艾滋病合并结核病与CD4 T淋巴细胞计数的相关性研究

目的　通过对AIDS合并结核病例的回顾性分析,探讨AIDS合并结核病临床特征与CD4 T淋巴细胞计数的相关性。方法 对95例AIDS并发结核感染的病例CD4 T淋巴细胞计数进行检测,同时选择30例近期入院的HIV阴性肺结核病人CD4 T淋巴细胞计数的检测,AIDS合并结核病与HIV阴性肺结核病CD4 T淋巴细胞水平对比分析;AIDS合并结核中PPD、结明试验、结核分型与CD4 T不同水平进行相关性分析。结果 AIDS合并结核病与HIV阴性结核病CD4 T淋巴细胞水平相比,二者有显著性差异;CD4 T淋巴细胞计数与艾滋病合并结核病的影象学表现;PPD、结明试验、痰涂片抗酸染色阳性率、结核病分型有相关性,CD4<100/mm³与CD4>100/mm³相比,影象学中斑片实变影、多发空洞、多发结节、纵隔和(或)腋下淋巴结肿大有显著性差异;单发空洞,胸腔积液的机率,无显著性差异。CD4<100/mm³与CD4>100/mm³相比,PPD、结明试验、痰涂片抗酸染色阳性率相比均有显著性差异;Ⅱ、Ⅴ型结核发生率有明显差异。结论 AIDS患者合并结核病发病率高,尤其以肺外结核和血型播散性结核多见,CD4 T淋巴细胞计数低于100/mm³时,临床表现不典型,胸部影象学表现多样化及结核菌素试验、结核抗体试验、痰涂片抗酸染色阳性率低。     

Increased serum lipids are associated with higher CD4 lymphocyte count in HIV-infected women

OBJECTIVE: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been associated with dyslipidaemia; however, the roles of immune status and non-HIV-disease risk factors remain unclear. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis of fasting lipids was carried out for 231 women, of whom 132 were HIV-infected and 99 were uninfected. The concentrations of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, and apolipoprotein B (apo B) were measured. CD4 lymphocyte count, hepatitis C status, demographics, diet, and anthropometrics were also assessed. RESULTS: A total of 132 women were HIV-infected [30 were antiretroviral-naive, 68 were on protease inhibitors (PIs), and 34 were on non-PI HAART]. HIV infection was associated with higher triglycerides, lower HDL-C, and, among obese women, higher total cholesterol and LDL-C. Non-PI and PI HAART were each independently associated with higher total cholesterol, LDL-C, and apo B, compared with being ART-naive. Among HIV-infected women, after adjustment for HAART use, women with a CD4 lymphocyte count > or =500 cells/microL had total cholesterol 41.8 mg/dL (P = 0.002) and LDL-C 28.8 mg/dL (P = 0.01) higher, on average, than women with a CD4 count <200 cells/microL. Women with a CD4 count of 200-499 cells/microL had total cholesterol 26.31 mg/dL higher, on average, than those with a CD4 count <200 cells/microL (P = 0.04), although differences in LDL-C did not reach significance (15.51 mg/dL; P = 0.12). A higher CD4 count was also associated with higher apo B (P < 0.001). Active hepatitis C infection was associated with lower total cholesterol, LDL-C, triglycerides, and apo B. CONCLUSIONS: Higher CD4 lymphocyte counts were associated with higher lipid levels, suggesting that immune competence may independently affect the dyslipidaemia seen in the HAART era. In addition, it is important that hepatitis C status be assessed in studies of dyslipidaemia in the HIV-infected population.     

HIV感染者外周血淋巴细胞总数与CD4+T淋巴细胞计数相关性研究

目的 分析HIV感染者外周血淋巴细胞总数(total lymphocyte count,TLC)与CD4+T淋巴细胞计数相关性,探讨将外周TLC作为监测HIV感染者病情变化指标的可行性.方法 回顾性分析我院54例HIV感染者TLC与CD4+T淋巴细胞计数相关性,判断CD4+T淋巴细胞计数分别＜100× 106/L、＜2...     

CD4 T淋巴细胞分级表达与艾滋病合并肺结核影像征象相关性研究

目的 探讨CD4 T淋巴细胞分级表达与艾滋病(AIDS)合并肺结核影像征象的相关性.方法 依照CD4 T淋巴细胞数多少分为Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级,对56例AIDS合并肺结核螺旋CT征象与CD4 T淋巴细胞分级表达进行相关性研究.结果 原发性肺结核、单发空洞发生率与CD4 T淋巴细胞分级表达呈正相关;斑片状和(或)实变影、多发空洞、多发结节、纵隔和(或)腋下淋巴结肿大发生率和继发性肺结核、右肺中叶及双肺下叶发生率与CD4 T淋巴细胞分级表达呈负相关.结论 AIDS合并肺结核病变特征与CD4 T淋巴细胞的免疫功能损害有关,CD4 T淋巴细胞表达越低,肺部影像征象越不典型.     

AIDS合并结核病患者HIV RNA定量和CD4+T淋巴细胞计数特点分析

目的 总结AIDS合并结核病的临床特点,进一步提高对AIDS合并结核病的认识.方法 将AIDS合并结核病患者分为肺内结核组、肺内结核并肺外结核组和肺外结核组,比较和分析3组之间HIV RNA定量、CD4+T淋巴细胞计数的差异.结果 肺内结核组的HIV RNA定量明显低于肺内并肺外结核组和肺外结核组(P均＜0.05).肺内结核组的CD4+T淋巴细胞计数明显高于肺内并肺外结核组和肺外结核组(P均＜ 0.05).结论 患者的HIV RNA载量越高、CD4+T淋巴细胞计数越低,免疫功能越差,越易发生肺外结核和肺内并肺外结核,越易导致结核分枝杆菌播散性传播.     

Nadir CD4 cell count predicts neurocognitive impairment in HIV-infected patients

Though antiretroviral therapy attenuates neurocognitive disruption, impairment is still observed. We studied the nadir CD4 cell count as a predictor of neurocognitive changes. This cross-sectional study assessed 64 HIV-infected patients in two groups: G1 (n = 26, nadir CD4 < or =200 cells/ml) and G2 (n = 38, nadir CD4 >200 cells/ml). Percentages of patients showing neurocognitive impairment were compared according to different nadir CD4 cutoffs (200, 250, 300, and 350 cells/ml). From G2, we also took the subgroup of patients receiving treatment (G3) and compared this group with G1, in which all patients were being treated. Demographic and clinical variables were evaluated, as were differences in neurocognitive function. Neurocognitive impairment tended to be more prevalent in G1 [19 patients (73.1%)] than in G2 [20 (52.6%), p = 0.123]. When nadir CD4 cutoffs were compared, there was a trend toward more impaired subjects as the CD4 nadir decreased. Significantly different functioning was found in attention/working memory (digit span backward, p = 0.032) and executive functions (trail making test, part B, p = 0.020), with better performance in G2. Comparison between G1 and G3 confirmed those findings. We found differences in neurocognitive functioning in relation to nadir CD4 count in HIV-infected patients. Attention should be given to this value in the management of neurocognitive protection in HIV infection.     

Impact of drug-resistant tuberculosis on the survival of HIV-infected patients.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) on the survival of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients in an area with a high prevalence of TB. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. RESULTS: Of 225 HIV-TB patients with a mean age of 35.8 years, 72.4% were male. The median CD4 cell count at TB diagnosis was 44 cells/mm3. Sixty per cent presented with extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB). Sixty-three (28%) patients were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to at least one drug; respectively 16.4%, 9.3%, 5.3% and 12.9% were resistant to isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RMP), ethambutol and streptomycin, and 14 (6.2%) had multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). During a median follow-up of 11.5 months, 4% died. From Kaplan-Meier analysis, INH resistance, RMP resistance and MDR-TB were associated with shorter survival (log-rank test, P < 0.005). Cox's proportional hazard model showed that MDR-TB (hazard ratio [HR] 11.7; 95% CI 2.1-64.9), not receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) (HR 7.9; 95% CI 1.5-43.1) and EPTB (HR 5.1; 95% CI 1.9-25.9) were significant risk factors for death. CONCLUSION: MDR-TB and EPTB substantially reduce survival among patients co-infected with HIV and TB. Early detection and optimal treatment of MDR-TB are crucial. ART significantly prolongs survival and should be initiated in HIV-TB co-infected patients.     

The relationship of total lymphocyte count to CD4 lymphocyte counts in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus.

A simple, inexpensive alternative to CD4 counts would facilitate the management of asymptomatic and early symptomatic patients with HIV infection. In this report, a high correlation was found between CD4 counts and total lymphocyte counts calculated from complete blood counts in a cohort of ambulatory HIV-infected patients. Using these data, patients with CD4 counts above and below 500 cells/mm3, 200 cells/mm3, and those with and without symptoms can be identified with a high degree of predictive value. The availability and lower cost of lymphocyte counts make them an attractive alternative to CD4 counts in managing asymptomatic and early symptomatic patients with HIV infection.     

HIV感染与AIDS患者CD4^＋T淋巴细胞计数与肺结核主要症状体征的相关性研究

目的探讨HIV感染与AIDS患者CD4⁺ T淋巴细胞计数与肺结核主要临床症状、体征的相关性。方法选择2010年7月至2012年6月期间在广西CDC、广西龙潭医院、南宁市第四人民医院就诊登记的HIV感染与AIDS患者733例,采用液体培养和改良中性罗氏培养方法对患者痰标本进行结核分枝杆菌培养,采用流式细胞仪检测法对CD4⁺ T细胞进行检测,分析CD4⁺ T淋巴细胞计数与肺结核相关临床症状、体征的关系。结果HIV感染与AIDS患者结核分枝杆菌痰培养阳性率为16.1%（118/733）。CD4⁺ T淋巴细胞计数分级为1级的痰培养阳性率为12.3%（9/73）,2级为10.3%（6/58）,3级为17.0%（15/88）,4级为17.1%（88/514）,不同CD4⁺ T淋巴细胞计数级别的痰培养阳性率的差异无统计学意义（χ²趋势性=2.004,P=0.157）;不同级别CD4⁺ T淋巴细胞计数与结核分枝杆菌培养阳性率之间具有相关性（r=-0.048,P=0.035）。CD4⁺ T淋巴细胞计数与是否有咳嗽、咯痰＞2周症状有关,有咳嗽、咯痰＞2周症状的患者CD4⁺ T淋巴细胞计数（1.54±0.65）lg低于无该症状的患者（1.68±0.70）lg（t=-2.621,P=0.009）。结论HIV感染与AIDS患者CD4⁺ T淋巴细胞计数级别与结核分枝杆菌痰培养结果具有相关性,临床上对于咳嗽、咯痰＞2周的HIV感染与AIDS患者应予以重视,警惕合并肺结核的可能。     

HIV/AIDS患者中CD4细胞计数与总淋巴细胞计数间相关性研究

目的评价总淋巴细胞计数与CD4细胞计数间的相关性.方法回顾性分析了226例艾滋病病毒(HIV)阳性患者共330对同一天获得的CD4细胞计数与总淋巴细胞计数间的相关性,阳性预测值(PPV)、敏感性、特异性分别在不同的总淋巴细胞计数范围对应于CD4细胞计数<200个/mm3和CD4细胞计数<350个/mm3时获得.结果 330对CD4细胞计数与总淋巴细胞计数之间存在相关性(r=0.528,P<0.01),总淋巴细胞计数<1 400个/mm3对应于CD4细胞计数<200个/mm3有70.11%的阳性预测值,72.61%的敏感性,88.46%的特异性,总淋巴细胞计数<1 900个/mm3对应于CD4细胞计数<350个/mm3有80.97%的阳性预测值,70.92%的敏感性,74.54%的特异性.结论总淋巴细胞计数可以作为评价患者患机会性感染的危险程度及何时开始药物治疗的一种低消费的监测手段.阳性预测值(PPV)、敏感性、特异性分别在总淋巴细胞计数<1 400个/mm3对应于CD4细胞计数<200个/mm3和总淋巴细胞计数<1 900个/mm3对应于CD4细胞计数<350个/mm3时表现最为明显.     

人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者CD4+T淋巴细胞计数与结核分枝杆菌共感染的相关性

目的 探讨HIV合并结核分枝杆菌感染患者外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞的变化及其对酶联免疫斑点试验(ELISPOT)的影响.方法 应用结核酶联免疫斑点试验(T-SPOT.TB)对云南省和上海地区193例明确诊断的HIV感染者的血标本进行结核分枝杆菌特异性T淋巴细胞检测,同时应用流式细胞仪检测外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞计数,采用t检验进行统计学分析.结果 HIV感染者中潜伏性结核发生率达30.6％.HIV合并活动性结核患者的外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞计数平均值为190×106/L,显著低于HIV合并潜伏性结核组的484×106/L(t=6.665,P＜0.01).根据CD4+T淋巴细胞计数＞500×106/L、200×106～500×106/L、＜200×106/L进行分层分析发现,活动性结核组和潜伏性结核组构成比依次为1∶16.2、1∶1.3、5.6∶1.79例T-SPOT.TB阳性的病例中,共有20例HIV合并活动性结核患者,其中14例患者CD4+T淋巴细胞计数平均值＜200×106/L,5例为200×106/L～500×106/L,1例＞500×106/L.59例潜伏性结核患者中,52例CD4+T淋巴细胞计数＞200×106/L.结论 我国HIV感染人群中有较高的潜伏性结核发生率,HIV合并活动性结核患者的总体细胞免疫应答功能严重受损,随着CD4ˉT淋巴细胞计数的下降,HIV患者合并的潜伏性结核更易进展为活动性结核.当CD4+T淋巴细胞＜200×106/L时,对T-SPOT.TB检测结果可能有影响.     

87例CD4+T淋巴细胞低水平AIDS患者机会性感染临床分析

目的分析CD4^＋T淋巴细胞低水平AIDS患者机会性感染的临床特点及治疗效果,以提高临床诊疗水平。方法收集我院感染科就诊的87例CD4^＋T淋巴细胞低于100／td的AIDS患者的临床资料,回顾性分析其机会性感染谱及预后情况。结果87例中67例发生机会性感染,主要临床表现为：发热、咳嗽、消瘦、乏力、口腔白斑、头晕、呕吐、气短、腹泻、皮疹、淋巴结肿大等;主要机会性感染依次为：细菌性肺炎、口腔念珠菌感染、肺结核、带状疱疹、肺孢子菌肺炎等。总共发生107例次机会性感染,在接受对症治疗的70例次中,治愈或好转59例次,治疗无效8例次;3例因机会性感染死亡。发生过多种机会性感染的患者与未发生机会性感染患者相比,有较低的CD4＋T淋巴细胞水平及较高的病毒载量,但并未显示出统计学差异。结论CD4＋T淋巴细胞低水平的AIDS患者易发各种机会性感染,发生率为77．01％,临床症状复杂多样。早期发现、早期诊断、早期治疗机会性感染对降低AIDS患者的病死率,提高其生活质量尤为重要。     

Rate of AIDS diseases or death in HIV-infected antiretroviral therapy-naive individuals with high CD4 cell count

OBJECTIVE: To assess the absolute rate of AIDS and death in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive patients with a high CD4 cell count. Such information would be helpful in the design of a trial investigating early initiation of ART. DESIGN: Analysis of data from an ongoing HIV cohort study. METHODS: The rate of (severe) AIDS or death and death alone was evaluated in ART-naive patients according to the current CD4 cell count, focusing on CD4 cell counts > or = 350 cells/microl among patients in the UK CHIC Study. RESULTS: In a total of 30 313 person-years of follow-up, there were 1557 AIDS or death events. The rate of AIDS or death in persons with most recent CD4 cell count 350-499, 500-649 and > 650 cells/microl was 2.49, 1.54 and 0.96 per 100 person-years, respectively. The rate ratio for those with CD4 cell count 500-649 cells/microl compared with those with CD4 cell count > or = 650 cells/microl was 1.55 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.11-2.17; P = 0.01]. In a Poisson regression model based on person years with CD4 cell count > or = 350 cells/microl , there was a strong effect of CD4 cell count on rate of AIDS or death (rate ratio, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.76-0.93; P = 0.001), independent of viral load and age. CONCLUSIONS: The trend of decreasing rate of AIDS and death with higher CD4 cell count is present throughout the CD4 cell count > or = 350 cells/microl range in ART-naive people.     

Performance of a T-cell-based diagnostic test for tuberculosis infection in HIV-infected individuals is independent of CD4 cell count

The performance characteristics of the enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT) assay (T-SPOT TB) for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in HIV-infected individuals are unknown. Given that ELISPOT enumerates Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen-specific IFN-gamma-secreting T cells, HIV-associated immunosuppression might adversely affect test performance. However, we found that 28 out of 29 HIV-positive individuals (97%) gave evaluable test results, and performance was independent of the CD4 T-cell count. ELISPOT test performance appears to be independent of HIV-associated immunosuppression.