“快－慢”型室上性心律失常的射频导管消融治疗及随访

目的：探讨射频导管消融在治疗“快—慢”型室上性心律失常中的作用。方法：用射频导管消融的方法治疗了４例“快—慢”型室上性心律失常病人。结果：１９９１年１月至１９９６年１月间，对２４１例次各种快速性心律失常进行了射频导管消融治疗。其中４例为“快—慢”型室上性心律失常，２例为反复发作性房室结折返性心动过速（ＡＶＮＲＴ），终止时有长时间的心脏停搏并引起晕厥，原准备安装永久性心脏起搏器，ＡＶＮＲＴ根治后，由其引起的症状不复存在，电生理检查窦房结功能正常，故未安装起搏器；另２例均已植入永久性心脏起搏器，１例频繁发作快速心室率心房颤动并经常引起急性心功能不全，１例反复发作ＡＶＮＲＴ、心房扑动和心房颤动且有明显的症状，射频导管消融治疗后症状均消失，射频导管消融术对起搏器的功能无影响。３例平均随访３１±２个月，１例随访２个月未见并发症和临床症状复发。结论：射频导管消融法治疗“快—慢”型室上性心律失常具有重要的临床价值。     

起源上腔静脉快速房性心律失常的电生理特征和射频导管消融治疗

目的:分析上腔静脉起源的异位冲动诱发阵发性心房颤动(房颤)和房性心动过速(房速)的特点,总结射频导管消融电隔离上腔静脉治疗快速房性心律失常的经验。方法:连续收治快速房性心律失常患者108例,对经电生理检查证实房性心律失常起源于上腔静脉的11例患者行上腔静脉造影,明确上腔静脉开口位置后应用标测导管于上腔静脉进行激动标测,标测上腔静脉最早激动点及肌袖电位分布位置进行消融,直至房性心律失常终止及上腔静脉电位消失。结果:11例患者中,房速5例,房颤6例。5例房速患者上腔静脉房速发作周长为260～390ms;P波形态除1例判定不清外,其余4例均为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF、aVL导联直立,aVR导联倒置。6例房颤患者中,4例在环肺静脉隔离后仍可诱发或自发短阵房速或频发房性期前收缩,经标测起源于上腔静脉;2例术中自发房颤标测过程中发现上腔静脉电位频率较肺静脉电位频率更快。上腔静脉电隔离后,术中均成功终止心动过速。随访6～20个月,1例患者阵发性房颤复发,1例患者因窦性停搏行永久起搏器治疗。结论:上腔静脉是房速和房颤的起源部位之一,射频导管消融治疗有很高的成功率。     

经导管点状射频消融反复短阵"心房颤动"

目的　报道反复短阵快速房性心律失常的电生理特性、射频导管消融方法和结果。方法　对 32例自发的反复短阵快速房性心律失常患者进行射频导管消融。观察房性心律失常的心内激动顺序和周长。单极和双极标测快速房性心律失常的起源病灶 ,并进行消融。结果　 32例患者的快速房性心律失常的心电图表现酷似心房颤动。AA间期绝对不齐 16 0～ 4 5 0ms,平均 (2 87± 93)ms ,而心房激动顺序则绝对规整有序。局部点状消融成功治疗所有患者的房性心律失常。平均随访 (14± 8)个月 ,1例复发。结论　反复短阵快速房性心律失常是一种局灶性房性心动过速 ,而非心房颤动。点状消融可达到根治的目的。     

全国射频导管消融治疗快速心律失常资料总汇

全国射频导管消融治疗快速心律失常资料总汇中国生物医学工程学会心脏起搏与电生理分会导管消融学组《中国心脏起搏与心电生理杂志》编辑部参加本次注册的医院和单位共９３家，１９９１年１月１日～１９９５年５月３１日开展射频导管消融治疗快速心律失常病人共１００３５...     

射频消融治疗房性快速心律失常现状

导管射频亍肖融术自1987年应用于临床以来，现已成为治疗房室折逗性心动过速和房室结折返性心动过速安全和有效的方法，成功率可达95%。随着射频消融技术和心内电生理标测技术的发展。一些房性和室性快速心律失常的消融治疗逐渐成熟。兹就目前射频消融治疗房性快速心律失常(房性心动过速、心房扑动和心房颤动)的现状做一综述。     

射频导管消融治疗快速心律失常指南

射频导管消融治疗快速心律失常指南中国生物医学工程学会心脏起搏与电生理分会导管消融学组＊《中国心脏起搏与心电生理杂志》编辑部射频导管消融（ＲＦＣＡ）自１９８７年应用于临床以来，已使快速心律失常病人的治疗发生了划时代的变化。１９９１年至今我国有２４个省、...     

心房颤动导管消融术后快速性房性心律失常的机制和治疗

随着心房颤动导管消融治疗的日益广泛开展,导管消融术后快速性房性心律失常（即继发性房性心律失常,包括房性心动过速和心房扑动）逐渐成为临床心律失常治疗的关注热点,其机制在不同患者中不尽相同,甚至同一患者亦可涉及多种机制,因此这种心律失常的处理可能较心房颤动本身更为棘手。现就心房颤动导管消融术后发生快速性房性心律失常的可能机制及其防治策略作一综述。     

射频导管消融360例儿童心律失常的疗效和安全性

目的 评价射频导管消融360例儿童心律失常的疗效和安全性。方法 回顾性分析2000年1月2013年12月360例因心律失常在我院接受射频导管消融的儿童患者360(男213例、女147)例,年龄15个月14(10±3)岁,平均体质量34 kg。结果 急性期消融成功率98.9%(356/360例),4例消融失败。360例患者中,阵发性室上性心动过速308例,占85.6%,307例(99.7%)患者消融成功,其中隐匿性房室旁路伴房室折返性心动过速121例、显性旁路(预激综合征)82例、房室结折返性心动过速105例;室性心律失常42例,其中室性早搏15例(均消融成功),27例室性心动过速(其中4例并发结构性心脏病,25例消融成功);房性心律失常10例(9例消融成功,其中典型心房扑动3例,不典型心房扑动1例,局灶性房性心动过速6例)。所有患儿围术期均未出现明重要并发症。术后随访至少12个月,随访期复发率为2.2%(8/356例),其中6例经再次消融成功。结论 射频导管消融术治疗有适应证的心律失常儿童安全有效。     

心内膜导管射频消融致心律失常作用的研究

通过分别比较１０条犬右房和左室导管射频消融前后的电生理检查结果和８０例房室旁道病人射频消融前后的电生理检查、心电监测和晚电位检查结果，探讨心内膜导管射频消融是否具有近期致心律失常作用。１０条犬消融前和消融后７日右房有效不应期分别为１４３±２５和１４１±２８ｍｓ（Ｐ＞０．０５），左室有效不应期分别为２３１±５６和２３７±７４ｍｓ（Ｐ＞０．０５），均未诱发出房性心动过速、心房扑动、心房颤动、室性心动过速、心室颤动等心律失常。８０例病人消融后即刻电生理检查没有诱发出上述快速心律失常；消融后随访３个月，共行２４小时心电监测３次均未发现新的心律失常，晚电位检查均为阴性。表明采用导管射频消融术治疗室上性快速心律失常没有近期的致心律失常作用，是一种相对安全的介入性治疗方法。     

无症状预激综合征是否需要射频消融治疗

预激综合征，也称WPW综合征（Wolff—Parkinson—White Syndrome）是指心电图呈预激的表现，临床上有快速性心律失常发作。心室预激在正常人群中的检出率约为0．15％-0．30％，自从经导管射频消融开展以来，该疾病的根治率已达95％以上，而手术并发症的发生率低于2％。对WPW综合征的患者首选射频消融治疗，目前已经没有疑义。     

快-慢综合征的临床特点及射频消融治疗

目的分析快-慢综合征的临床特点,探讨其发生机制及治疗.方法术前停用抗心律失常药物至少5个半衰期,常规进行心脏彩超及动态心电图检查,年龄＞50岁者行冠状动脉造影检查,进行全面的心内电生理检查和射频消融术.结果9例患者皆成功进行射频消融术.其中房室旁道5例,左、右房速各1例,房室结双径路1例,Ⅰ型房扑1例.结论快-慢综合征以阵发生室上性心律失常及反复晕厥为表现,中老年人多见,各种电生理机制参与其间,病理机制不明,常不合并冠心病,处理措施首选射频消融术.     

快速室上性心律失常后长间歇的临床分析

分析快速室上性心律失常后长间歇患者的临床特点及治疗。1350例射频消融术患者中,有12例表现为快速室上性心律失常后长间歇及反复黑矇/晕厥,对这些患者的临床资料进行分析并对其临床症状、动态心电图及心脏彩超结果进行随访。结果:12例患者电生理检查提示窦房结功能正常,均成功进行射频消融治疗,其中房室旁道5例,左、右房性心动过速各1例,房室结双径路1例,I型心房扑动1例,阵发性心房颤动(简称房颤)3例。射频消融术后随访,阵发性房颤组有1例(1/3,占33.3%)仍见短阵房颤或房性早搏后长间歇,另1例患者安装永久起搏器治疗,其他未见缓慢性心律失常及晕厥发作。结论:快速室上性心律失常后长间歇,可能是独立于病窦综合征之外的一种临床疾病。射频消融治疗快速室上性心律失常后,一般可改善缓慢性心律失常。     

Malignant entity of idiopathic ventricular fibrillation and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia initiated by premature extrasystoles originating from the right ventricular outflow tract.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the clinical characteristics and the efficacy of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) for idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (VF) and/or polymorphic ventricular tachycardia initiated by ventricular extrasystoles originating from the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). BACKGROUND: Ventricular fibrillation and/or polymorphic ventricular tachycardia are occasionally initiated by ventricular extrasystoles originating from the RVOT in patients without structural heart disease. METHODS: Among 101 patients without structural heart disease in whom RFCA was conducted for idiopathic ventricular tachyarrhythmias arising from the RVOT, we examined the clinical characteristics and the efficacy of RFCA in 16 patients with spontaneous VF and/or polymorphic ventricular tachycardia initiated by the ventricular extrasystoles originating from the RVOT. RESULTS: Among 16 patients, spontaneous episodes of VF were documented in 5 patients, and 11 patients had prior episodes of syncope. Holter recordings showed frequent isolated ventricular extrasystoles with the same morphology as that of initiating ventricular extrasystoles, and non-sustained polymorphic ventricular tachycardia with short cycle length (mean of 245 +/- 28 ms) in all 16 patients. Radiofrequency catheter ablation by targeting the initiating ventricular extrasystoles eliminated episodes of syncope, VF, and cardiac arrest in all patients during follow-up periods of 54 +/- 39 months. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that the malignant entity of idiopathic VF and/or polymorphic ventricular tachycardia was occasionally present in patients with idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias arising from the RVOT. Radiofrequency catheter ablation was effective as a treatment option for this entity.     

Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Decreases a Sleep-Disordered Breathing Parameter During a Short Follow-up Period

Background:?Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is often associated with atrial fibrillation (AF), but the impact of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) for AF on sleep apnea syndrome is unknown. Methods and Results:?A total of 25 patients (3 women; 61±6 years) with sleep apnea syndrome who underwent RFCA for drug-refractory, persistent AF were studied. Polysomnography was also performed 1 day before and 1 week after RFCA in all patients. The total number of central or OSA or hypopnea events was analyzed and compared. Among the 25 patients who all predominantly had obstructive apnea, the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI; median, 21, interquartile range [IQR]: 11-38 to median 15, IQR: 7-23; P=0.002) and obstructive type of apnea (median 10, IQR: 6-19 to median 7, IQR: 2-14; P=0.003) decreased after RFCA. In patients in whom sinus rhythm was restored and maintained after RFCA, the AHI decreased after RFCA (median 22, IQR: 15-38 to median 15, IQR: 7-23; P<0.01), but it did not in those who had AF recurrence (median 10, IQR: 9-11 to median 11, IQR: 10-16; P<0.05). There was a significant correlation between the outcome of RFCA and % change in the AHI (rs=0.569, P=0.003). Conclusions:?In patients with sleep apnea syndrome and AF, restoring sinus rhythm by RFCA was significantly associated with a decrease in AHI (Clinical Trial Registration: Trial number, UMIN000005538). (Circ J?2012; 76: 2096-2103).     

Management of Ventricular Tachycardia in Heart Failure

Ventricular tachyarrhythmias are common in patients with congestive heart failure. The clinical presentation ranges from an asymptomatic incidental electrocardiographic finding to palpitations, syncope, and sudden cardiac death. Although implantable cardioverter defibrillators successfully prevent sudden cardiac death associated with ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia, recurrent implantable cardioverter defibrillators shocks remain a clinical management challenge. In this review, we discuss management strategies of ventricular tachycardia in congestive heart failure, including drug therapy, radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA), and recent RFCA advances.     

Permanent junction reciprocating tachycardia--treatment with radiofrequency current ablation

The patients with WPW syndrome demonstrate wide scale of clinical manifestation, from asymptomatic course to sudden cardiac death. Among this patients it is possible to identify the small group of patients with rare kind of atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia named permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia (PJRT) associated with increased risk of development tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy. This patients should be successful treated by radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA). Aim of the study was assessment of efficacy and safety of RFCA procedure in patients with preexcitation syndrome and PJRT. Analyzed group consisted of 7 patients with PJRT selected from 163 consecutive patients with symptomatic WPW--syndrome undergo electrophysiological study (EPS) and RFCA. Analyzed group consist of 4 women and 3 men. Mean age of patients was 22.71 SD +/- 7.99 (from 14 to 38 years). Every patients underwent EPS and RFCA simultaneously. Success-rate in first session was 71.42% (5 patients were successful ablated). Two women underwent second ablation one who has recurrent symptomatic arrhythmia and another who initially was unsuccessfully treated in first session. This two additional procedures were successful. RFCA-duration time was average 107.85 minutes SD +/- 21.95 (min-80, max-145 min) and fluoroscopy--time amount from 28 min to 55 min average 38.58 min (SD +/- 11.14). Among analyzed patients we did not noticed any complications during ablation procedure. Patients with PJRT could be safe and successfully treated using RFCA.     

Diagnostic accuracy of cardiac markers for myocardial damage after radiofrequency catheter ablation

Aims This study compares serum markers of myocardial damage incurred during radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA). Methods and results Blood was sampled from 34 patients with atrial flutter (n = 16), atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT; n = 13), and Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome (WPW; n = 5) to measure creatine kinase MB subfraction (CK-MB), human heart-type fatty acid protein (h-FABP), and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) values at baseline and after RFCA. The controls comprised 12 patients without significant elevation of all myocardial markers during electrophysiological study (EPS) without RFCA. h-FABP values did not elevate significantly, whereas CK-MB and cTnT demonstrated significant change after RFCA (P < 0.001). Neither peak h-FABP nor CK-MB correlated with following RFCA parameters: delivery duration, number of RFCA discharges, and cumulative RFCA energy. In contrast, correlations were significant between mean peak values of cTnT and these RFCA parameters (all P < 0.05). The sensitivity (71.6%) and specificity (35.6%) of h-FABP were inferior to those of cTnT (93.3% and 89.8%, respectively). Conclusion h-FABP is an insensitive and less specific marker of myocardial damage in RFCA much along the lines of CK-MB and when compared with the proven accuracy of cTnT.     

显性预激射频消融术后对房室结前传功能的影响

目的分析显性预激患者射频消融术后的房室结前传功能的变化。方法选取成功射频消融的单支房室旁道127例,其中显性预激46例,隐匿性预激81例。比较两组患者在消融后、显性预激组的消融后与随访时、左侧与右侧旁道的心电图各参数的变化。结果显性预激组患者消融术后的PR间期长于隐匿性预激组,显性预激组患者在随访时的PR间期短于消融术后,左侧旁道患者的PR间期短于右侧,但各组心率(HR)、QRS波时限、QTc间期均未见明显差异。结论显性预激患者,消融后PR间期较长,左右侧旁道延长程度不同,但随着时间的推移PR间期可恢复正常。     

导管射频消融治疗老年预激综合征

本文报道２３例老年预激综合征（ＷＰＷ）患者导管射频消融（ＲＦＣＡ）阻断旁道（ＡＰ）的临床疗效，采用单极和双极同步记录定位ＡＰ和确定消融靶点，成功阻断所有患者的ＡＰ传导，随访１～２１（１１±６．４）个月无复发。认为ＲＦＣＡ是老年ＷＰＷ患者安全有效的治疗方法。     

经房间隔穿刺途径消融左室顶部室性心律失常五例

目的分析在三维标测系统指导下,通过经房间隔穿刺途径消融起源于左室顶部的室性早搏、室性心动过速的方法、电生理特点及消融结果。方法对5例体表心电图符合左室流出道附近起源特点的患者,术中在左室流出道未标测到理想靶点,行房间隔穿刺将消融导管跨二尖瓣环倒钩至左室顶部,采用三维电解剖标测法,用冷盐水灌注消融导管以35～40w,43℃,流速17ml／min在该区域进行片状基质消融治疗。结果5例术中在左室顶部均可标测到低电压区,窦性心律时可记录到心室晚电位或室性心动过速发作时可记录到心室舒张中期电位,通过房间隔穿刺途径的即刻消融成功率为100％,随访3个月,有I例复发并出现晕厥。结论对于起源于左室顶部的室性心律失常,经房间隔穿刺途径进行射频消融治疗是有效的、安全的。