Glucose tolerance,plasma lipoproteins and tissue lipoprotein lipase activities in body builders

Summary Oral glucose tolerance, insulin binding to erythrocyte receptors, serum lipids, and lipoproteins, and lipoprotein lipase activities of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle were measured in nine body builders (relative body weight (RBW) 118±4%), eight weight-matched (RBW 120±5%) and seven normal-weight controls (RBW 111±3%). The body builders had 50% higher relative muscle mass of body weight (% muscle) and 50% smaller relative body fat content (% fat) than the two other groups (P<0.005). Maximal aerobic power was comparable in the three groups. In the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), blood glucose levels, and plasma insulin levels were lower (P<0.05) in the body builders than in weight-matched controls. Insulin binding to erythrocytes was similar in each group. On the basis of multiple linear regression analysis, 87% of the variation in plasma insulin response could be explained by body composition (% muscle and % fat) and .Plasma total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride concentrations were significantly lower in the body builders than in weight-matched controls. In comparison with the normal-weight group, the body builders had a lower total cholesterol level. High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, its subfractions (HDL₂ and HDL₃ cholesterol) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activities of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle were comparable in all three groups. Partial correlation analysis showed a positive relationship between plasma total triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol on the other hand and the % fat on the other.The results indicate that a shift in body composition from the adipose to the muscular type is associated with 1) lower glucose and insulin levels during the OGTT and 2) decrease in total and VLDL triglyceride and in total and LDL cholesterol levels but unchanged HDL cholesterol level. Thus, body builders are characterized by some metabolic features which decrease the risk of coronary heart disease. In contrast to aerobic training, body building does not influence HDL or its subfractions.     

Decreased insulin receptor binding in hyperthyroidism

Summary The binding of¹²⁵I-insulin to insulin receptors on circulating mononuclear leukocytes was studied in ten patients with hyperthyroidism and 20 euthyroid normal volunteers. The hyperthyroid patients demonstrated significantly elevated glucose levels following an oral glucose load, despite normal insulin secretion. The infusion of insulin resulted in a delayed hypoglycaemic effect in the hyperthyroid patients; however, the inhibition of the endogenous insulin secretion as indicated by suppression of C-peptide levels was not different from euthyroid control subjects. Insulin binding to monocytes was significantly decreased in the hyperthyroid patients. Scatchard analysis of binding data indicates that a decrease of receptor number rather than receptor affinity seems to be the cause of the lowered insulin binding in hyperthyroid patients with diffuse toxic goitre. The findings of decreased insulin receptor number, mild degree of glucose intolerance despite normal insulin secretion and the delayed hypoglycaemic effect following insulin infusion suggest that peripheral insulin resistance could be involved in the highly complex pathophysiology of glucose intolerance in hyperthyroidism.Abkürzungsverzeichnis T4 thyroxine - T3 triiodothronine - OGTT Oral Glucose Tolerance Test - K_E insulin tracer concentration Presented in part at the 12th Annual Meeting of the European Thyroid Association, Brussels, September 6–10, 1982     

Effect of chronic restraint stress on carbohydrate metabolism in rat

There is some evidence suggesting that stress may induce diabetes mellitus; the effects of restraint stress however need to be investigated. The present study investigates the role of chronic restraint stress on carbohydrate metabolism in male rats. The animals of the stressed group (n=8) were exposed to different restraint stressors (1 h twice daily) for 30 days. On days 1, 15 and 30, before stress exposure, the animals were weighed and fasting blood samples were obtained by tail snipping and subsequently oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were carried out. Fasting plasma glucose levels on the 15th day and the plasma glucose concentrations, on the 15th and 30th days of the experiment at 15 and 60 min following OGTT, in the stressed group, were significantly higher as compared to the control group. In the stressed group, fasting plasma insulin levels on the 15th and 30th days of the experiment and the plasma insulin concentrations, on the 15th day at 15 and 60 min after performing OGTT, were significantly lower as compared to the control group. Fasting plasma corticosterone concentrations were significantly increased on the 15th day of the experiment in the stressed rats as compared to the control rats and to concentrations on the 1st day. The weights of the stressed rats on the 15th and 30th experimental days were significantly lower than the controls. In conclusion, chronic restraint stress for 30 days leads to low body weight gain in rats and impairs glucose metabolism perhaps by affecting corticosterone and insulin secretion and by inducing a degree of insulin resistance.     

糖皮质激素治疗对COPD急性发作期患者糖代谢的影响

目的探讨糖皮质激素治疗对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)急性发作期患者糖代谢的影响.方法采用OGTT和胰岛素释放试验检测COPD急性发作期患者静点地塞米松后血糖及胰岛素水平.结果1.中重度低氧血症者空腹血糖及血浆胰岛素水平明显升高,血糖与PaO2呈显然负相关(r=-0.5242,p＜0.05);2.中重度低氧血症者各时点血糖水平显著性升高与轻度低氧血症者相比,有显著性差异(p＜0.05,p＜0.001),耐糖曲线峰值在糖负荷后1～2小时;3.应用糖皮质激素后,糖负荷后半小时、1小时血糖明显高于治疗前,耐糖曲线高峰前移,胰岛素释放水平均明显高于治疗前,治疗前后对比存在显著性差异(p＜0.05).结论COPD急性发作期合并低氧血症患者存在糖耐量减低,应用糖皮质激素使上述损害加重.     

原发性高血压患者糖负荷后血糖和胰岛素变化对游离脂肪酸水平的影响

目的:探讨糖负荷后血糖和胰岛素变化对血清游离脂肪酸(FFA)水平的影响。方法: 234例高血压病患者[2型糖尿病(DM)20例,糖耐量低减(IGT)74例,正常糖耐量(NGT)140例;男98例,女136例]做口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT),测定0、30、60、120 min时相的葡萄糖、血清胰岛素和FFA水平。结果: 空腹血清FFA浓度(μmol/L):DM组(1 048.7±481.6)显著高于IGT组(706.1±332.1)(P＜0.05)和NGT组(725.8±353.9)(P＜0.05)。DM组OGTT血糖水平显著升高,胰岛素释放曲线呈反应低平,高峰不明显或呈延迟相。3组FFA释放均呈低下,DM组更为显著。30、60、120 min时相的血清FFA水平,3组均无显著差异。结论: 糖尿病患者空腹血清FFA水平升高,OGTT中糖尿病患者胰岛素分泌的绝对不足未能增大DM组FFA水平与IGT及NGT组的差异,相反缩小了与IGT和NGT组的差距,提示体内葡萄糖利用水平对血清FFA浓度可能有重要的影响。     

Plasma androgens and oestradiol during oral glucose tolerance test in patients with polycystic ovaries

Hyperinsulinaemia is common patients with polycystic ovaries (PCO), and a relationship between hyperinsulinaemia and hyperandrogenaemia has been suggested. We studied the effect of increased circulating insulin in response to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) on plasma levels of androgens and oestradiol in PCO patients and in healthy control subjects. A 75 g, 3 h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in eight non-obese and seven obese PCO patients, and in 10 non-obese control subjects. An additional group of five women were fasting during the study period. The increase in insulin concentration was higher in obese and non-obese PCO patients than in non-obese control subjects, and the peak values were observed at 30 or 60 min. In the fasting control subjects, the mean concentration of androstenedione decreased slightly due to a diurnal variation. During the OGTT, mean concentrations of androstenedione decreased in all groups at 30 min, after which a slight increase was observed in PCO patients and a plateau in control subjects. Similarly, mean testosterone increased after an initial decrease in obese PCO patients whereas no change was found in non-obese PCO patients. No statistically significant differences were found in the responses of androstenedione or testosterone levels to OGTT in obese or non-obese PCO patients compared to normals. No significant responses of plasma oestradiol levels to OGTT were found. These findings failed to demonstrate any significantly abnormal acute androgen responses to OGTT-stimulated hyperinsulinaemia in PCO patients, but did not exclude possible long-term effects of hyperinsulinaemia.     

The investigation of glucose metabolism and insulin secretion in subjects of chronic hepatitis B with cirrhosis

Aims: To investigate the situations of abnormal glucose metabolism and dysfunction of pancreatic islet beta cells in subjects of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) with cirrhosis. Methods: 106 hepatitis B virus (HBV) positive subjects with liver cirrhosis as well as with different grade of Child-Pugh and 37 healthy subjects were included in this study. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), C-peptide and insulin release test were detected. Plasma glucose and insulin levels were analyzed periodically for 2 h after oral glucose loading. Results: There was no significant difference in the level of fasting plasma glucose and C-peptide between cirrhosis group and control group (P>0.05). The levels of OGTT 2 h glucose, insulin and C peptide were significantly higher in cirrhosis group than control group (P<0.01). Peak plasma glucose levels were obtained at 60 min in normal group and cirrhosis group. The peak insulin and C-peptide response occurred at 60 min in normal group, whereas it was delayed to 120 min in cirrhosis group. There was a significant difference between two groups in the pattern of plasma glucose levels at corresponding time points (P<0.05). The OGTT 2 h glucose and insulin levels were positively correlated with Child-Pugh Score (r1 = 0.389, r2 = 0.508, P<0.01). Conclusion: These findings implied that there was a certain degree of insulin resistance and abnormal glucose metabolism in the patients with liver cirrhosis.     

Insulin sensitivity and sensory nerve function in non-diabetic human subjects

The direct effect of reduced insulin sensitivity (measured by insulin tolerance test and fasting plasma insulin) on sensory nerve function was examined in non-diabetic human subjects. Thermal sensation (measured by warm and cold perception thresholds) deteriorated with fasting hyperinsulinaemia in the presence of normoglycaemia and normal glucose tolerance. The results suggest a possible role for insulin in sensory nerve function, also that deficits in insulin action per se may adversely affect the function of small sensory nerves independent of glycaemic levels, and may thus be implicated in the aetiology of diabetic neuropathy.     

重组腺病毒介导的高抵抗素血症对小鼠糖代谢的影响

目的： 观察提高抵抗素水平对小鼠血糖和胰岛素敏感性的影响。方法: 将载有抵抗素基因的重组腺病毒经尾静脉注射构建高抵抗素血症小鼠模型,与正常对照组及对照病毒组比较小鼠空腹血糖和胰岛素水平,并通过腹腔糖耐量试验及腹腔胰岛素耐量试验观察小鼠糖耐量及胰岛素敏感性的变化。结果: 尾静脉注射重组腺病毒第5 d可获得血中抵抗素高表达,构建高抵抗素血症小鼠模型。与正常对照组及对照病毒组相比,血抵抗素升高对小鼠空腹血糖没有影响,但导致空腹胰岛素水平升高,糖耐量减低和胰岛素敏感性下降。结论: 抵抗素水平升高可影响小鼠糖代谢,可能与2型糖尿病发病相关。     

妊娠糖尿病患者血清中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白水平变化

目的:探讨糖代谢异常孕妇血清中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)水平变化的临床意义。方法:74例糖代谢异常孕妇及66例正常孕妇(NGT组)纳入研究。根据糖耐量试验(OGTT)将糖代谢异常孕妇分为妊娠期糖尿病组(GDM组,n=26)和妊娠期糖耐量受损组(GIGT组,n=48)。测定三组空腹血糖(FBG)、胰岛素(FINS)、NGAL及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)浓度,计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),并比较三组妊娠结局。结果:GDM组FBG、HOMA-IR、FINS、NGAL及TNF-α较GIGT组和NGT组显著升高(P<0.01);GIGT组仅HOMA-IR及NGAL高于NGT组(P<0.05)。所有患者血清NGAL与HOMA-IR呈显著正相关(r=0.886,P<0.01);GDM组血清NGAL还与FINS、TNF-α呈显著正相关(r=0.874,r=0.867,P均<0.01)。GDM组妊娠结局较GIGT组和NGT组差。结论:NGAL可能是一个敏感的GDM诊断指标;妊娠糖尿病中的高胰岛素抵抗状态可能是引起NGAL升高的因素。     

Gestational diabetes mellitus

Gestational diabetes (GDM) is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy and is associated with increased feto-maternal morbidity as well as long-term complications in mothers and offspring. GDM is diagnosed by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) or fasting glucose concentrations in the diabetic range. In case of a high risk for GDM/type 2 diabetes (history of GDM or prediabetes [impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance]; malformation, stillbirth, successive abortions or birth-weight > 4500 g in previous pregnancies) performance of the OGTT (120 min; 75 g glucose) is recommended already in the first trimester and--if normal--the OGTT should be repeated in the second/third trimester. In case of clinical symptoms of diabetes (glucosuria, macrosomia) the test has to be performed immediately. All other women should undergo a diagnostic test between 24 and 28 gestational weeks. If fasting plasma glucose exceeds 95 mg/dl, 1 h 180 mg/dl and 2 hrs 155 mg/dl after glucose loading (OGTT) the woman is classified as GDM (one pathological value is sufficient). In this case a strict metabolic control is mandatory. All women should receive nutritional counseling and be instructed in blood glucose self-monitoring. If blood glucose levels cannot be maintained in the normal range (fasting < 95 mg/dl and 1 h after meals < 130 mg/dl) insulin therapy should be initiated. Maternal and fetal monitoring is required in order to minimize maternal and fetal/neonatal morbidity and perinatal mortality. After delivery all women with GDM have to be reevaluated as to their glucose tolerance by a 75 g OGTT (WHO criteria).     

Leptin, soluble leptin receptor, adiponectin and resistin in relation to OGTT in overweight/obese postmenopausal women

OBJECTIVE: In obese postmenopausal women with normal glucose metabolism (NGT) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) we assessed serum leptin, adiponectin, resistin, soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R) during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in order to investigate their response to acute changes in glucose and insulin in the abnormal glucose metabolism, as it is early detected by IGT. METHODS: Thirty in total, overweight/obese postmenopausal women, were included in the study: 15 with NGT and 15 with IGT as it was diagnosed by OGTT. Serum glucose and insulin levels were measured at 30 min intervals, leptin, sOB-R, adiponectin and resistin at 60 min intervals during the 120 min OGTT. RESULTS: In fasting state, leptin, adiponectin, resistin and sOB-R levels did not differ between the two groups. In women with NGT, leptin was positively correlated with BMI, insulin and HOMA, and negatively correlated with QUICKI and with sOB-R; adiponectin was negatively correlated with insulin and HOMA and positively correlated with QUICKI. In women with IGT, resistin was positively correlated with BMI and waist circumference. In both groups, sOB-R was negatively correlated with insulin. During OGTT, in both groups, leptin concentration increased significantly and fasting glucose predicts significantly serum leptin change; there was no change in adiponectin, resistin and sOB-R concentrations. CONCLUSION: In overweight/obese postmenopausal women fat distribution does not affect leptin and adiponectin production. Abnormal glucose metabolism is not accompanied by disturbance in adipokines production. Leptin secretion is acutely regulated by glucose levels in insulin presence.     

高血压胰岛素抵抗与内皮素的相关性及其干预治疗

探讨内皮素与高血压胰岛素抵抗的相关性和卡托普利加左旋氨氯地平对高血压患者胰岛素抵抗的改善作用.选择在本院内科就诊的25例原发性高血压伴糖耐量异常患者,使用卡托普利加左旋氨氯地平联合用药治疗,在治疗前与治疗后测量收缩压、舒张压,测定空腹血糖、胰岛素、胰岛素抗体和胰岛素抵抗指数的变化.对照组21例为体检健康人群.高血压组血...     

内脂素、抵抗素在妊娠期糖尿病发病中的作用

目的探讨新近发现的两种脂肪细胞因子——内脂素和抵抗素,与胰岛素抵抗的关系及其在妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)发病中的作用。方法采用病例对照的研究方法,通过检测40例GDM孕妇和40例正常孕妇的血清内脂素(Visfa-tin)、抵抗素(Resistin)空腹血糖(FPG)和空腹胰岛素(FINS)水平,计算HOMA稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(IRI),比较两组胰岛素抵抗程度的差异,并进一步分析内脂素、抵抗素与胰岛素抵抗之间的关系及其在GDM发生过程中所起的作用。结果 (1)GDM组的血清内脂素、抵抗素、空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)和胰岛素抵抗指数(IRI)均明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。(2)相关分析表明:GDM孕妇的血清内脂素、抵抗素均与胰岛素抵抗指数(IRI)呈显著正相关(r=0.568,0.618,P=0.000),而内脂素与抵抗素之间亦呈密切正相关(r=0.919,P=0.000)。结论 (1)GDM孕妇的血清内脂素、抵抗素水平较正常孕妇明显增高。(2)内脂素、抵抗素均与胰岛素抵抗呈正相关。(3)血清内脂素、抵抗素水平增高以及二者对胰岛素敏感性调节所产生的综合效应是诱导妊娠期糖尿病发生或促进其发展的重要因素。     

妊娠期糖尿病患者CRP、PAI-1与IR相关性的初步探讨

目的探讨C-反应蛋白（CRP）、纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1（PAI—1）与胰岛素抵抗（IR）的关系及在GDM发病机制中的作用。方法分别测定29例妊娠糖尿病患者（GDM）、31例糖耐量异常（IGT）孕妇和35例糖耐量正常（NGT）孕妇的CRP、PAI-1及葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）的4点血糖和对应的胰岛素水平,同时计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA—IR）和胰岛β细胞功能指数（HOMA—HBCI）,分析比较各组的差异与关系。结果①NGT组HOMA—IR低于IGT和GDM组,均有统计学差异（P〈0．05）,NGT组的HOMA—HBCI高于IGT和GDM组,均有统计学差异（P〈0．05）②GDM组的CRP、PAI—1水平显著高于NGT和IGT组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。③相关性分析：血清CRP与空腹血糖（FPG）（r=0．331,P=0．01）、HOMA—IR（r=0．303,P=0．035）、孕前BMI（r=0．283,P=0．040）正相关;血浆PAI-1分别与HOMA—IR、空腹胰岛素（Flns）、孕前BMI正相关,相关系数分别为：r=0．525,P=0．001;r=0．550,P=0．001;r=0．625,P=0．000。结论GDM患者IR增加,但胰岛细胞分泌功能却下降,两者共同导致GDM的发生：炎症因子CRP、PAI—1都与IR有关．可能参与GDM的发生和发展。     

Effect of thiol antioxidant on body fat and insulin reactivity

Insulin signaling is enhanced by moderate concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and suppressed by persistent exposure to ROS. Diabetic patients show abnormally high ROS levels and a decrease in insulin reactivity which is ameliorated by antioxidants, such as N-acetylcysteine (NAC). A similar effect of NAC has not been reported for non-diabetic subjects. We now show that the insulin receptor (IR) kinase is inhibited in cell culture by physiologic concentrations of cysteine. In two double-blind trials involving a total of 140 non-diabetic subjects we found furthermore that NAC increased the HOMA-R index (derived from the fasting insulin and glucose concentrations) in smokers and obese patients, but not in nonobese non-smokers. In obese patients NAC also caused a decrease in glucose tolerance and body fat mass. Simultaneous treatment with creatine, a metabolite utilized by skeletal muscle and brain for the interconversion of ADP and ATP, reversed the NAC-mediated increase in HOMA-R index and the decrease in glucose tolerance without preventing the decrease in body fat. As the obese and hyperlipidemic patients had lower plasma thiol concentrations than the normolipidemic subjects, our results suggest that low thiol levels facilitate the development of obesity. Supplementation of thiols plus creatine may reduce body fat without compromising glucose tolerance.Abbreviations C Creatine - HL-NSM Hyperlipidemic non-smokers - HL-SM Hyperlipidemic smokers - IR Insulin receptor - MBP Myelin basic protein - NAC N-Acetylcysteine - NL-NSM Normolipidemic non-smokers - NL-SM Normolipidemic smokers - OGTT Oral glucose tolerance test - P_C Placebo_Creatine - P_N Placebo_NAC - ROS Reactive oxygen species     

多囊卵巢综合征患者性激素水平与胰岛素抵抗相关性分析

目的探讨多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)的病因、发病机理及寻找最佳的治疗方案提供依据。方法通过放射免疫(RIA)法测患者胰岛素释放试验,酶法测糖耐量试验,电化学发光免疫分析(ECLIA)法测血清LH、FSH、E2、P、T水平。结果表明28.2%患者有胰岛素抵抗(IR),13.1%有IR和糖耐量受损,5.5%糖耐量受损。单纯IR患者中,肥胖者占35.7%;单纯糖耐量受损者中,肥胖者占36.3%;IR伴糖耐量受损者中,肥胖者占34.6%;肥胖组LH、LH/FSH、E2、T水平与非肥胖组之间无显著性差异(P0.05);而肥胖组与非肥胖的空腹血糖及空腹胰岛素水平有显著性差异(P0.05);肥胖者与非肥胖者月经周期及卵泡数目两指标有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论有较多PCOS患者存在IR或糖耐量受损;在IR和糖耐量受损的患者中,肥胖者占有较高的比重,肥胖可促进IR形成;肥胖可加重IR和生殖功能障碍。     

术前碳水化合物对瘢痕切除术后胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的观察术前口服碳水化合物及静脉输注葡萄糖对术后胰岛素抵抗程度的影响.方法择期瘢痕切除术病人60例,随机分为对照组、口服组和静注组,每组20例.术前对照组常规禁食禁饮;口服组口服12.5%碳水化合物的饮料（CHO）;静注组持续静脉输注10%葡萄糖液.分别于口服或静注前、术后6 h采血,测定血糖、血清胰岛素以及红细胞胰岛素受体.结果处理前各组血糖、血清胰岛素、胰岛素敏感指数及红细胞胰岛素高亲和力受体、低亲和力受体无明显差异;术后6 h口服组、静注组的血糖明显低于对照组,与处理前无显著差别;术后6 h各组血清胰岛素无显著差别,均显著高于处理前;胰岛素敏感指数、红细胞低亲和力受体三组均较处理前显著降低,但口服组、静注组明显高于对照组;术后6 h口服组、静注组红细胞高亲和力受体无明显降低;口服组与静注组间的血糖、胰岛素、胰岛素敏感指数及红细胞胰岛素受体无明显差别.结论术前静脉输注葡萄糖可缓解术后胰岛素抵抗的程度,术前饮用碳水化合物具有同样的效果,是一种简单有效的治疗方法.     

Comparison of The World Health Organization (WHO) two-step strategy and OGTT for diabetes mellitus screening

The new diagnostic criteria recommended by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) will only detect diabetic patients with fasting hyperglycemia, and leave patients with isolated post-challenge hyperglycemia (IPCH) and imparied glucose tolerance (IGT) unidentified. The WHO recommends that all those with abnormal fasting glucose should undergo the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to exclude the diagnosis of diabetes (two-step strategy). This two-step strategy will leave out subjects with normal fasting glucose (<109 mg/dl). The aim of this study is to compare the WHO two-step strategy and the gold standard OGTT for all subjects. We re-analyzed the results of 907 high-risk patients who have been screened for diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance. All subjects were screened with an OGTT containing a 75-gram glucose load after fasting for 12 hours. The results were classified into three categories: the ADA criteria, the two-step strategy, and the OGTT. Using the ADA criteria, these 907 subjects can be classified has having normal fasting glucose (fasting plasma glucose - FPG < 109 mg/dl) in 715 subjects (78.9%), abnormal fasting glucose (FPG 110 - 125 mg/dl) in 107 subjects (11.8%), and diabetes mellitus (FPG > 126 mg/dl) in 85 subjects (9.4%). The WHO two-step strategy performed in 107 IFG subjects identified another 30 diabetic patients (FPG < 109 mg/dl and 2 hour post load > 200 mg/dl = IPCH) or 3.3%, and 49 patients with IGT, or 5.4% from all subjects. If the OGTT was performed on the 715 normal fasting glucose, it could identify another 40 diabetic patients or 4.4%, and another 178 IGT patients, or 19.6% of all subjects. This means that without OGTT to all subjects, 40 diabetic patients or 25.8% of all diabetic patients and 178 patients or 78.4% from all IGT subjects would have remained unidentified. From this study we can conclude that applying the WHO two-step strategy in subjects with IFG would fail to detect 25.8% of diabetic patients and 78.4% of IGT subjects. It is recommended that the old strategy of screening--the gold standard OGTT--should be used instead of the two-step strategy, at least in high-risk groups.     

妊娠期糖代谢异常患者胰岛素抵抗和胰岛β细胞功能的研究

目的探讨妊娠期糖代谢异常患者的胰岛素抵抗和胰岛β细胞功能的变化,以及对妊娠结局的影响。方法选取在我院就诊的171例孕妇检查资料,按照75g葡萄糖耐量试验（0GTT）结果分为妊娠期糖尿病组（GDM）,妊娠期糖耐量受损组（GIGT）,妊娠期空腹血糖受损组（GIFG）和正常对照组（NGT）。对各组的OGTT、胰岛素释放试验结果进行统计分析,计算出胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）,胰岛素分泌指数和胰岛素敏感指数,将结果进行比对分析。并对各组的妊娠结局进行分析。结果胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）GDM组〉GIFG组〉GIGT组〉对照组（P〈0.05）。胰岛素分泌指数：GDM组