鼻咽癌外照射联合高剂量率后装腔内治疗

采用高剂量率后装腔内放射联合体外放射治疗７６例鼻咽癌。其中，Ｔ１～２４９例，Ｔ３～４２７例。体外放射剂量Ｔ１～２ＤＴ５０Ｇｙ／５周，Ｔ３～４ＤＴ５６Ｇｙ／５．５周；对有茎突区或／和颅骨破坏者补量ＤＴ１０～２０Ｇｙ／１～２周。后装剂量Ｔ１～２ＤＴ２４Ｇｙ／４次／２周，Ｔ３～４ＤＴ１８Ｇｙ／３次／２周。全组４、５年无癌生存率分别为６７．１％，５６．０％。４年局部控制率为９２．８％。主要后遗症为张口困难（９．２％），软腭损伤（５．７％）等。随访结果提示联合治疗鼻咽癌局部控制率令人鼓舞，尤以Ｔ１～２为佳。但治疗后软腭损伤应引起重视     

鼻咽癌高剂量率近距离治疗的近期疗效观察

作者对４８例首次治疗的鼻咽癌患者采用外照射结合腔内高剂量率近距离治疗。其中计划性内外照射４４例，外照射后补量４例。腔内治疗使用￣（１９２）Ｉｒ放射源，剂量参考点设在距放射源中心轴０．８～１．５ｃｍ处。每次参考点剂量６～８Ｇｙ，共１～３次。外照射剂量为６０～８０Ｇｙ。治疗结束时鼻咽癌局部控制率９３．８％。１年和２年生存率分别为９７．８％和９５．５％。作者结合文献对腔内治疗的适应证及内外照射的剂量匹配进行探讨。     

铱^192高剂量率后装加外照射治疗宫颈癌105例分析

目的 研究铱＾１９２高剂量率后装加外照射治疗宫颈癌的疗效,并发症等。方法 前瞻性治疗,全盆腔外照射ＤＴ２５－３０Ｇｙ／３,再行腔内铱＾１９２后装治疗和盆腔四野垂直照射;腔内每周１次,Ａ点剂量每次５－７Ｇｙ,一３０－３５Ｇｙ,盆腔四野照射,宫旁剂量１５－２０Ｇｙ／１．５－２周。结果 ＣＲ＋ＰＲ１０％,３年生存率Ⅱ期８９．５％,Ⅲ期８０．４％,全组８３．８％。     

247例中段食管癌不同处方剂量肺校正后生存率分析

目的：探讨中段食管癌放疗最佳剂量。方法：６０钴外照射中段食管癌２４７例，对处方量６５Ｇｙ组和７５Ｇｙ组拟行肺校正后靶区剂量分别为７２．５Ｇｙ和８５．５Ｇｙ。结果：肺校正后７２．５Ｇｙ组５年、８年、１０年、１３年生存率分别为１２．２％（１４／１１４）、７．９％（９／１１４）、５．２％（６／１１４）、１．８％（２／１１４）。８５．５Ｇｙ组５年、８年、１０年、１３年生存率分别为７．２％（９／１２５）、２．４％（３／１２５）、０．８％（１／１２５）、０（０／１２５）。两组对比７２．５Ｇｙ组明显高于８５．５Ｇｙ组（Ｐ＜０．００５）。结论：食管癌放疗行肺校正是必要的，校正后靶区剂量７２．５Ｇｙ左右，我们认为是根治性放疗最佳剂量。     

内外照射加化疗联合治疗食管癌临床分析

目的 分析外照射、腔内近距离治疗及化疗治疗食管癌的疗效及其与外照射比较。方法 １２０例食管癌随机分成４组,每组３０例。Ⅰ组为外照射,Ⅱ组为外照射加腔内照射,Ⅲ组为外照射加化疗,Ⅳ组为内照射加化疗。外照射采用＾６０Ｃｏ治疗,２Ｇｙ／次,５次／周,总剂量６０－７４Ｇｙ;腔内照射６－８Ｇｙ／次,１次／周,总量１８～２４Ｇｙ;化疗用卡铂,１００ｍｇ／ｄ,５次／周,总量１０００ｍｇ。结果 Ⅱ～Ⅳ组的１,２,３年生存率高于Ⅰ组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。Ⅰ～Ⅳ组的３年生存率分别为１３．３％、３６．７％、４０．０％和４６．７％,死于肿瘤复发及未控分别为７２．２％、４０．０％、４３．７％和３８．４％（Ｐ〈０．０５）,远处转移率无明显差异。结论 外照射与近距离治疗和化疗的综合治疗可提高食管癌局部控制率和１,２,３年生存率。     

高剂量率腔内放射治疗原发性支气管肺癌合并肺不张

目的研究高剂量率（ＨＤＲ）腔内放疗加外照射治疗原发性支气管肺癌合并肺不张的肺复张和近期疗效。方法原发性支气管肺癌９５例，Ｋａｒｎｏｆｓｋｙ评分２０～５０分。治疗分两组：Ａ组５７例，先用ＨＤＲＩｒ－１９２腔内照射，７～１０Ｇｙ，每周１次，共２～３次，总剂量为２０～３０Ｇｙ，而后常规外照射，剂量与Ｂ组相同。Ｂ组３８例，单纯外照射，先大野每次２Ｇｙ，总剂量为４０Ｇｙ／４Ｗ，后缩野每次２Ｇｙ，总剂量为２０～３０Ｇｙ／２～３Ｗ。结果Ａ组肺复张率较Ｂ组为高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。肺不张时间超过６个月者复张困难。一年生存率分别为４２％（２４／５７）和３９．５％（１５／３８），无明显差异。结论高剂量率腔内放射结合外照射可改善原发性支气管肺癌合并肺不张的症状。     

超声加热和放射综合治疗恶性肿瘤99例

我院１９８６～１９９１年对９９例１２２个部位的晚期体表肿瘤或复发肿瘤用超声加热和放射综合治疗。放疗为Ｄ＿Ｔ１２～５６Ｇｙ，２次／周，３～４Ｇｙ／次，或Ｄ＿Ｔ１８－６７．５Ｇｙ，５次／周，２Ｇｖ／次。加热用１ＭＨｚ，声强０．５～１Ｗ／ｃｍ￣２，热电偶测温精度（０．５℃，放疗前／后６０分钟内进行，加热至４３℃，时间为３０～４５分钟，１～２次／周，平均７次（３～１２次）。近期疗效按部位计，肿块完全消退３２％（３９／１２２），部分消退５２．５％（６４／１２２），无效１５．６％（１９／１２２）。全组１、２和３年生存率分别为２４／８６（２７．９％），８／４１（１９．５％），７／３８（１８Ａ％）。而肿块完全消退组的１、２和３年生存率分别为１２／２５（４８％），６／１５（４０％），５／１３（３８．５％），均高于全组。     

直肠癌手术前后辅助放疗疗效比较

［目的］探讨比较术前单次、术前４０Ｇｙ放疗及术后放疗对直肠癌疗效的影响。〔方法）１２７例病理证实的直肠癌患者, 于１９９０年 ４月至 １９９４年 １２月随机分为 ３组,分别为术前单次组 ３９例,术前４０Ｇｙ组 ４３例和术后放疗组 ４５例。术前放疗组中病理 若属Ｔ_３期以上,则加用术后放疗。术前单次组放疗剂量为５Ｇｙ－６Ｇｙ／次,放疗后４８ 小时内手术。术前４０Ｇｙ组中位剂量为４０Ｇｙ／２０ 次（２０Ｇｙ－ ４０Ｇｙ）,放疗后休息 ４周手术。术后放疗组中位剂量为 ５５．１Ｇ ｙ／２９次（３０Ｇｙ－ ６３Ｇｙ／１５次～ ３５次）,手术放疗间隔为 ３～ ４ 周。［结果］全部病例中位随访７８个月,３组中位生存期分别为５５、５８、４７个月,Ｋａｐｌａｎ Ｍｅｉｅｒ法计算３年及５年生存率分别为 ７４．３％、４８７％,６７．４％、４８９％和６２２％、４２２％。局部复发率分别为１２．８％、２３．１％,１４．０％、２３．３％和２２．２％、２８．９％。单因素Ｌｏｇ ｒａｎｋ检验术前放疗２组３年局部复发率低于术后放疗（Ｐ＜０．０５）。５年局部复发率和生存率无差别。［结论］适当剂量的术前放 疗较术后放疗具有更高的局控率和较低的副反应。     

肺鳞癌单纯放射治疗159例分析

１９７７～１９８６年对１５９例肺鳞癌作单纯￣６０Ｃｏ放疗。结果：总剂量６０Ｇｙ以上组其１、３、５年生存率分别为７２．９％、２１％和１１．３％，而低于６０Ｇｙ组无３年生存。局部复发率６０Ｇｙ组为４２．９％，低于５０Ｇｙ组为７８．６％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。分割剂量２Ｇｙ／次组局部控制率为６８．８％，低于１．６Ｇｙ／次组为３５．５％。故分割剂量、总剂量以２Ｇｙ／次６０～７０Ｇｙ／６～７周为宜。     

睾丸精原细胞瘤的放射治疗──附25例分析

对我科１９７５～１９８４年收治的２５例睾丸精原细胞瘤作了回顾性分析。本组病例的５、１０年生存率分别为：Ⅰ期９２．８％、８３．３％，Ⅱ期５７．１％、５０％，Ⅲ期１３．３％和０，放疗剂量为２０～４０Ｇｙ。病人死亡的原因为肺及纵隔等处的转移。     

Chronic radiation enteritis: a community hospital experience

A retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate the operative management of patients with chronic radiation enteropathy. Thirty-eight affected patients from 1974 to 1986 were reviewed. Patients with recurrent cancer responsible for symptoms were excluded. Seventy-one percent of patients presented with bowel obstruction. Twenty-one patients were treated with bowel resection, while 17 were treated with a bypass procedure or diverting ostomy alone. Overall morbidity was 45%, and postoperative mortality was 16%. Patients in the bypass group were significantly older than those in the resection group (70.3 vs. 55.5 years, P = .024), suggesting that age may have been a determinant of the procedure performed. In our study there was no difference in outcome based on preexisting vascular disease, tumor site, type of procedure performed, or radiation dose. We conclude that resection is the procedure of choice in cases of chronic radiation enteritis requiring surgery except in cases with dense adhesions when enteroenterostomal bypass is a viable alternative.     

Numbers and proportions of leukemias in young people and adults induced by radiation of natural origin

Natural sources contribute a large fraction of the radiation exposure of the general public. Under the linear no-threshold hypothesis risk decreases in proportion to decreasing dose without a threshold. We use recent estimates of doses to the red bone marrow to calculate the number and proportion of cases of leukemia in England induced by natural radiation. We calculate that about 5% of cases of leukemia, excluding chronic lymphocytic leukemia, up to the age of 80 years are induced by this background radiation. In young people up to the age of 25 years the attributable fraction is about 15%, substantially lower than a previous estimate.     

Histopathological effects of intraoperative radiotherapy on pancreas and adjacent tissues: a postmortem analysis

Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) has been utilized in the treatment of resectable and unresectable pancreatic carcinoma at the National Cancer Institute. Detailed autopsy analyses of the radiation effects on the pancreas and adjacent tissues were performed on 13 patients dying at various times following therapy. IORT can induce a progressive retroperitoneal fibrosis and fibrosis of the porta hepatis in patients with resectable pancreatic carcinoma. In unresectable pancreatic carcinoma, the major expression of intraoperative irradiation with external beam irradiation is a progressive fibrosis of the pancreas with vascular sclerosis, nerve degeneration, atrophy of acinar cells, and atypical changes in the ducts of the pancreas, as well as degenerative changes of the pancreatic tumor.     

Progress and controversies: Radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Answer questions and earn CME/CNE Radiation therapy remains a standard treatment option for men with localized prostate cancer. Alone or in combination with androgen‐deprivation therapy, it represents a curative treatment and has been shown to prolong survival in selected populations. In this article, the authors review recent advances in prostate radiation—treatment techniques, photon versus proton radiation, modification of treatment fractionation, and brachytherapy—all focusing on disease control and the impact on morbidity. Also discussed are refinements in the risk stratification of men with prostate cancer and how these are better for matching patients to appropriate treatment, particularly around combined androgen‐deprivation therapy. Many of these advances have cost and treatment burden implications, which have significant repercussions given the prevalence of prostate cancer. The discussion includes approaches to improve value and future directions for research. CA Cancer J Clin 2014;64:389–407. © 2014 American Cancer Society.     

依济复防治急性放射性皮肤和粘膜反应的初步临床观察

目的　观察依济复在预防及治疗放射性皮炎和粘膜炎中的作用。方法　 1999年 10月～ 2 0 0 0年 9月 ,应用依济复喷剂预防及治疗 5 0例行放射治疗患者 (预防治疗组 ) ,并设同等数量常规处理的患者为对照组。结果　预防治疗组Ⅱ度以上放射性皮炎发生率为 2 0 %,对照组 93.3%,两组有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 0 5 ) ;预防治疗组Ⅱ度以上放射性粘膜炎发生率为 10 %,对照组为 90 %,两组也具有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 0 5 )。结论　依济复对Ⅱ度以上放射性皮炎和粘膜炎的预防有一定作用 ,对放射性皮炎和粘膜炎的治疗效果显著 ,可以将放射性皮炎和粘膜炎基本控制在Ⅱ度以内 ,起到止痛、止痒、促进伤口愈合等作用。     

Fast neutron irradiation for prostate cancer

The purpose of this study was to summarize the progress made using fast neutron irradiation in the treatment of prostate cancer at Wayne State University between 1991 and the year 2001. The results of three Phase II studies and one Phase III study involving nearly 700 patients is summarized in this paper. The Phase II studies were dose finding studies looking at doses of 15, 9, 10, and 11nGy, respectively. The randomized protocol was a study of sequence looking at the results of treating patients with neutron first versus neutron radiation last. The results demonstrated that the best combination of tumor control probabilities and normal tissue complications was found in a mix of approximately 50% neutrons and 50% photons. Thus, the standard doses become 10nGy and 40Gy of photons. The randomized trial demonstrated that the sequence has significant importance and the disease-free survival was 93% for patients treated with neutrons first versus 73% for patients treated with neutrons last. There was no difference in the rate of acute or chronic complications. Finally, an analysis was performed demonstrating which patients may best benefit from the use of neutron irradiation. It was shown that patients with one, two, or three adverse risk factors had a significant improvement in disease-free survival when part of the treatment included neutron radiation versus standard photon radiation alone. Neutron radiation can be delivered safely with effort to see that it is superior to that which can be achieved by conformal photon irradiation by itself. Future work will be done to expand the role of neutron radiation in other clinical disease sites.     

前列腺癌的适形和调强适形放疗

适形和调强适形放射治疗已经广泛地应用于治疗前列腺癌.适形放疗或调强适形放疗技术能够提高靶区的照射剂量,改善前列腺癌的无生化失败生存率和总生存率.调强适形技术可使高剂量分布区与靶区三维形状的适合度大大提高,显著减少周围正常组织和器官的受照射体积,在照射剂量提高的同时并未增加直肠和膀胱的毒性反应.适形和调强适形放疗的治疗体位宜选择仰卧位.临床靶区需要包括整个前列腺.对于有高危因素的病人临床靶区还需要包括精囊和盆腔淋巴结.