对比分析。结果血栓组与对照组比较,两组病人在手术持续时间(χ~2=5.046、P=0.025)、手术术式(χ~2=4.645、P=0.031)、围手术期止血药物(χ~2=7.000、P=0.008)、围手术期血栓预防措施(χ~2=8.124、P=0.044)中差异均有统计学意义,而在术中失血量、术中有无输血、长期激素类药物应用、既往血栓性疾病史方面差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,手术方式(OR=0.030,95%CI:0.003~0.271)、围手术期血栓预防措施(OR=0.072,95%CI:0.009~0.591)是术后VTE发生的独立影响因素。结论普外科手术病人术前应进行危险因素评估,尤其是那些肥胖合并高血压、糖尿病、高血脂以及围手术期接受止血药物治疗、手术需开腹且时间可能较长的病人,应该提高警惕,术后采取积极的多种联合预防措施,以减少术后VTE的发生。     

后路腰椎内固定术后手术部位感染的危险因素分析

目的:探讨后路腰椎内固定术后手术部位感染的危险因素,为降低手术部位感染的发生率提供参考依据。方法:回顾我科2016年1月1日～2018年12月31日实施后路腰椎内固定手术的1073例患者,男516例,女557例,年龄18～84岁(54.67±13.23岁),将术后手术部位感染的患者纳入感染组,其余患者纳入非感染组。收集两组患者的性别、年龄、诊断、体重指数(BMI)、合并糖尿病和高血压情况、手术时间、术中出血量、是否输血、吸烟史、术前美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级、术前使用激素情况、内固定节段数、是否固定至慨骨或骨盆、是否为翻修手术、手术开始时段等资料,进行单因素分析,对阳性结果进行多因素Logistic回归分析。结果:1073例患者中发生手术部位感染19例,感染发生率为1.77%,其中男11例,女8例,年龄18～77岁(54.89±16.67岁)。单因素分析显示两组肥胖(BMI≥28kg/m~2)、合并糖尿病、手术时间、手术开始时段等因素存在统计学差异(P0.05);性别、年龄、疾病种类、合并高血压、出血量、是否输血、吸烟史、术前ASA分级、术前使用激素、内固定节段数、是否固定至慨骨或骨盆、是否为翻修手术等因素无统计学差异(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归结果显示肥胖(OR=6.704,P=0.005)、合并糖尿病(OR=4.071,P=0.008)、较长手术时间(OR=7.102,P=0.000)、手术开始时段为晚间(OR=3.981,P=0.018)是术后手术部位感染的独立危险因素。结论:肥胖、合并糖尿病、较长手术时间、手术开始时段为晚间的患者后路腰椎内固定术后发生手术部位感染的风险较高,应采取有针对性的预防措施,以期最大限度降低术后手术部位感染的发生。     

Bariatric surgery before elective posterior lumbar fusion is associated with reduced medical complications and infection

Background context

Severely obese patients with operative spinal pathology present a challenge to the spine surgeon, given the increased complication risk.

重症急性胰腺炎早期感染的危险因素分析

目的：探讨重症急性胰腺炎（ＳＡＰ）早期胰腺感染的易感因素。方法：将１９９８年１月～２０００年１２目间收治重症急性胰腺炎６８例,根据发病后２局内胰腺是否继发感染．分为感染组和非感染组,并分析其易感因素。结果：胰腺继发感染的总发主率为４１．２％;ＡＰＡＣＨＥ ＩＩ积分与胰腺感染发生之间呈明显的正相关性（ｒ＝０．３１,Ｐ＜０．０１）;放置胃管≥７天、肠切能障碍≥５天、施行腹腔灌洗手术、胰腺有坏死及胆源性胰腺炎等危险因素与 ＳＡＰ患者继发胰腺感染的发生率明显相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）;其余各影响因素与胰腺感染均无明显联系（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论：胃肠道功能障碍≥５天、胆源性胰腺炎、早期胰腺明显坏死和腹腔灌洗引流等是ＳＡＰ自期胰腺感染的主要易感因素。     

Dialysis is an independent risk factor for perioperative adverse events,readmission, reoperation,and mortality for patients undergoing elective spine surgery

Background Context

The prevalence of dialysis-dependent patients in the United States is growing. Prior studies evaluating the risk of perioperative adverse events for dialysis-dependent patients are either institutional cohort studies limited by patient numbers or administrative database studies limited to inpatient data.

乙肝病毒感染对腰椎后路单节段开放融合固定术切口愈合的影响及相关因素分析

目的:对比观察乙肝病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染者与非HBV感染者腰椎后路单节段开放融合固定术后切口愈合情况,探讨HBV感染对切口愈合的影响及相关因素。方法:回顾分析2011年1月~2016年6月我院收治并因腰椎退变性疾病行单节段腰椎后路开放融合固定术患者共1562例,其中HBV感染者148(9.5%)例,根据纳入排除标准最终共121例纳入观察组;以同样纳入排除标准随机选择与观察组年龄、性别、手术时间段相匹配121例非HBV感染患者作为对照组。比较两组患者切口愈合情况;比较观察组中切口愈合不良(乙级愈合:切口红肿、渗出、硬结、血肿、脂肪液化、裂开;丙级愈合:切口感染)患者与切口愈合良好(甲级愈合)患者年龄、性别、体重指数(BMI)、手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴细胞总数、肝功能异常(AST40U/L或ALT50U/L)、HBV-DNA(+)情况。结果:观察组121例患者中,乙级愈合11例,丙级愈合5例;对照组121例中,乙级愈合4例,丙级愈合2例。观察组与对照组切口感染率差异无统计学意义(P0.05),观察组与对照组切口愈合不良差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组中切口愈合不良组与切口愈合良好组患者性别、年龄、手术时间、淋巴细胞总数无统计学差异(P0.05);术前肝功能异常病例数、HBV-DNA(+)病例数、术中出血量有统计学差异(P0.05)。观察组术后HBV再激活23例,与未激活患者相比年龄、手术时间、术中出血、HBV-DNA(+)病例数差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:HBV感染患者行腰椎后路单节段开放融合固定术切口愈合不良发生率较非HBV感染者更高;肝功能异常(AST40U/L或ALT50U/L)、HBV-DNA(+)、术中出血多是HBV感染者切口愈合不良的危险因素。腰椎后路单节段开放融合固定术可导致乙肝病毒再激活,与年龄较大、手术时间较长、术中出血较多、术前HBV-DNA(+)有关。     

Patient-related risk factors for urinary retention following ambulatory general surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

Postoperative urinary retention (POUR) is a source of avoidable patient harm. The aim of this review is to identify and quantify the role of patient-related risk factors in the development of POUR following ambulatory general surgery.

Methods

Studies published until December 2014 were identified by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases. Risk factors assessed in 3 or more studies were meta-analyzed.

Results

Twenty-one studies were suitable for inclusion consisting of 7,802 patients. The incidence of POUR was 14%. Increased age and the presence of lower urinary tract symptoms significantly increased risk with odds ratios [ORs] of 2.11 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15 to 3.86) and 2.83 (1.57 to 5.08), respectively. Male sex was not associated with developing POUR (OR .96, 95% CI .62 to 1.50). Preoperative α-blocker use significantly decreased the incidence of POUR with an OR of .37 (95% CI .15 to .91).

Conclusions

Increased age and the presence of lower urinary tract symptoms increase the risk of POUR, while α-blocker use confers protection. Male sex was not associated with POUR. These findings assist in preoperative identification of patients at high risk of POUR.