HPCE测定夏枯草中迷迭香酸含量

目的 建立高效毛细管电泳法测定夏枯草中迷迭香酸的含量。方法 采用毛细管区带电泳法。电泳条件为：石英毛细管柱(75 μm×60 cm);运行缓冲液：20 mmol·L^-1的硼砂溶液(pH 9.88);分离电压18 kV;进样时间为5 s;温度为25℃,检测波长为 330 nm。结果 迷迭香酸在20.4~163.2 μg·mL^-1内线性关系良好(r=0.999 4);平均回收率为97.7%,RSD为1.6%。结论 该方法简便、快速、准确并且专属性强,可用于测定夏枯草中迷迭香酸的含量。     

HPCE法测定夏枯草中咖啡酸含量

目的建立高效毛细管电泳法测定夏枯草中咖啡酸的含量。方法采用石英毛细管柱;运行缓冲液：20mmol.L-1的硼砂溶液（pH=9.88）;分离电压：18kV;进样时间：5s;温度：25℃,检测波长：323nm。结果咖啡酸在10.281.6μg.mL-1内线性关系良好;r=0.9992;平均回收率为96.7%,RSD为1.97%。结论该方法简便、快速、准确并且专属性强。     

夏枯草中活性成分的毛细管区带电泳-电化学检测

目的：建立毛细管区带电泳-电化学检测（CZE—ED）法同时测定夏枯草中芦丁、伞形花内酯、金丝桃苷、对香豆酸、迷迭香酸和咖啡酸6种活性成分的含量。方法：采用自组装的毛细管区带电泳-电化学检测系统，75cm长熔融石英毛细管（内径25μm，外径360μm），直径300μm的碳圆盘工作电极，工作电极电位为0．95V（vs．SCE），分离电压为16kv，运行液为60mmol·L^-1的硼酸盐缓冲溶液（pH9．0），进样时间为8s。结果：6种组分的浓度和峰电流在2～3个数量级范围内呈良好线性关系，最低检测限范围为1．42×10^-8～3．75×10^-7g·mL^-1。结论：该法成功地将夏枯草中的上述6种活性成分进行分离和检测，得到了理想的结果。     

毛细管胶束电动色谱法测定夏枯草中齐墩果酸、熊果酸含量

目的：建立毛细管胶束色谱法测定夏枯草中齐墩果酸、熊果酸的含量。方法：采用毛细管胶束色谱法。电泳条件为：石英毛细管柱（75μm×50cm）;分离电压30kV;进样时间为5s;温度为25℃,检测波长为210nm。结果：①齐墩果酸在0．0548-0．6576mg／ml内线性关系良好,RSD=2.3％;②熊果酸在0．1024-0．8192mg／ml内线性关系良好,RSD=2．0％。结论：该方法简便、快速、准确并且专属性强,可用于测定夏枯草中齐墩果酸、熊果酸的含量。     

毛细管电泳色谱法测定地骨皮中香草酸的含量

目的:建立毛细管电泳色谱法测定地骨皮中香草酸含量的方法。方法:电泳条件为石英毛细管柱（75μm×60cm）;运行缓冲液:20mmol·L^-1的硼砂溶液;再生液:0.1mol·L^-1氢氧化钠溶液;分离电压14kV;进样时间为5s;温度为25℃,检测波长为260nm。结果:香草酸在26.3～104.8μg·ml^-1范围内呈良好线性关系,r=0.9997,平均回收率97.53%（RSD=1.51%）。结论:该方法准确、可靠并且专属性强。     

HPCE法测定卡马西平片的含量

目的：建立高效毛细管电泳（HPCE）法测定卡马西平片含量的方法。方法：采用熔融石英毛细管（27cm×50μm）作为分离通道;以30mmol·L^-1磷酸氢二钠溶液（pH=8．0）含75mmol·L^-1十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）为运行缓冲液;分离电压18KV;毛细管柱温30℃,检测波长280nm。压力进样10s。结果：卡马西平在5～160μg·ml^-1浓度范围内线性关系良好（r=0．9997）,平均回收率为99．9％,RSD5．8％。结论：方法简便、快速,可用于控制卡马西平片的质量。     

HPLC法同时测定丹参中原儿茶醛、迷迭香酸、丹酚酸A的含量

目的：建立用HPLC同时测定丹参药材中丹酚酸A,原儿茶醛,迷迭香酸含量的方法。方法：采用色谱柱为LinksilODS色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）;流动相为1%的冰醋酸水溶液∶乙腈=7∶3;流速为0.8 ml·min-1;检测波长为280 nm;柱温为30℃,进样量20μl。结果：丹酚酸A、原儿茶醛、迷迭香酸的线性范围均为3~300μg·ml-1（r〉0.999 0）,加样回收率在95.22%~99.68%之间,RSD均小于2%（n=5）。结论：该方法快速准确,重复性好,可用于丹参药材的质量控制。     

毛细管电泳法测定一清软胶囊中盐酸小檗碱的含量

目的建立毛细管电泳法测定一清软胶囊中盐酸小檗碱含量的方法。方法采用甲醇溶液提取一清软胶囊样品,通过高效毛细管电泳法,测量盐酸小檗碱的含量。熔融石英毛细管柱（47cm×75m,有效长度40cm）;缓冲液体系为：60mmol/L磷酸缓冲溶液-甲醇（65：35）,pH=3·5;分离电压30KV;毛细管柱温25℃;检测波长200nm;进样时间5s。结果盐酸小檗碱在进样浓度为0·03018~0·08048mg/ml内线性关系良好（r=0·9998）,平均加样加收率为99·94%,RSD为1·134%。结论该方法简便、快捷、灵敏度高、重现性好,可用于一清软胶囊中小糪碱含量的测定。     

硫酸长春地辛的高效毛细管电泳分析

目的：用高效毛细管电泳法测定硫酸长春地辛的含量。考察不同试验条件下硫酸长春地辛的胶束动电毛细管电泳行为。方法：选择５ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１十二烷基硫酸钠、５０ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１硼砂溶液（ｐＨ７７）为运行缓冲液,毛细管有效长度是５０ｃｍ（ＩＤ７５μｍ）,以烟酰胺为内标,于２６０ｎｍ波长处测定。结果：在５８～５８０μｇ·ｍＬ－１浓度范围内呈良好线性,平均回收率达１００１％,ＲＳＤ为１８％（ｎ＝５）。     

高效毛细管电泳法测定泰诺林滴剂中对乙酰氨基酚的含量

目的建立高效毛细管电泳法测定泰诺林滴剂中对乙酰氨基酚的含量.方法采用高效毛细管电泳法,电泳缓冲液为磷酸盐(50mmol·L-1)-SDS(20mmol·L-1),pH=6.8,检测波长为257nm.结果在20.0～160.0μg·mL-1 间线性良好,相关系数r=0.9996,日内和日间RSD分别为1.5%和2.8%,加样平均回收率为99.8%,对乙酰氨基酚的检测限为2.3μg·mL-1.结论本方法能快速、简便、经济地测定泰诺林滴剂中对乙酰氨基酚的含量,可用于临床检验和药物制剂的质量控制.     

Physical activity as a coping strategy for smoking cessation in mid-life and older adults

Smoking prevalence for those ages 45–65 is higher than the national average and the number of mid-life and older smokers is expected to increase as baby boomers age. Cessation, even after age 65, confers health benefits. Both physiologic and psychological mechanisms support use of physical activity (PA) as a coping tool for quitting and improving health. This study focused on use of PA for coping with urges to smoke, factors associated with use, and whether use of PA was associated with abstinence at 12 months for 799 smokers ages 50 and older. Only 11.6% used PA for coping, with walking the most common PA. Females were more likely to use PA relative to males. Though in the predicted direction, use of PA was not significantly associated with 12-month abstinence. Male gender and higher baseline self-efficacy to quit were associated with 12 month abstinence. Encouraging use of PA during smoking cessation does not impede quitting and may improve health outcomes. Further research on whether PA increases abstinence with a larger sample of mid-life and older adults is indicated.     

Mechanism of Lethal Toxin Neutralization by a Human Monoclonal Antibody Specific for the PA(20) Region of Bacillus anthracis Protective Antigen

The primary immunogenic component of the currently approved anthrax vaccine is the protective antigen (PA) unit of the binary toxin system. PA-specific antibodies neutralize anthrax toxins and protect against infection. Recent research has determined that in humans, only antibodies specific for particular determinants are capable of effecting toxin neutralization, and that the neutralizing epitopes recognized by these antibodies are distributed throughout the PA monomer. The mechanisms by which the majority of these epitopes effect neutralization remain unknown. In this report we investigate the process by which a human monoclonal antibody specific for the amino-terminal domain of PA neutralizes lethal toxin in an in vitro assay of cytotoxicity, and find that it neutralizes LT by blocking the requisite cleavage of the amino-terminal 20 kD portion of the molecule (PA(20)) from the remainder of the PA monomer. We also demonstrate that the epitope recognized by this human monoclonal does not encompass the (166)RKKR(169) furin recognition sequence in domain 1 of PA.     

Alcohol Consumption and Physical Activity in Austrian College Students—A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: The age of college students is considered as crucial for developing health-related behaviors, e.g., alcohol consumption or a physically active lifestyle. Previous research reported a positive relationship between alcohol consumption and physical activity (PA) in college students. However, the main body of research was done in students from the United States who might differ from European students. Objectives: Thus the aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between alcohol consumption and PA in a sample of Austrian college students. Methods: In a cross-sectional design, 861 Austrian students from various study fields responded to a web-based questionnaire. Self-reported alcohol consumption, PA, and relevant sociodemographic variables were assessed. Multiple regression analyses were used to study the relationship between alcohol consumption and PA. Results: In none of the regression models, a significant relationship between alcohol consumption and PA was found. There was a significant influence of sex, age, relationship status, education level, and study field on alcohol consumption. Male, older, and undergraduate students studying social sciences without a relationship reported higher alcohol consumption. Conclusions/Importance: The results do not support a general relationship between alcohol consumption and PA among urban Austrian college students of various study fields. Compared to other variables (e.g., sex, relationship status), PA seems to be less important in relation to the consumption of alcohol. This study challenges a global perspective on a positive relationship between alcohol consumption and PA and highlights the need for more cross-cultural investigations.     

耐碳青霉烯类铜绿假单胞菌感染的危险因素及治疗的研究进展

铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa,PA)是院内感染常见病原菌之一。碳青霉烯类抗生素是治疗铜绿假单胞菌重症感染的重要抗生素,近年来碳青霉烯类抗生素对铜绿假单胞菌耐药率呈明显上升趋势,给临床治疗带来巨大挑战。因此,分析耐碳青霉烯类铜绿假单胞菌(Carbapenem-resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa,CRPA)感染的危险因素,了解其治疗的研究进展非常必要。本文从CRPA感染危险因素、治疗CRPA的新药、PA中多黏菌素耐药基因mcr-1基因、联合治疗方案和新的研究思路等方面对国内外最新研究进展进行综述。     

广枣提取物大鼠肠外翻的吸收研究

目的研究广枣提取物中2种主要代表性成分没食子酸和原儿茶酸在大鼠不同肠段、不同时间的吸收规律。方法构建大鼠肠外翻模型,应用HPLC法测定广枣提取物肠吸收液中没食子酸和原儿茶酸含量,计算其吸收参数,并分析其在大鼠小肠不同部位、不同时间的吸收特征。结果 2.5h为肠外翻最终检测时间点,在建立的分析色谱条件下,没食子酸和原儿茶酸色谱峰处台氏液和广枣提取物中其他成分对其无干扰,专属性良好。广枣提取物中原儿茶酸和没食子酸在各肠段均为线性吸收,r2值均达到0.90以上,不同肠道部位的累计吸收结果为:十二指肠>空肠>回肠>结肠。结论广枣提取物中原儿茶酸和没食子酸在肠道的吸收特征符合零级吸收速率,其最佳吸收部位为十二指肠。     

Intranasal delivery of paeoniflorin nanocrystals for brain targeting

Paeoniflorin (PA) is an anti-Parkinson Chinese medicine with inferior bioavailability and difficulty in delivery to the brain. This research is to develop an efficacious PA nanocrystal formulation (PA-NCs) that is suitable for intranasal administration to treat Parkinson's disease (PD). PA-NCs were fabricated through an antisolvent precipitation method using TPGS as the stabilizer. The rod-shaped PA-NCs had particle size of 139.6 ± 1.3 nm and zeta potential of −23.2 ± 0.529 mV. A molecular dynamics simulation indicated that van der Waals forces are the primary drivers of interactions between PA and TPGS. In the ex vivo nasal mucosa permeation assay, the cumulative drug release at 24 h was 87.14% ± 5.34%, which was significantly higher than that of free PA. PA-NCs exhibited substantially improved cellular uptake as well as permeability on Calu-3 cells as compared to PA alone. FRET imaging analysis demonstrated that intact NCs could be internalized into Calu-3 cells. Moreover, PA-NCs conferred desirable protective effect against MPP⁺-induced SH-SY5Y cellular damage. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed a higher PA concentration in the brain following intranasal delivery of PA-NCs. In summary, the intranasal administration of PA-NCs is a promising treatment strategy for PD.     

Pea Albumin 1 subunit b (PA1b), a promising bioinsecticide of plant origin

PA1b (Pea Albumin 1, subunit b) is a peptide extract from pea seeds showing significant insecticidal activity against certain insects, such as cereal weevils (genus Sitophilus), the mosquitoes Culex pipiens and Aedes aegyptii, and certain species of aphids. PA1b has great potential for use on an industrial scale and for use in organic farming: it is extracted from a common plant; it is a peptide (and therefore suitable for transgenic applications); it can withstand many steps of extraction and purification without losing its activity; and it is present in a seed regularly consumed by humans and mammals without any known toxicity or allergenicity. The potential of this peptide to limit pest damage has stimulated research concerning its host range, its mechanism of action, its three-dimensional structure, the natural diversity of PA1b and its structure-function relationships.     

Serine-proteases as plasminogen activators in terms of fibrinolysis

Objectives This review should give an overview about the natural human plasminogen activators and their various modified variants as well as similar substances isolated from animals, microorganisms and plants. When a blood clot is formed in a blood vessel, it avoids the oxygen supply of the surrounding tissue. A fast fibrinolytic therapy should redissolve the blood vessel and reduce the degradation of the tissue. All proteases that are part of the human blood coagulation and fibrinolytic system belong to the serine protease family. t‐PA (tissue plasminogen activator) and u‐PA (urokinase plasminogen activator) are the naturally occurring fibrinolytic agents that are also used in therapy. Key findings Despite many years of research, t‐PA is still the gold standard in fibrinolytic therapy. But it has to be given as an infusion, which needs time. Modified fibrinolytic substances are, were, or perhaps will be in the market. They have different advantages over t‐PA, but often the disadvantages predominate. Conclusion Many substances have been developed but an optimal fibrinolytic agent combined with a simple administration is not in therapeutic use to date.     

Physical Activity Interventions to Decrease Substance Use in Youth: A Review of the Literature

Background: Adolescent substance use, a major problem in the United States, has a significant negative effect on both short- and long-term mental and physical health. Physical activity (PA) may offer potentially effective strategies to combat substance use in youth. Like substance use, PA behaviors developed during adolescence persist into adulthood, so adolescence may be an ideal period in which to implement PA interventions to prevent substance abuse. However, there are no known systematic literature reviews of PA-based interventions that target substance use in adolescence. Objectives: To review PA interventions for adolescents, including research designs, intervention characteristics, and measures of substance use. Methods: Five databases were searched for articles published in English peer-reviewed journals. Search terms were related to the adolescent population, substance use, and PA interventions. Results: 17 articles fit inclusion criteria. The results suggest that PA interventions may decrease substance use in teens. A majority of the interventions were delivered in high schools. Substance use measures/outcomes included intention or willingness to use, cessation, and actual use. Alcohol use was measured most, followed by marijuana and tobacco use. Although most of the studies utilized group sessions to deliver interventions, decreased substance use was also associated with one-time, multi-health consultations. Conclusions/Importance: School-based interventions targeting multiple health behaviors may offer a particularly effective and efficient way to decrease substance use in adolescents.