应用荧光原位杂交产前诊断未培养羊水细胞非整倍体

目的探讨荧光原位杂交(fluorescenceinsituhybridization,FISH)诊断未培养羊水细胞非整倍体的临床应用价值。方法对55例孕16～32周未培养羊水细胞进行FISH快速产前诊断,应用多色FISH对另4条染色体(X、Y、13号和18号)进行检测。以经母腹穿刺取胎血常规核型分析作为FISH检测结果对照。结果被检55例羊水未培养细胞均获得诊断结果,发现两例异常胎儿。1例为标准型21三体;另1例为21三体嵌合体。FISH检测与常规核型分析结果一致。结论FISH检测未培养羊水细胞非整倍体具有快速、简便、所用样本量少的优势,结果准确可靠,可达到产前诊断要求,有较大临床应用价值。     

中山地区羊水细胞培养核型分析联合荧光原位杂交技术在产前诊断中的应用

目的探索羊水细胞培养核型分析联合荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)在产前诊断中的应用价值;方法采集16~22孕周、有产前诊断指征孕妇的羊水标本369例,进行羊水细胞培养核型分析并同时采用13/18/21/X/Y染色体探针对未培养羊水进行FISH检测;结果 369例羊水细胞培养核型分析成功363例,异常27例(数目异常18例,结构异常9例);未培养羊水细胞FISH检测全部成功,其中数目异常18例,与常规细胞培养核型分析结果一致,结论核型分析与FISH在常见染色体非整倍体异常方面保持较好的一致性,核型分析比较全面,异常检出率高;FISH操作比较快速、简便,是核型分析的有力补充。两种技术联合应用可以更有效地对胎儿染色体异常进行产前诊断。     

荧光原位杂交技术在检测胎儿染色体亚显微结构异常中的应用

目的探讨荧光原位杂交（FISH）技术在诊断培养后的羊水细胞染色体亚显微结构异常中的应用价值。方法对1例18孕周,经典细胞遗传学羊水染色体核型分析结果与B超检查结果有不符合的胎儿,应用FISH的18号、X、Y染色体着丝粒探针和13、21号染色体位点特异性探针,对培养后的羊水中期细胞标本进行检测。结果共分析了22个独立细胞克隆的分裂象,发现胎儿染色体存在两种核型嵌合,结果记为：mos45,X[20]/46,XY[2];FISH检测发现此胎儿核型存在Y染色体亚显微小片段易位。结论 FISH技术结合传统细胞遗传学核型分析,对于诊断染色体亚显微结构异常非常重要。     

新疆地区荧光原位杂交产前诊断非整倍体的应用价值

目的探讨荧光原位杂交（FISH）技术产前诊断常见染色体非整倍体的应用价值。方法采用21、18、13、和Y染色体特异性DNA探针对96例孕18～23周孕妇的未培养羊水细胞进行FISH检测,同时行羊水细胞染色体核型分析。结果 FISH检测98例成功96例（97.9%）,其中染色体数目正常93例（48例为46,XX;45例为46,XY）染色体数目异常3例（2例47,XX,＋21;1例47,XX＋18）。FISH诊断结果与核型分析结果一致,染色体数目异常的3例与传统核型分析结果完全一致。结论 FISH技术用于产前诊断常见染色体非整倍体,具有简便、快速、特异性强敏感性高、所用样本量少等优点。     

淮安地区322例羊水细胞荧光原位杂交技术与核型分析结果分析

目的探讨荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)技术结合羊水细胞培养在检测胎儿染色体异常中的临床应用价值。方法用FISH技术检测322例孕17-28周孕妇的未培养羊水细胞,同时进行常规羊水细胞培养核型分析,将两者结果进行对照分析。结果 322例未培养羊水细胞FISH检测成功321例,其中检出正常303例,数目异常18例,与常规细胞培养核型分析结果一致,另外4例正常变异、1例嵌合体以及1例罗伯逊易位型21三体未被FISH技术检测出。结论 FISH技术检测未培养羊水细胞染色体数目异常具有快速、简便、所用样本量少的优势,可以作为羊水细胞染色体核型分析的补充,但对于检测同源罗伯逊易位型21三体有一定局限性。     

荆州地区522例羊水细胞遗传学结果分析

目的探讨羊水细胞遗传学分析在产前诊断中的应用价值。方法采集孕16~22周并有产前诊断指征孕妇的羊水标本522例,进行羊水细胞培养和染色体核型分析,并同时采用13/18/21/X/Y染色体探针对未培养羊水进行FISH检测。结果 504例羊水细胞培养和核型分析成功,异常54例(数目异常47例,结构异常7例);未培养羊水细胞FISH检测全部成功,其中数目异常48例,与常规细胞培养核型分析结果一致。NIPT技术应用可以进一步提高异常检出率,减少羊水穿刺检查数量。结论染色体核型分析与FISH在常见染色体非整倍体异常方面保持较好的一致性,核型分析比较全面,异常检出率高;FISH操作具有快速、简便等优点,是核型分析的有力补充。联合核型分析与FISH进行产前细胞遗传学诊断是一种行之有效的方法,但未来应建立以NIPT筛查为基础的产前诊断,并根据筛查结果选择合适的方法进行产前诊断。     

用荧光原位杂交技术产前诊断唐氏综合征

目的 用荧光原位杂交技术（Fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)快速产前诊断唐氏综合征。方法 采集23名孕妇14～24周的羊水标本，应用荧光标记的针对21号染色体特殊位点的探针（locus-sperifie probe,LSI）及X/Y染色体着丝粒探针（centromeric probe,CEP）对未培养的羊水间期细胞进行FISH；同步进行羊水细胞培养，行常规细胞遗传学染色体核型分析，以核型分析为标准，对FISH技术进行评价。结果 23份标本发生母血污染2例，培养失败1例，将其余20份羊水标本的FISH杂交结果与其染色体核型分析结果进行了比较。FISH分析羊水间期细胞性染色体数目正常者19例（XX11例，XY8例）与羊水中期细胞染色体核型分析结果一致，有1例羊水间期细胞FISH结果为X/XY，染色体核型分析结果为46，XY，因此，FISH与染色体核型分析结果的符合率为95%（19/20）；LSI21探针的FISH结果中21号染色体数目异常者1例，核型分析为典型的21三体，取脐血行G显带染色体核型分析得以验证为47，XY， 21。产前诊断染色体正常者追踪至分娩，新生儿行外周血染色体检查结果皆为正常核型。结论 荧光原位杂交技术可用于羊水间期细胞快速产前诊断唐氏综合征。     

荧光原位杂交技术在未培养羊水快速产前诊断中的应用

目的建立运用荧光原位杂交技术（fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH）检测未培养羊水细胞染色体数目的产前诊断方法。方法对100例妊娠15—26周抽取的羊水未经培养进行FISH检测,均采用13、21、18、X、Y号染色体荧光探针检测,同时行羊水培养染色体核型分析,比较两种检测方法结果的一致性。结果100例产前诊断者中未培养羊水细胞FISH检测均于48h内完成,发现6例21-三体和1例18-三体,与羊水培养染色体核型分析结果一致,后者显示6例21-三体中4例为完全型、2例为易位型21-三体。结论FISH技术与传统的羊水培养染色体核型分析相比较,具有方法快速、简便、准确可靠的特点,但无法完全取代传统的染色体核型分析,应两者结合应用于临床。     

荧光原位杂交技术检测非整倍体研究

目的探讨荧光原位杂交技术在产前诊断非整倍体的临床应用范围。方法应用细胞遗传学方法,常规羊水细胞培养,制备G显带染色体核型,计数分析20个细胞,分析3个分裂期染色体核型,必要时计数100个细胞核型。应用13,18,21,X,Y探针,进行未培养羊水的FISH检测。结果 481例羊水FISH分析成功率100%,细胞学染色体分析成功率98.5%,21、13、18、X和Y五种染色体非整倍体异常,FISH与染色体核型分析诊断结果完全一致,符合率100%。结论 FISH探针对21,13,18,X和Y 5种染色体进行产前诊断,能有效检测出间期羊水细胞的非整倍体异常,与传统核型分析结果相比FISH技术具有快速、成功率高的优势,技术成熟。FISH诊断可补救细胞学羊水取材量少及培养失败的不足,且具有判定部分额外染色体来源性质的优势。     

应用荧光原位杂交技术诊断未培养羊水细胞染色体异常

目的建立运用荧光原位杂交技术(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)检测未培养羊水细胞染色体异常的方法。方法对24例未培养羊水细胞进行FISH检测,其中用21号染色体荧光探针检测19例,X/Y染色体探针检测3例,13、18号染色体探针各检测1例。结果24例产前诊断者未培养羊水细胞检测出一例21三体。X/Y染色体探针检测时1例为2个绿色的X信号,2例均为1个红色Y信号和1个绿色X信号。检测结果与培养后羊水细胞检测结果一致,并与外周血染色体核型检测结果相符。结论本研究方法快速、简便、准确可靠,适于临床运用推广。     

未培养羊水荧光原位杂交快速检测60例胎儿常见染色体数目异常

目的 应用细菌人工染色体(bacterial artificial chromosome,BAC)克隆自行制备荧光探针,对胎儿常见染色体数目异常(13,18,21,X,Y)行快速产前诊断.方法 利用中国医学遗传学国家重点实验室BAC库中相应染色体特异位点克隆,自行制备荧光探针.经外周血淋巴细胞染色体杂交验证后,用于胎儿未培养羊水的快速荧光原位杂交fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)检测,已检测60例羊水标本.结果 所有探针特异性均为100%,杂交成功率为97.86%;FISH结果与常规核型分析一致,检出21三体2例,18三体1例.有两例涉及其它染色体的结构异常未能检出.结论 自制探针用于未培养羊水快速FISH,使用标本量少、快速、简便,可有效检出上述5种染色体的数目异常,但本法不能检出其他染色体的数目异常和结构异常,其应用仍有一定局限性.     

Fluorescence in situ hybridization and chromosome studies after transfusion in newborns: is a waiting period necessary?

BACKGROUND: Delaying chromosome studies after transfusion is common practice in many neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Yet, no evidence exists to support this practice. PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of filtration and irradiation on chromosome detection, and to evaluate donor chromosome interference after transfusion. METHODS: Packed red blood cells (PRBCs) were evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and chromosome analyses. To evaluate donor leukocyte survival, blood was collected from female neonates who received male-donated PRBCs. RESULTS: Irradiated, leukodepleted blood had no Y chromosome detection by FISH. Irradiated, microaggregate filtered blood had Y chromosome detection in all samples by FISH but no metaphase growth. No donor chromosomes were detected in neonates after transfusion. CONCLUSIONS: Delaying chromosome or FISH analysis in transfused neonates who have received irradiated blood is unnecessary.     

FISH技术在检测自然流产胚胎染色体异常中的应用研究

目的探讨FISH技术在检测自然流产绒毛组织染色体异常中的应用价值。方法采用FISH技术对100例早期妊娠自然流产绒毛进行染色体数目检测,部分病例同时行常规细胞培养核型分析,分析两种方法的诊断结果。结果 100例绒毛标本FISH检测成功率100%,染色体数目异常42例,检出率42.00%。23例标本同时细胞培养,培养成功率91.30%（21/23）,核型分析异常染色体比率61.91%（13/21）,其中非整倍体占84.61%（11/13）。FISH检测结果与染色体核型分析吻合率100%,漏诊率23.08%（3/13）。结论 FISH技术具有敏感性高、特异性强、诊断快速、对标本要求低等优势,但漏诊率较高,建议条件许可者核型分析和FISH检测同时进行。     

Multiplex interphase FISH as a screen for common aneuploidies in spontaneous abortions

BACKGROUND: A multiplex fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) strategy using chromosome-specific probes for eight chromosomes as an initial screen for chromosome abnormalities in uncultured tissues from spontaneous abortions was evaluated. METHODS: Fifty-seven prefetal spontaneous abortions were studied by karyotyping cultured cells and using FISH on uncultured cells. Two probe sets were used, identifying chromosomes 13, 15, 16, 18, 21, 22, X and Y. RESULTS: Abnormalities were detected in 53% of cases by karyotyping, and 54% of cases by FISH. FISH detected an abnormality in four of five cases where cultures failed, and in two cases where maternal cells apparently overgrew the culture. FISH missed four trisomies not identifiable with the probe sets, and one trisomy because one probe set was unscorable. FISH using these probes identified 83% of all abnormalities detected by karyotyping. CONCLUSIONS: FISH can detect abnormalities in a significant proportion of cases where the culture fails to grow or is contaminated by maternal cell growth. Multiplex FISH as an initial screen, followed by culture and karyotyping in cases where no abnormality is detected, would identify a higher proportion of chromosome abnormalities in spontaneous abortion specimens than karyotype analysis alone.     

Reflex fluorescent in situ hybridization testing for unsuccessful product of conception cultures: A retrospective analysis of 5555 samples attempted by conventional cytogenetics and fluorescent in situ hybridization

IntroductionThe use of chromosome analysis on products of conception from spontaneous abortions is recommended to identify a genetic etiology. However, 20% of products of conception cultures are unsuccessful due to microbial contamination or lack of viable dividing cells. Our laboratory implemented a reflex fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) assay to detect numeric chromosome abnormalities for unsuccessful cultures.Materials and MethodsAll products of conception samples were simultaneously processed for both chromosome analysis and FISH analysis. If the chromosome analysis was unsuccessful, interphase FISH was performed for chromosomes 13, 16, 18, 21, 22, X, and Y. To assess the performance of the FISH assay, a 3-year retrospective comparative analysis of the FISH results versus chromosome results was performed.ResultsOf 5555 total specimens, 4189 (75%) represented chorionic villi/fetal tissue and 1366 (25%) represented tissue of unidentified origin. Of the 1189 tissues of unidentified origin with chromosome or FISH results, 1096 (92%) were XX, indicating that the majority of these tissues are likely maternal in origin. Of the 3361 successful chromosome studies on the chorionic villi/fetal tissue specimens, 1734 (52%) samples had a chromosome abnormality. Of the 762 successful FISH studies on chorionic villi/fetal tissue specimens that were unsuccessful by chromosome studies, 181 (25%) had an abnormal result with the targeted FISH panel. Overall, the FISH panel detected approximately 70% of the chromosome abnormalities in products of conception detectable by karyotype. When the FISH panel results were combined with chromosome analysis for the 4189 chorionic villi/fetal tissue specimens, the overall abnormality rate is 47%.ConclusionsOur reflex FISH assay proved useful for the detection of common chromosome aneuploidies in products of conception samples that failed conventional chromosome analysis. Because of its limited view of the genome, cautious interpretation of FISH results is required for all samples, in particular, trisomy of an acrocentric chromosome, which may represent a Robertsonian translocation. An algorithmic approach to the genetic evaluation of products of conception specimens, with the potential for initial evaluation by a FISH panel, may be warranted.     

多重荧光原位杂交技术体系的建立及其在检测白血病复杂核型异常中的应用

目的：建立多重荧光原位杂交技术（multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization，M-FISH）体系，探讨其在检测白血病复杂核型异常中的应用。方法：联合应用常规核型分析、染色体涂抹（chromosome painting，CP）、染色体荧光原位杂交（fluorescence in situ hybridization，FISH）和M-FISH方法分析了两例白血病复杂核型。结果：对其中1例常规核型分析显示为46，XY，der(9)t(9；12)的急性淋巴细胞白血病-L2型病例，M-FISH检出其具有复杂的染色体易位；46；XY，der（2）t(2；9)，der(9)t(9；12；22)。对另1例常规核型难以分析的急性单核细胞白血病-M5型病例，M-FISH检出其复杂核型是46，XY，der(2)t(2；17)，der(10)t(10；11；17)，der(11)t(11；？)。进下不用染色体涂抹和双色FISH证实了M-FISH的结果，并发现MLL基因（mixed lineage leukemia gene）受累。结论：M-FISH是筛选白血病复杂染色体异常的理想方法，对阐明所有白血病、乃至其它肿瘤性疾病和遗传性疾病的染色体易位和基因改变有广阔的应用前景。     

FISH analysis helps identify low-level mosaicism in Ullrich-Turner syndrome patients.

PURPOSE: To search for X or Y chromosome mosaicism in 45,X individuals using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). METHODS: From our series of 53 Ullrich-Turner syndrome patients, we used interphase FISH to evaluate the 19 who had an apparently nonmosaic 45,X karyotype with G-banding. RESULTS: Of those 19 patients, mosaicism was detected in seven (37%), five patients had an XX line, one had a monocentric isochromosome X, and one had a dicentric isochromosome X. No Y chromosome mosaic was identified. CONCLUSION: FISH analysis is a sensitive and cost-effective adjunct to karyotype analysis to identify sex chromosome mosaicism in UTS.     

荧光原位杂交技术在遗传病诊断中的应用

目的探讨荧光原位杂交(fluorescenceinsituhybridization,FISH)技术在遗传病和产前诊断中的应用价值。方法应用着丝粒探针、特异性序列探针及染色体涂染探针等对36例常规核型分析疑有染色体异常患者的外周血和45例进行产前诊断的孕妇羊水间期细胞或中期分裂相进行FISH检测。结果检出的染色体异常类型有45,X、45,X/46,XX、45,X/46,Xr(X)、46,X,i(Xq)、47,XXY、46,XX,t(4;7)、47,XYY、47,XXX、47,XXY,inv(7)、46,XY,inv(7)、47,XX, 21,同时产前诊断出两例异常胎儿,分别是47,XX, 18和46,XY,der(15)t(Y;15)。结论FISH技术可以准确、快速地诊断各种染色体异常,是传统细胞遗传学的必要补充,可广泛用于遗传病诊断及产前诊断。     

"Home-brew" FISH assay shows higher efficiency than BCR-ABL dual color, dual fusion probe in detecting microdeletions and complex rearrangements associated with t(9;22) in chronic myeloid leukemia

We carried out fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies on 18 Ph+ chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cases with chromosome 22 genomic deletions with the Vysis BCR-ABL dual-color/dual-fusion probe (BCR-ABL DC/DF) to compare the hybridization patterns obtained with this approach to those obtained with the "home brew" BAC/PAC system. Our results are the following: chromosome 22 microdeletions less than 400 kilobases (Kb) were not detected by the BCR DC/DF probe; FISH analysis with the BCR DC/DF probe in cases bearing chromosome 22 microdeletions ranging from 400 to 700 Kb produced a faint signal on the der(9); and the BCR-ABL DC/DF FISH pattern was comparable to the one obtained by the home brew probe in the presence of a 900-Kb chromosome 22 microdeletion. Our home-brew FISH system represents an accurate method for revealing a subset of CML patients with der(9) microdeletions.