氟保护漆与玻璃离子水门汀窝沟封闭剂的防龋效果比较

目的:比较氟保护漆与玻璃离子水门汀窝沟封闭剂预防年轻第一恒磨牙窝沟龋的临床效果。方法:622例6～8岁儿童,随机分为3组,A试验组207例、335颗牙;B试验组205例、327颗牙和对照组210例、354颗牙。对A组儿童第一恒磨牙应用氟保护漆,每半年1次,对B组儿童第一恒磨牙应用玻璃离子水门汀窝沟封闭剂,对照组为空白对照。试验期3a,采用SPSS10.0软件包经χ2检验比较3组的龋病发病率。结果:3a后,A、B实验组龋病发生率均低于对照组,有显著差异(P<0.01),而A、B2组龋病发生率无显著性差异。结论:氟保护漆与玻璃离子水门汀窝沟封闭剂均有良好的防龋效果。     

粘接界面处理对玻璃离子水门汀与复合树脂粘接强度的影响

目的 比较4种粘接剂对2种不同类型玻璃离子水门汀与复合树脂界面间粘接强度的影响.方法 选取传统型高强度玻璃离子FujiⅨ(F9)和树脂改良型玻璃离子FujiⅡLC(F2LC)为研究对象,将100个样本随机分为10组,每组10个样本,在样本中央制备窝洞后,随机选取5组样本,窝洞内置入F9,另外5组置入F2LC.样本界面分别采取不处理和4种不同类型的粘接剂,Clearfil SE Bond(SEB)、Clearfil S3 Bond(S3B)、Optibond Versa(OBV)及Single Bond 2(SB2)处理后,分别测定各组样本的剪切粘接强度.结果 OBV处理组的F9样本组获得最大的剪切粘结强度,未进行界面处理的F9样本组剪切粘结强度最小,其差异具有显著统计学意义.使用粘接剂处理后各组的粘接强度均显著增高.结论 粘接剂处理样本界面后显著提高玻璃离子与复合树脂间的粘接强度.自酸蚀粘接剂OBV使玻璃离子与复合树脂界面获得最大的粘接强度.     

玻璃离子水门汀氟释放的离体研究

目的：观察两种临床常用的传统化学固化型玻璃离子水门汀Ｓｈｏｆｕ和ＣｈｅｍｆｉｌＳｕｐｅｒｉｏｒ在去离子水中氟释放情况。方法：采用氟离子选择电极法。结果：在整个３３ｄ的实验期间，两种材料都释放一定量氟，且随浸泡时间延长而氟释放量逐渐下降。两种材料浸泡第１天氟释放量最大，前３ｄ氟释放累计总量大于以后每１０ｄ氟释放量。结论：提示玻璃离子水门汀中氟释放存在初始爆发效应，同时在一定时期内能缓慢持续释放到周围环境中，具有一定的防龋潜力。     

玻璃离子水门汀释放氟实验研究

目的　观察玻璃离子水门汀固化体 (GIC)在蒸馏水和人工唾液中释放氟状况。方法　选择 6种GIC ,每种材料制备成 8mm× 5mm的 5个溶出片 ,分别浸于 5ml的 37℃蒸馏水和人工唾液中 ,在 1、3、5、7、14、2 1、2 8、5 6d更换溶出液 ,并应用气相色谱和氟离子选择电极方法测定溶出液中氟含量。结果　GIC固化体释放氟量 2 4h内最高 ,然后急剧减低 ,14～ 5 6d间虽有减低但仍持续释放一定量氟 ;GIC(GCTypeIII、3M、上海青浦 )在蒸馏水中释放氟量明显高于人工唾液 ,松风产GIC在人工唾液中释放氟量明显高于蒸馏水中释放氟量 ;气相色谱测定溶出液氟量明显高于氟离子选择电极方法测定值。结论　本研究的 6种玻璃离子水门汀均能够释放氟 ,推测可能具有预防继发龋的作用     

影响玻璃离子水门汀粘接强度的因素

玻璃离子水门汀作为一种齿科常用的修复粘接材料,被广泛应用于口腔临床治疗。由于处在复杂多变的口腔环境中,其粘接强度成了良好治疗效果的重要前提。本文就影响玻璃离子水门汀粘接强度的因素作一简要综述。     

玻璃离子水门汀粉末氟含量的探讨

玻璃离子水门汀广泛应用于齿科临床,其粉末中含有大量的氟化合物.能够长期持续释放氟。为明确玻璃离子水门汀含氟量,应用微量扩散方法、改良微量扩散方法.盐酸抽提方法对玻璃离子水门汀粉末中氟含量进行测定,得出如下结论:盐酸抽提方法能够测定玻璃离子水门汀氟水平,且优于微量扩散方法;玻璃离子水门汀粉末中氟含量为 7.38～13.10％。     

含氟玻璃离子水门汀的研究进展

玻璃离子水门汀(Glass Ionomer Cement简称GIC)于1972年Willson发明以来,由于该材料对牙齿有较好的化学性粘结作用,且对牙髓刺激性小等诸多优点,已被口腔科临床广泛用于充填、粘结、洞基衬,牙本质过敏的治疗及窝沟封闭等.其最主要的特点是生产过程中作为基质添加着大量的氟化物,氟化物能够长期释放氟离子,提高牙齿的抗酸性,改变充填体周围牙菌斑的性状,抑制龋病的发生、发展,在防治龋病方面有极其重要的作用,本文就近十年来含氟GIC的研究进展予以综述.     

玻璃离子水门汀的研究进展

玻璃离子水门汀(GIC)作为传统的口腔修复材料已在口腔临床工作中应用了相当长的时间。但在临床应用中发现,传统玻璃离子水门汀存在着诸多缺点。近年来,研究者又在传统玻璃离子的基础上通过加入新成分相继开发出新型改性型玻璃离子水门汀。该文对近几年玻璃离子水门汀的发展做一简要综述。     

3种玻璃离子水门汀氟释放能力的体外研究

目的：对比研究3种玻璃离子水门汀在人工唾液中的氟释放能力。方法：选择FujiCem、FujiPlus和FujiI水门汀,分别制备10个直径4mm,高8mm的试样,每个试样浸入1ml人工唾液中,恒温37℃。采用离子选择电极分别于第1d、2d、3d、7d、14d、30d、90d测定3种材料的氟释放量。采用SPSS13．0软件进行统计分析。结果：3种材料均在第1d的氟释放量最高。第2d急剧下降,随后氟离子释放趋于平稳。在各个测量时间点,FujiCem的氟释放累积量最高,除了第1d外,FujiPlus释放量最低,且3种材料在90d测定的氟累积释放量总体均数间、组间两两比较均存在显著差异,P〈0．05,有统计学意义。结论：3种材料均能在一定时间内持续缓慢地向周围环境中释放氟离子,而FujiCem显示出更好的氟离子释放能力,在预防继发龋的发生方面具有一定的优势。     

影响玻璃离子水门汀粘结强度的因素

玻璃离子水门汀作为牙科充填和粘结材料,以其优良的性能特点在口腔临床被广泛应用,其粘结强度及稳定性对修复体的固位及使用寿命有着较大的影响。本文对水门汀粘结强度的影响因素作一简单的综述。     

氟保护漆在金属烤瓷冠修复中的应用

目的观察氟保护漆在活髓牙金属烤瓷冠修复中的临床疗效.方法将138名患者184颗活髓基牙随机分为两组,实验组基牙预备后及粘固金属烤瓷冠修复体前用氟保护漆对基牙作脱敏处理;对照组常规粘固临时冠及金属烤瓷冠.结果实验组治疗不满意率为0;对照组治疗不满意率达6.7%.结论该方法操作简单,疗效好,具有临床推广价值.     

Effects of extraction media upon fluoride release from a resin-modified glass-ionomer cement

Previous studies have shown that various factors such as ionic composition or pH of the extraction medium may significantly influence leaching of components from restorative materials. Therefore, it was the aim of this investigation to determine the release of fluoride from a resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (GIC) following storage in various extraction media, including an esterase buffer. Specimens of the resin-modified GIC, Fuji II LC, were stored for 144 h in deionized water, acidic buffer (pH 4.2), neutral buffer (pH 7.0), and neutral buffer supplemented with porcine liver esterase. Fluoride release into the various media was measured every 48 h over a 6-day period. In addition, activity of porcine esterase in neutral buffer (artificial saliva) was measured for up to 144 h. The data were statistically evaluated by three-way ANOVA using the Student-Newman-Keuls test (P<0.05). It was found that esterase activity in neutral artificial saliva decreased during the first 24 h to approximately 40% of the baseline value and then remained constant for up to 6 days. Fluoride release into the various storage media varied significantly (P<0.05). The highest amounts of fluoride were released into deionized water (30.9 ppm±1.1) and acidic buffer (26.9 ppm±0.7) after 48 h. In addition, significantly more fluoride leached into esterase-containing neutral artificial saliva (6.9 ppm±0.2) than into neutral buffer without enzyme (6.3 ppm±0.2) after 96 h. Our data indicate that fluoride release from the resin-modified GIC investigated may be increased under acidic conditions and by hydrolysis in saliva. Received: 23 July 1998 / Accepted: 7 September 1998     

The effect of temperature and ionic solutes on the fluoride release and recharge of glass-ionomer cements

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of storage temperature and the presence of sodium chloride in solution on the fluoride uptake and release of glass-ionomer cements.MethodsSeveral commercial brands were used, and stored at either room temperature (21–23 °C) or 37 °C, in KF solution at a concentration of 1000 ppm F⁻ with and without 0.9% NaCl present. Fluoride levels in the storage solutions after 24 h were measured using a fluoride-ion selective electrode. Specimens were then stored in water, and fluoride release after 24 h was determined. Studies were also carried out to determine chloride levels when specimens were stored in 0.9% NaCl, with or without 1000 ppm fluoride, again using an ion selective electrode.ResultsAll glass-ionomer specimens took up fluoride, and most of the fluoride was retained over the next 24 h when the specimens were stored in water. There was a slight variation in the amount of fluoride taken up with storage temperature and with the presence of sodium chloride. All specimens also took up chloride, with greater uptake at higher temperatures, but little or no effect when KF was also present in solution.SignificanceThe substantial retention of fluoride after 24 h in deionised water confirms previous findings and suggests that an insoluble species, possibly SrF₂, forms in situ. Chloride uptake has not been reported previously, and its significance requires further investigation. Fluoride and chloride uptake were apparently independent of each other, which suggests that the ions are taken up at different sites in the cement. This may relate to differences in the respective sizes and hydration states of F⁻ and Cl⁻ ions.     

老年患者烤瓷冠修复后龈沟液成分的变化

目的：探讨老年患者烤瓷冠修复后龈沟液成分的变化.方法：选取近两年在我院口腔修复科就诊的60岁以上,需进行烤瓷单冠修复的患者50例为受试对象,其中男25性名,女性25名,年龄60-69岁,常规牙周洁治后采用钴铬合金烤瓷单冠修复,分别在修复前以及修复后1,2个月检测基牙龈沟液的分泌量以及白细胞介素1β,碱性磷酸酶和肿瘤坏死因子α水平.结果：修复后1个月基牙龈沟液分泌量以及白细胞介素1,碱性磷酸酶和肿瘤坏死因子α水平明显高于修复前（分别为龈沟液分泌量：0.18±0.012 VS 0.46±0.024＊＊;白细胞介素1：6.42±0.87 VS 27,73±7.62＊＊;碱性磷酸酶：34.27±6.41VS 48.32±5.49＊;肿瘤坏死因子α：0.88±0.052 VS1.75±0.45＊＊）.修复后2个月基牙龈沟液分泌量和白细胞介素1仍显著高于修复前（分别为龈沟液分泌量：0.18±0.012 VS 0.31±0.019＊＊;白细胞介素1：6.42±0.87 VS 19.45±6.04＊＊）,但碱性磷酸酶和肿瘤坏死因子α水平与修复前比较无显著性差异（碱性磷酸酶：34.27±6.41 VS 38,66±8.92;肿瘤坏死因子α：0.88±0.052 VS l.02±0.61）.结论：钴铬合金烤瓷单冠修复可使老年患者龈沟液分泌量增加,相关炎性因子表达增高.     

两种金属烤瓷冠引起MRI伪影的研究

目的观察两种金属引起MRI伪影的程度。方法实验选择两种金属烤瓷冠,即61镍铬合金烤瓷冠及61金合金烤瓷冠,并以61烤瓷冠蜡型作为对照组,每组各3个样本,在1.5Tesla磁共振成像仪（GE Signa Twinspeed）上进行,对MRI伪影进行测量和分析。结果两种金属烤瓷冠所引起MRI伪影的大小之间存在统计学差异（P〈0.01）。镍铬合金烤瓷冠所产生的MRI伪影明显大于金合金烤瓷冠所产生的MRI伪影。对照组不产生伪影。结论 86.2%的金合金烤瓷冠仅产生少量伪影,基本不会影响MRI检查时对周围解剖结构的观察。     

选择性激光熔融钴铬合金烤瓷冠适合性的实验研究

目的评价选择性激光熔融（selective laser melting,SLM）技术和常规失蜡（10st-wax,Lw）铸造技术制作钻铬合金烤瓷冠的适合性。方法将48颗尺寸统一的树脂代型编号后随机分为两组,每组24颗,分别采用SLM法和LW法制成钴铬合金烤瓷冠,用玻璃离子水门汀粘固于对应编号的树脂代型上,片切后用体视硅微镜测量烤瓷冠的适合性。结果SLM绀与LW组的边缘适合性分别为（25．04±5．42）μm、（27．40±6．34）μm,差异无统计学意义（t=-1．751,P=0．084）;SLM纰与LW组的恰向适合性分别为（32．64±8．85）μm、（56．15±15．81）μm,差异有统计学意义（t=5．942,P=0．034）;SLM组与LW组的内部适合性分别为（35．86±8．05）μm、（25．73±4．78）μm,差异有统计学意义（t=4．928,P=0．033）。结论采用SLM法和LW法制作的钴铬合金烤瓷冠,适合性均可满足临床需要,SLM法制作的钴铬合金烤瓷冠的袷向适合性和内部适合性优于LW法。     

Effect of resin-modified glass-ionomer cement lining and composite layering technique on the adhesive interface of lateral wall

Interface integrity can be maintained by setting the composite in a layering technique and using liners.

Objective

The aim of this in vitro study was to verify the effect of resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RMGIC) lining and composite layering technique on the bond strength of the dentin/resin adhesive interface of lateral walls of occlusal restorations.

Material and Methods

Occlusal cavities were prepared in 52 extracted sound human molars, randomly assigned into 4 groups: Group 2H (control) – no lining + two horizontal layers; Group 4O: no lining + four oblique layers; Group V-2H: RMGIC lining (Vitrebond) + two horizontal layers; and Group V-4O: RMGIC lining (Vitrebond) + four oblique layers. Resin composite (Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE) was placed after application of an adhesive system (Adper™ Single Bond 2, 3M ESPE) dyed with a fluorescent reagent (Rhodamine B) to allow confocal microscopy analysis. The teeth were stored in deionized water at 37^oC for 24 hours before being sectioned into 0.8 mm slices. One slice of each tooth was randomly selected for Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) analysis. The other slices were sectioned into 0.8 mm x 0.8 mm sticks to microtensile bond strength test (MPa). Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Fisher’s test.

Results

There was no statistical difference on bond strength among groups (p>0.05). CLSM analysis showed no significant statistical difference regarding the presence of gap at the interface dentin/resin among groups.

Conclusions

RMGIC lining and composite layering techniques showed no effect on the microtensile bond strength and gap formation at the adhesive interface of lateral walls of high C-factor occlusal restorations.     

护牙素对金属烤瓷全冠基牙表面形态的影响

目的研究护牙素对金属烤瓷全冠基牙制备后牙齿表面形态的影响。方法选择临床拔除的阻生牙20颗,按照金属烤瓷全冠制备要求预备基牙后随机分为对照组和实验组,每组10颗。实验组基牙表面开窗区涂布护牙素,对照组不作其他处理,然后置于37℃蒸馏水中恒温水浴30 min。2组标本脱水干燥后,扫描电镜观察表面形态。结果扫描电镜下对照组基牙表面条纹状痕迹明显,凹凸不平,牙面呈凌乱的疏松无定形状态。实验组牙面表面痕迹较浅,见密集钙质小团的沉积覆盖牙面。结论金属烤瓷全冠的基牙预备后,使用护牙素可以改变牙齿表面微结构。     

染色方式及烧结温度对金瓷修复体颜色的影响

目的:探讨不同染色方式和烧结温度对金属烤瓷颜色的影响。方法:利用预制标准模具,制作40个直径15mm、长6mm的圆柱状金属烤瓷标准试件并进行着色。金属基底、遮色瓷层、牙本质瓷层及釉质瓷层厚度分别为2mm、1mm、2mm和1mm。制作过程分A-E5组,每组8个。A组采用内染法;B组采用外染法,两组均用900℃烧结温度;C到E组均采用外染法,但烧结温度分别为880℃、900℃、920℃。瓷粉和着色剂采用松风A2色及松风44色着色剂系列。以标准白板作参照,用测色仪测定各试件的颜色值(L*a*b*坐标)并进行t检验和单因素方差分析。结果:B组(外染法)和A组(内染法)的色差值△E、b*值和彩度值△Cab*分别为43.72±2.99,26.51±1.64,31.31±2.48和39.71±1.78,23.69±0.36,26.55±2.16,前者显著大于后者(P<0.05);C、D、E组的各颜色参数无显著性差异。结论:染色方法对修复体的颜色有明显影响;在临床常用的烧结温度范围内,温度的变化对外染法的颜色无明显影响。