结直肠癌腹腔镜手术的研究进展

自1991年Jacobs首次报道腹腔镜辅助结肠手术至今,结直肠癌腹腔镜手术已开展了20余年.围绕结直肠癌腹腔镜手术的安全性、有效性以及进一步拓展腹腔镜手术微创优势的问题,国内外开展了大量的临床研究. 1 结直肠癌腹腔镜手术的安全性和有效性 早期阶段,受手术器械和医师经验的限制,腹腔镜结直肠癌手术比较困难.具体表现为手术时间明显长于传统开腹手术、较高的中转开腹比例和难以完成低位直肠癌等困难手术.因此,早期有外科医师尝试通过手助降低腹腔镜手术的难度.但是,Berends等[1]报道腹腔镜术后切口种植率高达21％,进一步加深了对腹腔镜手术治疗结直肠癌安全性的质疑.     

直肠外翻拖出式腹腔镜直肠癌Dixon手术的体会

直肠外翻拖出式腹腔镜直肠癌Dixon手术是腹腔镜直肠癌手术的术式之一.我们2007年1月至2009年2月为15例直肠癌患者实施了直肠外翻拖出式腹腔镜Dixon手术,疗效满意,报道如下.     

腹腔镜低位直肠癌保肛手术进展

直肠癌是消化道常见的恶性肿瘤之一.腹腔镜技术现已广泛用于直肠癌手术.现就腹腔镜低位直肠癌保肛手术的发展与现状做一综述.     

结直肠癌腹腔镜手术与开腹手术的分析比较

结直肠癌是危害人类健康的主要恶性肿瘤之一,手术仍然是目前主要的治疗手段.腹腔镜结直肠癌手术已开展了十余年,不断发展,在结直肠外科领域逐渐巩固了地位.本文就结直肠癌的腹腔镜手术与开腹手术在安全性、对机体病理生理的影响、疗效等方面进行比较,探讨腹腔镜在结直肠癌治疗中的应用价值.     

腹腔镜治疗结直肠癌的进展及临床体会

腹腔镜治疗结直肠癌手术自1991年开展以来,随着手术技术的不断提高和各类器械的不断完善,手术例数和技术在随后的20年内得到了快速发展[1].然而,目前传统的开腹结直肠癌根治术仍然占据着主流地位.当腹腔镜胆囊切除术已成为了胆囊切除的"金标准"时,腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术仍未被许多临床医师及患者所接受.     

腹腔镜治疗结直肠癌的进展及临床体会

腹腔镜治疗结直肠癌手术自1991年开展以来,随着手术技术的不断提高和各类器械的不断完善,手术例数和技术在随后的20年内得到了快速发展[1].然而,目前传统的开腹结直肠癌根治术仍然占据着主流地位.当腹腔镜胆囊切除术已成为了胆囊切除的"金标准"时,腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术仍未被许多临床医师及患者所接受.     

中国腹腔镜直肠癌手术30年术式变迁与发展

直肠癌是结直肠癌中占比最高的疾病,手术治疗是治愈直肠癌最重要的手段。中国腹腔镜辅助直肠癌手术自1993年首次报道,随着腹腔镜设备及技术的发展,极大的促进了腹腔镜辅助直肠癌手术的革新,腹腔镜辅助直肠癌手术已成为直肠癌患者治疗的标准术式。本文总结了腹腔镜直肠癌手术相关术式包括手辅助腹腔镜手术、经自然腔道直肠肿物取出术、经肛全直肠系膜切除术、经肛提肌外腹会阴联合切除术、单孔腹腔镜手术及相关循证研究进展。腹腔镜辅助直肠癌手术部分关键问题依然存在争议,但随着RCT研究的开展论证,这些问题都将得到解决。未来个体化的腹腔镜直肠癌手术必将明显改善直肠癌患者的预后。     

机器人结直肠癌手术中国专家共识(2020版)解读

微创手术是当代外科的主流.结肠癌的腹腔镜手术已经得到广泛认可[1 -2].对于直肠癌,特别是中低位直肠癌,腹腔镜手术难度较大,其根治效果尚存在一定的争议:国际多中心ALaCaRT研究比较了腹腔镜直肠癌手术和开腹手术的根治性切除率,提示腹腔镜手术可能劣于开腹手术(82％ vs.89％),劣势主要集中在环周切缘方面(93％...     

腹腔镜低位直肠癌切除保肛术的实践与技术

腹腔镜技术在低位直肠癌治疗中的应用仍是当前结直肠手术发展中极受关注的热点问题之一.正确合理的手术操作技术和充分的手术实践是腹腔镜直肠癌手术得以安全有效开展的基础.腹腔镜低位直肠前切除术、腹腔镜低位直肠前切除术联合经肛门括约肌间切除或经肛门直肠脱出外翻等术式是腹腔镜下低位直肠癌切除保肛手术可选的手术方法.而根据肿瘤位置的高低,还可选择吻合器法或经肛结肠肛管吻合等吻合方法.     

腹腔镜手术治疗结直肠癌

结直肠癌是我国常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其发病率呈逐年上升趋势.腹腔镜手术创伤小、并发症少.1993年欧美国家已开始应用腹腔镜辅助进行结直肠癌根治术.本研究回顾性分析2005年6月至2009年1月我科448例采用腹腔镜手术治疗结直肠癌患者的临床资料,探讨手术疗效.     

Esophageal carcinoma following bariatric procedures.

BACKGROUND: The long-term success of bariatric operations for weight reduction has been well documented, but their potential effects on the risk of esophageal cancer have not been evaluated. METHODS: We performed operations on 3 patients for esophageal cancer following bariatric operations: 2 had Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, and 1 underwent vertical banded gastroplasty. All of these patients had adenocarcinoma at the gastroesophageal junction; 1 involved the entire intrathoracic esophagus. RESULTS: The intervals between the weight-loss operations and cancer diagnoses were 21, 16, and 14 years. All 3 patients had symptoms of reflux for many years before dysphagia developed and cancer was diagnosed. We performed a limited esophagogastrectomy, a classic Ivor-Lewis procedure, and a total esophagectomy with jejunal free-tissue transfer from stomach to cervical esophagus. Two patients had positive lymph nodes. One patient is alive at 6 years; 2 died at 13 and 15 months after undergoing operation for recurrent cancer. CONCLUSION: The effect of bariatric operations on gastroesophageal reflux is not known, although gastric bypass has been advocated as the "ultimate antireflux procedure." The presence of esophageal cancer in these 3 patients years after the weight loss operation is worrisome. We believe that patients who develop new symptoms should have endoscopic evaluation and that epidemiologic studies on the incidence of esophageal cancer occurring years after bariatric operation should be performed.     

Gastric carcinoma following operation for peptic ulcer disease

Gastric carcinoma following operation for benign peptic ulcer disease has been considered rare but nine patients have been seen during the past five years. All were male patients, the average time interval from prior ulcer operation to development of cancer was 17 years, but was a short as ten years. The symptoms of cancer are vague and the diagnosis is often delayed. Fiberoptic endoscopy with biopsy of suspicious areas is the most accurate diagnostic approach. Resection of the tumor is indicated if feasible. The poor prognosis of this malignancy is documented. The evidence is reviewed that the creation of achlorhydria with bile reflux increases the risk of development of gastric carcinoma. All patients who undergo peptic ulcer operation require careful long-term follow-up. Vague gastrointestinal symptoms occurring ten years or more after peptic ulcer operation require full evaluation to exclude the presence of gastric cancer.     

壶腹及壶腹周围癌51例治疗分析

目的 探讨壶腹及壶腹周围癌的手术治疗措施。方法 对３２例壶腹及壶腹周围癌患者行Ｗｈｉｐｐｌｅ手术。３２例中术前因胆道梗阻合并感染行胆囊造瘘引流１０例;术中胆囊造瘘引流１６例,Ｔ管引流４例。多孔硅胶管插入胰管５ｃｍ支撑,另一端置空肠引流３２例。与同期内未行手术治疗者１９例对比。结果 术后胆瘘１例,胰瘘１例,无手术死亡者,全组平均随访５年,１、３、５年生存者分别为３１例、１７例、１１例,５年生存率为３     

Clinical profile of long-term survivors of breast or thyroid cancer with metastatic spinal tumours

Patients with breast or thyroid cancer with metastatic spinal tumours are expected to survive relatively longer than patients with other cancers with metastatic spinal tumours. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics of long-term survivors of breast or thyroid cancer with metastatic spinal tumours. We studied the clinical profile of long-term survivors by comparing the characteristics of nine patients who had survived for at least 5 years after a spinal operation with the characteristics of 16 patients who had not. Our results showed that the longer the time from the diagnosis of the primary cancer to the spinal operation, the longer patients with breast or thyroid cancer and metastatic spinal tumours would survive. Six of the eight patients (75.0%) who had undergone the spinal operation at least 5 years after the diagnosis of the primary cancer survived especially long. In conclusion, the duration from the diagnosis of the primary cancer to the spinal operation is very useful for predicting a prognosis in patients with breast or thyroid cancer and metastatic spinal tumours.     

直肠癌保肛术与Milse术临床疗效比较分析

目的 探讨保肛术式和Milse术式治疗直肠癌的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析1980年1月至2006年572例直肠癌手术,其中施行各种保肛术式403例和Milse术式169例.对患者术后并发症、复发率、转移率和五年生存率等进行比分析.;结果 随访时间为0.5～25年,中位随访时间为9.5年,随访率为76.2%(436/572).术后总的局部复发率为6.7%(29/436),各种保留肛门术式为6.3%(20/317),其中套入式结肠直肠黏膜吻合保肛术为4.9%(9/182),Dixon手术为7.2%(4/55),改良Bacon术为11.1%(1/9),前切除吻合器吻合术为8.4(6/71),Miles手术为7.6%(9/119),差异无统计学意义(x2=1.3942,P>0.05),显示出术后局部复发率略有下降可能与近年来重视直肠全系膜切除有关.术后总的远处转移率为15.8%(69/436).各种保留肛门术式为15.7%(50/317),Miles手术为16.2%(19/119),差异无统计学意义(x2=0.6672,P>0.05).术后总体5年生存率为67.6%(295/436),其中Miles手术为68.3%(80/119),保留肛门手术为67.8%(215/317).其中套入式结肠直肠黏膜吻合保肛术为72.5%(132/182).比较术后五年生存率套入式吻合保肛术略有提高,但差异无统计学意义(x2=0.667:P>0.05).表明了与近10年来TME手术开展,以及综合治疗手段得到了加强有关.结论 直肠癌保肛术后局部复发率和五年生存率与Miles手术基本相同,但患者生活质量得到明显提高.直肠癌术式确定应根据病变部位、生物学特性,临床分期、进行个体化选择.     

Carcinoma of urachus: report of 15 cases and review of literature--is total cystectomy the treatment of choice for urachal carcinoma?

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to determine the most appropriate type of operation for the improvement of the radical cure rate and QOL of patients with urachal cancer. We assessed the association between the stage, type of operation, and prognosis of cases we experienced and those reported in Japan. PATIENTS AND METHOD: The subjects included 15 cases of urachal cancer we have experienced in the past 14 years. While clarifying the clinical patterns of these cases, the association between stage, type of operation, and prognosis was studied. Of the cases of urachal cancer reported in Japan in the recent 20 years, 75 cases in which the stage, type of operation, and prognosis were documented were selected, and the association between the stage and outcome in each type of operation was studied. RESULTS: In regard to stage, all the cases were rated as more than IIIA. As for prognosis, 9 cases (60%) are alive without cancer at the present time with a mean survival time of 7 years. Of the above patients, 3 underwent cystectomy and 6 underwent en bloc segmental resection (herein after referred to en bloc). Recurrence or cancer death was experienced in 5 patients, 2 of which were classified as stage IIIA and 3 as IIID. Of these patients, one underwent en bloc, 3 partial resection of the bladder, and one underwent exploratory laparotomy. As far as our study of the cases reported in Japan is concerned, the prognosis of the cases having undergone only partial resection of the bladder was poor, while of the cases having undergone en bloc or total cystectomy 88-100% were alive without cancer for more than 2 years if their stage was classified as IIIA or below. On the other hand, prognosis was very poor whatever the type of operation in the cases whose cancer was stage IIIC or above. CONCLUSIONS: It appears that the en bloc is most appropriate as the type of operation for the cases of urachal cancer and that the application of total cystectomy is limited to some cases. In performing the en bloc, an extensive resection of the peritoneum, resection of the posterior sheath of the rectus muscle of the abdomen, and dissection of the intrapelvic lymph nodes in addition to the conventional types of operation should be carried out positively.     

直肠癌手术对男性性功能和排尿功能的影响

目的　研究直肠癌患者术后性功能和排尿功能的变化。方法　对我院 79例直肠癌患者通过调查的方式调查术后性功能和排尿功能情况 ,并按年龄、术式进行回顾性分析。结果　性功能障碍小于 40岁患者为 3 7.5 % ,40 -5 9岁为 60 .4% ,大于 60岁为 95 .7%。Miles术后并发性功能障碍为 80 .5 % ,近期排尿困难为 46.3 % (1 9 41 ) ,远期排尿困难为 4.9% (2 41 ) ;Dixon术后并发性功能障碍5 5 .3 % ,近期排尿困难为 2 8.9% (1 1 3 8) ,无远期排尿困难。结论　男性直肠癌患者术后性功能和排尿功能障碍发生率高。手术时患者的年龄和手术方式对其发生率有直接影响。保留植物神经的直肠癌根治术可有效地减少患者术后性功能和排尿功能障碍     

Second surgical intervention for contralateral recurrence or second primary lung cancer

Resection of contralateral lung cancer (6 cases of pulmonary metastasis from the first lung cancer and one case of second primary lung cancer) were evaluated retrospectively in terms of postoperative complication, pulmonary function and survival rate. Out of 691 cases with resected non small cell lung cancer, 7 cases (1.0%) had contralateral lung cancer which were resected as the second operation. Six cases were squamous cell carcinoma and one case was adenocarcinoma. The interval between the first and the second operation was 12 months to 10 years (average 46 months). The post-operative stage of first lung cancer were stage I in 5 cases and stage IIIB in 2 cases, but no case had lymphadenopathy at the first operation. Operative procedures for contralateral lung were as follows; one case of lobectomy----lobectomy, one case of lobectomy----segmentectomy, two cases of lobectomy----partial resection, two cases of pneumonectomy----partial resection. For a metachronous lung cancer, right upper sleeve lobectomy was done as the first operation followed by left lower sleeve lobectomy as the second cancer five years later. Contralateral lung resection impaired pulmonary function, but all cases well tolerated the second operation. The five-years survival rate after second operation was 40.0%.     

直肠癌外科手术治疗的发展历程

目的 外科手术治疗直肠癌已有数百年的历史,在麻醉技术应用临床之后,现代外科手术切除直肠癌的许多经典术式至今仍然在学界内传诵.国内涉及历史的文献很少,现按时间轴线,总结出直肠癌外科手术的发展历程.方法 检索、查询和阅读近20年的相关文献,尽量追溯原始刊物,探究直肠癌外科手术方式的发展历程.结果 共查询阅读文献百余篇,文后列出40余篇.根据文献检索,按现代外科原则实施的直肠癌外科手术可以追溯到1739年,时间跨度270余年,基本涵盖了直肠癌现代外科手术治疗的发展过程.最初百余年的手术范围小,治疗效果差.许多外科治疗相关的学科发展和理论知识是在最近百余年得以奠定的,直肠癌外科手术方式逐渐成熟并定型.结论 直肠癌外科手术在经历了200多年的发展,不断融入新理念、新技术之后,现今的直肠癌外科手术虽然沿用其名,但却赋予了丰富的内涵.全直肠系膜切除概念的提出、远端2 cm切缘的采用、吻合器械的问世、术前联合放化疗的应用以及腹腔镜手术的推广,使得直肠癌切除之后的吻合更低、手术创伤更小、生活质量更好以及存活率更高.新药物的问世和术前治疗技术的提高,使直肠癌的治疗模式已从单一的外科手术治疗逐步转向多学科的综合治疗.     

A case of lung large cell carcinoma that survived for 8 years after resection of a solitary metastatic lymph node]

A 54-year-old man who underwent Miles operation for primary rectal cancer, had undergone right upper lobectomy for large cell carcinoma of the right lung 2 years before. In the Miles operation, the large lymph node was palpable in the mesenterium near the small intestine. Small bowel resection with lymphadenectomy was performed. Histological examination showed lymph node metastatic large cell carcinoma of the lung. The patient has survived for 8 years after the second operation without recurrence. Large cell carcinoma of the lung tends to metastasize to digestive organs, so careful follow-up is necessary after surgery. Surgical treatment for a solitary metastatic lesion of lung cancer is considered to be effective and to have a satisfactory prognosis.