银川市儿童青少年发生意外伤害与其性格的相关性研究

目的了解银川市儿童青少年意外伤害的发生现状,为研究儿童青少年意外伤害与其性格之间的关系及为干预措施的建立提供科学依据.方法2002年3月,采用整群抽样的方法对银川市5所中小学校的2 574名学生进行伤害调查和危险因素分析.从中选取218名伤害儿童作为病例组和218名与其同年龄(年龄相差3个月以内)、同性别、同民族、同班级的无伤害儿童作为对照组,采用艾森克个性问卷对其进行儿童性格的病例对照研究.结果意外伤害与性格关系的病例对照研究显示,病例组与对照组的N,L之间差异无显著性(P＞0.05),而LGE之间差异有显著性(P＜0.05),显示外向性格的儿童较内向性格儿童易受伤害,且性格孤僻的儿童也较易受伤害.〖HTH〗结论应针对青少年性格与意外伤害之间的关系,重点对外向性性格及孤僻的儿童青少年采取有效的安全健康教育措施,减少儿童青少年意外伤害的发生.     

银川市儿童青少年发生意外伤害与其性格的相关性研究

了解银川市儿童青少年意外伤害的发生现状，为研究儿童青少年意外伤害与其性格之间的关系及为干预措施的建立提供科学依据。2002年3月，采用整群抽样的方法对银川市5所中小学校的2574名学生进行伤害调查和危险因素分析。从中选取218名伤害儿童作为病例组和218名与其同年龄（年龄相差3个月以内）、同性别、同民族、同班级的无伤害儿童作为对照组，采用艾森克个性问卷对其进行儿童性格的病例对照研究。结果，意外伤害与性格关系的病例对照研究显示，病例组与对照组的N，L之间差异无显著性（P〉0．05），而LGE之间差异有显著性（P〈0．05），显示外向性格的儿童较内向性格儿童易受伤害，且性格孤僻的儿童也较易受伤害。     

伤害

061921银川市儿童青少年发生意外伤害与其性格的相关性研究/赵海萍…∥中国学校卫生·-2004,25(5)·-617~618了解银川市儿童青少年意外伤害的发生现状,为研究儿童青少年意外伤害与其性格之间的关系及为干预措施的建立提供科学依据。2002年3月,采用整群抽样的方法对银川市5所中小学校的2574名学生进行伤害调查和危险因素分析。从中选取218名伤害儿童作为病例组和218名与其同年龄(年龄相差3个月以内)、同性别、同民族、同班级的无伤害儿童作为对照组,采用艾森克个性问卷对其进行儿童性格的病例对照研究。结果,意外伤害与性格关系的病例对照研…     

颞下颌关节紊乱病患者的人格特征

目的 探讨颞下颌关节紊乱(TMD)与人格特征之间的关系.方法 选择门诊颞下颌关节紊乱病患者339例为病例组和健康人群332例为对照组,采用埃森克人格问卷(EPQ)进行调查,同时进行TMD症状调查,按Helkimo指数进行分析.结果 TMD病例组比对照组趋于精神质异常、内向、情绪不稳定的人格倾向;精神质异常、内向性格、情绪不稳定的人群发生TMD的可能性高于外向性格、精神质正常、情绪稳定的人群;精神质异常人格倾向的患者抑郁、焦虑症状比精神质正常患者严重.在具有异常人格特征的患者中,女性患者心理障碍发生率高于男性患者,焦虑、抑郁等心理问题更加严重.结论 ①TMD患者具有精神质异常、内向、情绪不稳定的人格特征;②具有异常人格特征的人群TMD的发病率高;③具有异常人格特征的TMD患者表现出更加严重的心理问题,尤其是女性患者.     

沂蒙山区中小学生人格物质特征及影响因素的Logistic分析

目的了解沂蒙山区中小学生人格特征及影响因素.方法采用艾森克儿童人格问卷(EPQ)、家庭环境量表(FES-CV)对4 010名中小学生进行调查.结果①与全国常模相比,沂蒙山区中小学生性格更趋内向、不稳定.②中小学生女生比男生情绪稳定,中学生比小学生更趋外向,情绪不稳定.③乡村学生比城市学生内向、社会适应能力差、社会成熟程度较低.④Logistic回归分析表明,影响中小学生人格特征的主要因素有家庭亲密度,文化性,矛盾性,娱乐性及父母文化、职业,家庭经济状况,父母对孩子的期望,孩子与同学的关系等.结论沂蒙山区中小学生人格特征倾向于内向、不稳定;家庭环境质量、父母自身素质是影响其人格特征的主要因素.     

儿童意外伤害及事故倾性的家族聚集性分析

目的:探讨意外伤害及事故倾性的家族聚集性,为将来阐明遗传因素在其中的作用提供初步线索。方法:以事故倾性儿童为先证者,采用病例对照研究方法研究579个核心家系(291个先证家系和288个对照家系),分析意外伤害及事故倾性的家族聚集性。结果:病例组有36.4%核心家系至少有一名成员发生过伤害,高于对照组9.0%,差异有统计学意义。病例组的父、母、同胞伤害发生率均高于对照组(差异有显著性)。但病例组与对照组一级亲属的事故倾性发生率无显著性差异。多因素Logistic回归分析发现,父、母、同胞发生伤害都是儿童事故倾性的危险因素,儿童喜欢冒险、不能集中精力也和事故倾性有关联。结论:意外伤害存在家族聚集性,遗传因素可能在其中发挥一定作用。没有发现事故倾性具有家族聚集性。     

济南市城区学龄前意外伤害儿童气质特点分析

[目的] 了解济南城区学龄前儿童的意外伤害状况与意外伤害儿童气质及行为特征,为制定有效的预防措施提供理论依据. [方法] 采用整群抽样方法抽取济南市市区4所幼儿园4～6岁在园儿童,调查意外伤害发生情况及儿童气质,行为等特点. [结果] 在气质调查问卷中,难养型气质儿童发生意外伤害的相对危险度是3.486.发生意外伤害的儿童品行问题、心身障碍、多动-冲动指数三个因子得分高于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05). [结论] 意外伤害儿童存在心理、行为问题,应采取心理干预措施,减低儿童意外伤害的发生.     

学龄前儿童意外伤害认知与事故倾性行为的关系

目的:了解延边地区学龄前儿童的意外伤害状况、分析学龄前儿童伤害认知水平与事故倾性行为特征,为预防学龄前儿童意外伤害进行有针对性的安全教育提供科学依据。方法:对913例3~7岁幼儿园儿童的意外伤害状况、意外伤害认知水平、事故倾性行为特征进行调查分析。结果:学龄前儿童意外伤害认知水平和事故倾性行为与儿童的年龄、是否经历过伤害有显著关系;事故倾性行为发生较多的儿童意外伤害认知水平较低。结论:在开展安全教育时,应考虑儿童意外伤害认知能力与事故倾性行为特征,在教育内容、方法和途径上采取与之相适应的多种安全教育措施。     

南宁市农村留守儿童意外伤害流行病学调查

目的:了解南宁市农村留守儿童意外伤害发生的流行特征及其影响因素,为制定相关预防和控制策略提供依据。方法:采用整群分层随机抽样方法抽取南宁市4个城区的儿童共2 584例,以问卷形式调查农村留守儿童意外伤害的现况。结果:在本次调查中,农村留守儿童1 096例,留守组意外伤害的发生率为29.7%,高于非留守组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=12.94,P<0.05);留守组男童意外伤害发生率比女童高,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.623,P<0.05),7～12岁组比2～6岁组高,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.60,P=0.015);留守儿童组前5位意外伤害依次为:跌倒/坠落(45.6%)、割伤/刺伤(29.6%)、烧烫伤(12.9%)、碰撞/挤压(11.5%)、交通事故(10.4%);留守儿童伤害发生的地点主要在家中(37.5%)、学校(32.4%)、道路上(19.2%),多发季节在夏季(35.6%)及冬季(24.2%);留守儿童发生伤害后有12.3%需住院治疗,约半数儿童需请假休息,治疗费用在2 000元以上占5.0%,以自费居多;留守组再发意外伤害率12.9%,高于非留守组再发意外伤害率8.5%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:南宁市农村留守儿童意外伤害发生率较高,负担较大,应针对原因采取有效措施,减少农村留守儿童意外伤害的发生。     

渝西地区城乡留守儿童个性特征对比分析

目的:探索城乡留守儿童个性特征及差异,为因地制宜地对其进行心理健康、行为规范辅导提供科学依据。方法:整群抽取重庆市铜梁县县城及乡镇小学3～5年级的学生767人(男416人,女351人),其中城镇儿童496人,乡村儿童271人,采用艾森克人格问卷儿童版(Eysenck Personality Questionnaire,EPQ)及自编一般情况量表进行问卷调查和评估。结果:城乡不同性别的留守儿童在E、N、P、L4个维度均有明显统计学意义,9岁组和10岁组的城乡留守儿童E维度有明显统计学意义(P<0.05);就家庭环境而言,父母外出分别与父外出、母外出的E、L维度标分(T分)比较有显著性差异(P<0.01);3年以上与1年内、1～3年的E、L维度标分(T分)比较有显著性差异(P<0.01);城乡留守儿童个性特征分布有明显差异,城市留守儿童性格倾于外向,情绪不稳定,农村留守儿童掩饰性比城市留守儿童强。结论:8～12岁的城乡留守儿童个性特征明显不同,由于环境不同心理行为问题的表现也有所不同,家长和教师应创造良好的家庭、社会环境,保持乐观向上的情绪,避免对孩子产生负面影响,以利于城乡留守儿童的个性向积极方向发展。     

民族边远地区农村留守儿童个性分析

摘要:目的　探讨民族边远地区农村留守儿童的个性特征,为引导民族边远地区农村留守儿童健康心理的发展提供参考资料。方法　采用艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）（儿童版）对广西西部某市中小学的1298名留守儿童进行调查。结果　男女留守儿童、单亲与非单亲家庭的留守儿童在E、P、N、L 4个维度标准得分相比,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.001）;与汉族相比,壮族留守儿童N维度得分较低,L维度得分较高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001）;居住在农村和县城的留守儿童P、N、L维度EPQ标准得分比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.001）。结论　农村留守男性儿童情绪不稳,掩饰性强,女性儿童存在较高的精神质倾向;汉族、壮族留守儿童典型的情绪不稳,而且壮族留守儿童掩饰性强。农村的留守儿童情绪不稳定、存在更高的精神质和神经质倾向,但城镇的留守儿童掩饰程度高;单亲家庭儿童情绪典型的不稳定,但非单亲家庭留守儿童存在更高的精神质和神经质倾向,掩饰程度高。     

The psychology of injured workers: Health and cost of vocational rehabilitation

Background: In the vocational rehabilitation of injured workers the influence of the worker's personality has been neglected. This is despite there being substantial evidence that in chronic pain certain personality factors are significantly related to poorer outcomes. This is a preliminary study that has examined the relationship between personality factors, personality psychopathology and rehabilitation outcomes in injured workers. Method: Data from structured clinical interviews, self report and rehabilitation outcome (cost) were gathered from 36 injured workers with recognized compensation claims for physical and/or psychological workplace injury. Results: Personality factors were associated with poorer outcome, particularly cost and health. Individuals with extreme personality traits experienced poorer health and vocational rehabilitation outcomes. The combination of high Neuroticism and low Extraversion which is a pattern often characterized as anxious and socially avoidant was found to be consistently related to poor health outcomes. Conclusions: The results indicate that considering the type of personality characteristics of injured workers may have important theoretical and practical implications.     

北京社区离退休人员人格特征与心理健康关系的调查研究

目的探讨中老年人的人格发展特征、心理健康状况以及二者之间的相互关系。方法采用王登峰、崔红等编制的中国人人格量表、症状自评量表（SCL-90）对北京市的200例中老年人进行问卷调查,并进行统计分析。结果 （1）不同年龄段的中老年在情绪性维度上存在显著差异（P〈0.05）;（2）老年人格维度中情绪性的发展呈＂U＂字形,58～68岁情绪性得分较低,53～57岁和〉68岁年龄段情绪性得分明显升高;（3）中老年人在SCL量表的9个项目因子,除了人际关系一项的得分低于常模分数之外,其余各项均高于常模水平（P〈0.05）,并且中老年人在9个项目因子上面的得分不存在年龄段和性别的差异;（4）中老年人的人格特征的一些维度和心理健康状况之间存在着显著的负相关,外向性、善良、人际关系、才干、行事方式得分高的中老年人较少报告躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、强迫、偏执、精神障碍等不良心理表症,而情绪性与敌对性、偏执等项目因子存在显著的正相关。结论中老年人的人格特征处于一个比较稳定的水平,表现出较少的可变性和发展性,但情绪会随着年龄的增长发生变化,不同人格特征的中老年人在面对生活事件时的应激水平可能不同,对待生活的态度不同导致了自身心理健康状况的不同。护理人员应根据其特点制定个性化的心理疏导措施,开展对中老年人心理健康维护。     

A Comparison of the Emotional Stability of Coal-miners and Railwaymen

A comparison has been made of the emotional stability of coal-miners with that of railwaymen. Sixty-seven miners and 50 railwaymen were given a small battery of objective tests of emotional instability. A clinical group of 17 psychiatric patients diagnosed as emotionally unstable was also tested.

Tests of significance were carried out comparing the scores of the miners with those of the railwaymen and the railwaymen with the clinical group. In addition a factor analysis was made of the scores of the miners.

A comparison of the miners and railwaymen on Heron's test of emotional instability revealed a significant difference, the miners scoring more emotionally unstable scores than the railwaymen. The remaining tests, with the exception of those for fluency and hand persistence, failed to discriminate between these two groups.

Heron's test (both parts) was also the only one to reveal significant differences between the clinical group and the railwaymen. These were in the expected direction.

The results on Heron's test suggest that miners are less stable than railway workers and this is attributed to the environmental stresses of mining. It is suggested that many tests purporting to measure emotional instability are too sensitive to other personality variables.

     

Social and economic consequences of workplace injury: a population-based study of workers in British Columbia, Canada

BACKGROUND: Existing research suggests that workplace injuries can have significant economic and social consequences for workers; but there are no quantitative studies on complete populations. METHODS: The British Columbia Linked Health Database (BCLHD) was used to examine 1994 injured workers who lost work time due to the injury (LT) and a group of injured individuals who did not lose time after their injuries (NLT). Three outcomes were explored: (1) residential change, (2) marital instability, and (3) social assistance use. Logistic regression adjusted for several individual and injury characteristics. RESULTS: LTs were more likely to move and collect income assistance benefits, and less likely to experience a relationship break-up than the NLTs. LTs off work for 12 or more weeks were more likely to receive income assistance than LTs off for less time. CONCLUSIONS: The increased risk suggests that the long-term economic consequences of disabling work injury may not be fully mitigated by workers compensation benefits.     

Long term health outcomes after injury in working age adults: a systematic review

BACKGROUND: Estimating the contribution of non-fatal injury outcomes remains a considerable challenge and is one of the most difficult components of burden of disease analysis. The aim of this systematic review was to quantify the effect of being injured compared with not being injured on morbidity and health service use (HSU) in working age adults. METHODS: Studies were selected that were population based, had long term health outcomes measured, included a non-injured comparison group, and related to working age adults. Meta-analysis was not attempted because of the heterogeneity between studies. RESULTS: Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. In general, studies found an overall positive association between injury and increased HSU, exceeding that of the general population, which in some studies persisted for up to 50 years after injury. Disease outcome studies after injury were less consistent, with null findings reported. CONCLUSION: Because of the limited injury types studied and heterogeneity between study outcome measures and follow up, there is insufficient published evidence on which to calculate population estimates of long term morbidity, where injury is a component cause. However, the review does suggest injured people have an increased risk of long term HSU that is not accounted for in current methods of quantifying injury burden.     

新生儿颅内出血患儿血浆MMP-2、MMP-9变化的临床研究

目的:探讨新生儿颅内出血患儿血浆基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)、MMP-9含量及其与神经功能缺损、出血量的关系。方法:用ELISA法分别测定60例新生儿颅内出血患儿和20例健康新生儿血浆中MMP-2、MMP-9的含量。结果:新生儿颅内出血患儿MMP-2、MMP-9显著上升,与正常对照组比较,差异有意义统计学(P<0.01);MMP-2、MMP-9在轻、中、重型组之间比较,差异分别具有意义统计学(P<0.01);不同出血量组中MMP-2、MMP-9含量比较差异分别具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:新生儿颅内出血患儿MMP-2、MMP-9水平与出血量和神经功能损伤程度都具有密切关系,可作为判定病情和评估预后的参考指标,对新生儿颅内出血后继发性损伤的发病机制研究具有一定的意义。     

反复呼吸道感染儿童情绪障碍对照研究

目的:分析反复呼吸道感染(RRTIs)儿童焦虑、抑郁等情绪障碍的发生情况,以揭示在关心反复呼吸道感染儿童的躯体健康的同时,也应关注其心理健康的必要性。方法:用上海惠诚咨询有限公司出版的《儿童青少年心理测验系统2.0版》中的"焦虑自评量表(SAS)"和"抑郁自评量表(SDS)",将46例反复呼吸道感染儿童作为观察组进行问卷调查和评定,并选择59例正常儿童作为对照组,探讨儿童焦虑和抑郁症状检出率和状态水平与反复呼吸道感染的相关性,以及儿童性别、年龄、母亲焦虑水平、母亲文化程度、家庭关系、经济状况对儿童焦虑、抑郁的影响。母亲焦虑水平用"汉密顿焦虑量表"进行测评。结果:反复呼吸道感染儿童的焦虑、抑郁症状检出率、焦虑水平、抑郁水平显著高于正常儿童,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05);比较不同年龄、性别的焦虑、抑郁状态水平,显示10~13岁儿童比7~9岁儿童的焦虑、抑郁状态水平更高(P0.01和P0.05),不同性别儿童的焦虑、抑郁状态水平差异无统计学意义(P均0.05);反复呼吸道感染儿童的焦虑水平与母亲焦虑水平明显相关(P0.01),而抑郁与母亲焦虑水平以及焦虑、抑郁水平与母亲文化程度、家庭关系、经济条件等没有明显的相关性。结论:反复呼吸道感染儿童焦虑、抑郁等情绪障碍发生水平高于正常儿童,提示反复呼吸道感染儿童比正常儿童更需要心理上的帮助和支持。     

Personality self-representations of patients with hand injury,and its relationship with work injury

This study compared the personality self-representations of 288 hand injured patients with those of 959 young people (15–25 years old) randomly selected from the general population (noted GP), and with those of 336 unemployed people of all ages in professional training (U) in Lorraine (north-eastern France). The relationship between patients' personality self-representations and injury was also investigated. Personality self-representations included 14 questions: in your own opinion are you sociable?, at ease with others?, serious?, careful?, dynamic?, optimistic?, worried?, irritable?, clumsy?, solitary?, organised?, ambitious?, do you have a sense of responsibility?, and many plans? The patients had similar self-representations to GP except for the items non clumsy (odds ratio adjusted on age and sex OR=2.40,p<0.05) and optimistic (OR=1.70, but 0.05<p<0.10). The frequencies of non irritable, non clumsy and non solitary people were higher in patients than in the U group (OR about 2.40,p<0.01). By contrast, the other items were more favourable for the U group except for the items sociable, organised and having many plans. Self-representation items were significantly related to some socio-demographic data. The work injured workmen having one or more previous work injuries during the last five years were more at ease with others than the other subjects. Among the work injured workmen who had had no previous work injury during this time, the people aged 29 or less (the highest risk age class) were more optimistic than the others (71% vs 49%,p<0.05); a difference was also found for the items at ease with others, careful, dynamic, and non worried, but it was not significant possibly due to the small number of subjects. The sum of these five items differed between the two age groups (3.29±1.49 vs 2.55±1.68,p<0.05). These simple items would provide an interesting approach in terms of personality which could explain in part the excess of work injuries in young people, though the work requirement still seemed to be the highest risk factor.     

Summer work and injury among middle school students, aged 10-14 years

Background: Little information exists on injury and factors associated with injury in working youth aged 10–14 years. Most studies do not involve children younger than 15.

Methods: A cross-sectional anonymous survey was administered to middle school students in five school districts and one large urban school in October 2001.

Results: Of the 3189 working middle school students who responded to the survey, the majority were employed in informal job settings, such as working for someone in a home, newspaper delivery, and working on family farms or in family businesses. Overall, 18% of children reported being injured at work. Of those injured, 26% reported that their injury was severe enough to affect their activities for more than three days. Variables that were associated with injury included having a "near-miss" incident at work (AOR 6.61, 95% CI 4.92 to 8.89), having a co-worker injured (AOR 2.65, 95% CI 1.95 to 3.60), and being asked to do something dangerous (AOR 2.25, 95% CI 1.61 to 3.14).

Conclusions: Children are working and being injured in jobs that are not covered by existing child labour laws. Injury rates in non-covered occupations are high, warranting review of current laws.