Radiofrequency ablation for eradication of renal tumor in a rabbit model by using a cooled-tip electrode technique

Background:Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has emerged as a potential alternative for surgery in clinical oncology. This animal experiment was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of RFA in the treatment of renal tumor.Methods:Eighteen rabbits with renal implantation of VX2 tumors were divided into two groups. Group A (n = 12) was treated with RFA by using a cooled-tip RF system at 30 W for 80 to 180 seconds. Group B (n = 6) received a sham operation. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated by survival rate, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and histology.Results:All animals in group B died within 3 months after tumor implantation. Total tumor eradication was achieved in 10 of 12 rabbits (83.3%) in group A, of which 5 rabbits survived longer than 6 months (absolute eradication) and another 5 rabbits were found free of viable tumor when killed (relative eradication). Two rabbits experienced local tumor relapse, lung metastasis, or both. Six-month survival rate of RFA-treated rabbits was significantly higher (P < .01) than that of control rabbits. The typical MRI appearances of the acute RFA lesion consisted of five characteristic concentric zones, which corresponded to central needle track (zone A), tumor coagulation (zone B), renal tissue coagulation (zone C), peripheral hemorrhage (zone D), and inflammatory layer (zone E) on histology.Conclusions:RFA may become a promising therapy for the treatment of renal tumor. MRI is a useful modality for assessment of renal tumor ablation.     

环五肽RGD靶向的纳米金偶联VEGFsiRNA增强兔VX2肝肿瘤射频消融损伤效应的研究

目的:探讨环五肽RGD(Tyr RGD)靶向的纳米金颗粒(GNPs)偶联VEGF小干扰RNA(Tyr RGDGNPs-VEGFsi RNA)复合物对兔肝脏VX2肿瘤射频消融(RFA)损伤效应的影响。方法:采取开腹肝脏种植VX2肿瘤组织块的方法建立兔VX2肝癌模型。首先将6只肝癌兔均分为两组分别注射Tyr RGD-GNPs-VEGFsi RNA复合物和GNPs,注射48 h后,透射电镜检测两者在肿瘤标本中的聚集和分布情况。然后将30只肝癌兔均分为3组,分别注射Tyr RGD-GNPs-VEGFsi RNA复合物、GNPs、生理盐水48 h后,行RFA治疗,48 h后切取标本,行病理学观察,测量肿瘤毁损体积,TUNEL法检测残癌细胞凋亡。最后将27只肝癌兔均分为3组,分别行RFA+Tyr RGD-GNPsVEGFsi RNA注射,RFA+生理盐水注射、生理盐水注射,饲养至自然死亡,记录生存时间。结果:Tyr RGD-GNPs-VEGFsi RNA复合物在肿瘤中的聚集明显优于GNPs(14.2颗/500 nm视野vs.0颗/500 nm视野,P0.01)。注射Tyr RGD-GNPs-VEGFsi RNA复合物后的RFA治疗毁损体积明显大于注射GNPs和生理盐水(5.12 cm3 vs.1.78 cm3 vs.1.49 cm3,P0.01),且前者残癌区肿瘤细胞凋亡数明显高于后两者(111.7个vs.36.3个vs.34.7个,P0.01),而后两者上述指标差异均无无统计学意义(均P0.05)。RFA+Tyr RGD-GNPs-VEGFsi RNA治疗的肝癌兔较RFA+生理盐水治疗、单纯生理盐水治疗的肝癌兔的平均生存时间明显延长(70.9 d vs.51.2 d vs.43.9 d,P0.01)。结论:Tyr RGD-GNPs-VEGFsi RNA复合物能在肝脏肿瘤中靶向聚集,具有扩大RFA毁损范围和促进肿瘤细胞凋亡的作用,从而增强RFA疗效。     

Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation of Pulmonary Metastases from Colorectal Carcinoma: Prognostic Determinants for Survival

Background Preliminary results have shown that percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) may play a useful role in patients with inoperable lung tumors. This series evaluated the prognostic features for survival in nonsurgical candidates who underwent percutaneous RFA of pulmonary metastases from colorectal carcinoma.Methods Fifty-five patients not suitable for surgery underwent percutaneous RFA for colorectal pulmonary metastases. All clinical and treatment-related data were collected prospectively. The primary end point of the study was overall survival, defined from the time of RFA intervention. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify statistically significant prognostic parameters for overall survival.Results The overall median survival was 33 months (range, 4–40 months), with actuarial 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival of 85%, 64%, and 46%, respectively. Univariate analysis demonstrated that largest size of lung metastasis (P < .001), location of lung metastases (P = .032), and repeat percutaneous RFA for pulmonary recurrence (P = .024) were statistically significant for overall survival. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that largest size of lung metastasis >3 cm was independently associated with a reduced overall survival (P = .003).Conclusions Percutaneous lung RFA may play a useful role in nonsurgical candidates with colorectal pulmonary metastases. However, the survival benefit of this interventional procedure for patients with a pulmonary metastasis >3 cm was limited.     

Surgical resection versus percutaneous radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma on cirrhotic liver

OBJECTIVE: We sought to compare the experience of 2 different surgical units in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on cirrhosis with resection or percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA), respectively. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: When allowed by the hepatic functional reserve, surgery is the therapy for HCC on cirrhosis; alternative treatments are proposed because of the high tumor recurrence rate after resection. RFA is being widely adopted to treat HCC. METHODS: Over a 4-year period, 79 cirrhotics with HCC underwent resection in 1 surgical unit (group A) and another 79 had RFA at a different unit (group B). Patient selection, operative mortality, hospital stay, and 1- and 3-year overall and disease-free survival were analyzed. RESULTS: Group A (surgery): mean follow-up was 28.9 +/- 17.9 months; operative mortality was 3.8%, mean hospital stay 9 days; 1- and 3-year survival were, respectively, 83 and 65%. One- and 3-year disease-free survival were 79 and 50%. Group B (RFA): mean follow-up was 15.6 +/- 11.7 months. Mean hospital stay was 1 day (range 1-8). One- and 3-year survival were 78 and 33%; 1- and 3-year disease-free survival were 60 and 20%. Overall and disease-free survival were significantly higher in group A (P = 0.002 and 0.001). The advantage of surgery was more evident for Child-Pugh class A patients and for single tumors of more than 3 cm in diameter. Results were similar in 2 groups for Child-Pugh class B patients CONCLUSIONS: RFA has still to be confirmed as an alternative to surgery for potentially-resectable HCCs.     

入肝血流阻断下射频消融后毁损灶周围肝组织的病理变化

目的:评估血流阻断射频术后毁损灶周围正常肝脏组织的病理变化。方法:兔VX2肝肿瘤接种成功后分为单独射频组与射频联合入肝血流阻断组(联合射频组)。射频采用冷循环射频消融治疗(参数设定为30 W,8 min),入肝血流阻断采用Pringle法。1周后处死动物,通过HE染色观察术后毁损灶周围肝脏组织的病理变化。结果:与单独射频组比较,联合射频组毁损灶周边正常肝组织内中央静脉及Glisson鞘周围可见大量炎症细胞聚集,且肝细胞肿胀,门静脉、中央静脉扩张、胆管上皮增生等病理变化均更明显(均P<0.05)。结论:血流阻断后射频对毁损灶周围正常肝组织的病理损害较单独射频的损害严重。     

Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for unresectable pulmonary metastases from renal cell carcinoma

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the clinical utility of lung radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in patients with unresectable pulmonary metastasis from renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

We retrospectively examined 39 patients with unresectable metastases from RCC who were treated with lung RFA. Patients with six or fewer lung metastases measuring ≤6 cm that were confined in the lung, had all lung tumours ablated (curative ablation). Patients with extrapulmonary lesions, seven or more lung tumours, or large tumours of >6 cm, had mass reduction (palliative ablation). The primary endpoints was the overall survival, secondary endpoints were safety, local tumour progression rate, and recurrence‐free survival in the curative ablation group.

RESULTS

There were significant differences in the overall survival rates between the curative and palliative groups at 1 year (100% vs 90%), 3 years (100% vs 52%) and 5 years (100% vs 52%) (P < 0.05). The maximum lung tumour diameter was also a significant prognostic factor. There was local tumour progression in 13 patients (33%) during the mean follow‐up of 25 months. The recurrence‐free survival rates were 92% at 1 year, 23% at 3 years and 23% at 5 years in the curative ablation group. Pneumothorax requiring chest tube placement (six of 89, 7%) and pneumonia (one of 89, 1%) were major complications.

CONCLUSION

Lung RFA is a safe and effective treatment for prolonging survival in patients with unresectable RCC lung metastases.     

腹腔镜治疗肝转移癌41例

目的 探讨腹腔镜联合应用射频消融和~(125)I粒子植入治疗肝转移痛的临床价值.方法 对41例术前经CT或MR确诊肝脏有转移灶的患者,行腹腔镜下肝转移瘤切除或射频消融及~(125)I粒子植入(综合治疗组).并与同期的83例肝转移癌行肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)及全身化疗患者进行对比研究(对照组).结果 综合治疗组术中超声发现新病灶9个.13例患者的18个边缘转移病灶行腹腔镜切除.28例患者的59个转移病灶位于第一、二肝门或靠近大血管仅行腹腔镜下射频消融及~(125)I粒子植入.所有患者均获随访26～45个月(平均35.4个月),综合治疗组中全部缓解(CR)18例,部分缓解(PR)19例,稳定(SD)3例,进展(PD)1例,缓解率(CR+PR)90.2%.中位生存时间19个月,1、2、3年生存率分别为80.5%,48.8%和24.4%;对照组中全部缓解(CR)4例,部分缓解(PR)21例,稳定(SD)28例,进展(PD)30例,缓解率(CR+PR)30.1%.中位生存时间11个月,1、2、3年生存率分别为54.2%、28.9%和9.6%.两组相比缓解率(x~2=39.68,P＜0.05＝、中位生存时间(t=-9.74,P＜0.05＝以及1、2、3年生存率(分别x~2=8.11,4.73,4.81,均P＜0.05＝差异均有统计学意义.结论 腹腔镜联合应用RFA和~(125)I粒子植入治疗肝转移癌具有安全、有效,对延长患者生存期有一定效果.     

Radiofrequency ablation for metastatic lung tumor

BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a thermal ablation technique which results in coagulative necrosis. Several preliminary studies have evaluated the efficacy of RFA for liver tumor and benign prostate disease, but few studies for lung tumor. We experienced RFA for a metastatic lung tumor and it was effective. CASE: A 61-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with chest pain. Extended thymothymomectomy with lymph node dissection was performed after diagnosis of thymic carcinoid. After 14 months, multiple small lung nodules, which had been 5-10 mm in diameter, were appeared and resected. However, 23 months after the first operation and 14 months after the second operation, multiple small lung nodules were appeared again and RFA was performed for 1 tumor without any complications. We used RITA 500 PA (RITA Medical Systems, INC.) and quadruple-hook radiofrequency probe with electrodes. Under local anaesthesia and ultrasound guidance, the probe was inserted into the target tumor and the hooks were deployed. The tumor became smaller (35 mm to 25 mm in diameter) in 2 months. CONCLUSION: RFA is an effective and minimally invasive technique to destruct local tumors.     

兔肝VX2肿瘤射频消融后不同区带VEGF的表达和细胞凋亡

目的分析兔肝VX2肿瘤射频消融(RFA)后不同区带血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)的表达和肿瘤细胞凋亡情况。方法将48只兔肝移植VX2肿瘤,建立动物模型,分为实验组(n=42)和对照组(n=6)。对实验组行RFA,分别在术后即刻、1天、2天、1周、2周、3周各处死7只实验兔,留存肿瘤标本,进行HE染色、VEGF检测、Annexin V-FITC/PI标记和流式细胞仪检测,观察不同时间段、不同区带的VEGF变化及细胞凋亡情况。结果实验组RFA术后针道炭化区、热凝固区和消融边界区平均VEGF值差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05);针道炭化区、热凝固区及边界区术后即刻与其他时间点间两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05);针道炭化区及热凝固区VEGF在术后即刻达高峰,术后1天~3周呈整体下降趋势,消融边界区VEGF在术后即刻到1周呈上升趋势,2周后下降。术后针道炭化区、热凝固区和消融边界区平均肿瘤细胞凋亡率与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05),各区带细胞凋亡率均在术后1天达高峰,后呈下降趋势。结论 RFA后针道区和热凝固区内肿瘤细胞VEGF下降和肿瘤凋亡显著,而消融交界区仍可能有存活的肿瘤细胞;在RFA后第3周时,残留肿瘤细胞的增殖能力可恢复到术前状态,此时宜进一步采取相应的治疗措施。     

肝癌射频消融后常规行经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞的临床分析

目的:探讨肝癌射频消融（RFA）联合经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）的疗效及必要性。方法:对65例肝癌患者RFA后进行1次以上的TACE治疗。其中男54例，女11例。肿瘤最大长径1.5～10.0 cm，其中≤3 cm者14例， 3.1～5.0 cm者17例，＞5.0 cm者34例。按肝功能Child pugh分级，A级51例，B级14例。病理诊断肝细胞癌58例，胆管细胞性肝癌7例。采用RFA肿瘤治疗系统行RFA，并随后常规行CT以评价RFA的疗效，然后行TACE,术后1月行CT检查，以评价肿瘤消融情况，并观察生存率，以评价治疗效果。结果:RFA后完全消融24例，基本消融15例，部分消融26例。RFA+TACE的近期效果为根治性22例、亚根治性13例和姑息性30例。肿瘤消融程度与近期疗效密切相关(r=0.877，P＜0.001)。肝癌RFA+TACE治疗后总体1，2，3年生存率为78.2%，65.3%，44.0%。Cox回归模型分析显示消融程度，是最终与生存时间有关的因素，获得完全消融、基本消融或部分消融者3年生存率分别为73.5%，45.0%和0.0%。肿瘤较小的肝癌容易获得完全消融、近期及远期疗效较好；反之预后较差。结论:TACE对RFA后残余的癌灶或微小转移病灶可起治疗作用；中大肝癌RFA后联合TACE是必要的。     

肝脏恶性肿瘤射频消融术后早期FS-T2WI消融区周围水肿环评价消融疗效的应用

目的探讨肝脏恶性肿瘤射频消融(RFA)术后早期FS-T2WI消融区周围水肿环形态用于评价RFA疗效的价值。方法收集接受RFA治疗的18例肝癌及4例肝转移瘤患者,于术后第3天行MR平扫,观察FS-T2WI中消融区周围水肿环的形态特点;随访复查MR平扫、多期增强扫描及肿瘤标志物,评价根据FS-T2WI水肿环连续性判断RFA疗效的价值。结果消融后,22例病灶FS-T2WI消融区周围均出现高信号水肿环。19例水肿环连续,其中11例厚薄均匀,8例厚薄不均匀但形态规整、边界清晰;术后随访均无异常强化,肿瘤标志物稳定,提示消融完全。3例水肿环不连续,局部可见外凸稍高信号结节,术后1个月增强MRI可见结节状动脉期强化,血清甲胎蛋白升高,提示消融区域未完全覆盖肿瘤区域,消融不完全。结论肝脏恶性肿瘤RFA后早期FS-T2WI消融区周围水肿环对评价疗效具有一定价值,尤其对于判断短期疗效意义重大。     

CT引导下射频消融治疗肺癌的学习曲线

目的探讨CT引导下射频消融治疗不能手术原发性肺癌的学习曲线。方法收集2007年3月～2009年6月90例不能手术的肺癌患者临床资料和CT引导下射频消融治疗结果,所有患者由射频消融研究组完成,按照时间顺序分为3组(A、B和C组,每组30例)。A组在14个月内完成,平均每月2.1例;B组在7个月内完成,平均每月4.3例;C组在6个月内完成,平均每月5.0例。3组性别、年龄、体力状况(ECOG)评分、病灶大小、消融灶数量、位置等无统计学差异(P>0.05)。比较3组的操作时间、射频消融时间、病灶定位时间、并发症发生率、术后住院时间和完全消融率等。结果 C组操作时间(42.0±13.3)min明显短于A组(53.7±16.7)min和B组(60.5±26.5)min(F=6.821,P=0.002,PA-B=0.182,PA-C=0.024,PB-C=0.000);C组的射频针在肿瘤内的定位时间(5.5±1.3)min明显短于A组(13.2±4.0)min和B组(11.4±5.7)min(F=28.867,P=0.000,PA-B=0.095,PA-C=0.000,PB-C=0.000);术后住院时间B组(2.5±0.8)d和C组(2.4±1.6)d明显短于A组(3.2±0.8)d(F=4.646,P=0.012,PA-B=0.024,PA-C=0.005,PB-C=0.566)。3组间肿瘤完全消融率和并发症无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 CT射频消融治疗不能手术肺癌存在学习曲线的问题,经过60例的经验积累,会缩短射频消融的操作时间和住院时间。     

CT引导下射频消融术治疗肺转移瘤

目的探讨CT引导下射频消融术(RFA)治疗肺转移瘤的应用价值。方法对102例患者128个肺部转移性病灶行CT引导下RFA,消融功率范围40～80 W,消融时间12～25 min;术后以CT随访评估疗效。结果对所有患者均成功实施RFA。治疗后完全消融病灶120个,CT复查显示病灶无强化,边缘清晰,体积呈不同程度渐进性缩小,呈纤维条索状、结节状、空洞状等改变。术后3个月复查8个病灶可见边缘结节状强化,即刻行2次RFA消融术,术后复查其中7个病灶完全灭活,1个仍有增大趋势,行放射性粒子植入术控制病灶。术后6例出现中、大量气胸,予以胸腔闭式引流;少量气胸12例,发热12例,对症处理后均好转;无严重并发症发生。结论 CT引导下经皮穿刺RFA治疗肺转移瘤安全、有效,具有高度临床应用价值。     

Radiofrequency ablation of liver tumors: influence of technique and tumor size

BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency thermal ablation (RFA) of liver tumors is done by both radiologists and surgeons by using various techniques for a variety of indications. This report describes our initial experience with RFA in 45 patients with hepatic malignancies. METHODS: Patients with primary or secondary hepatic malignancies who were not candidates for resection underwent ultrasound-guided RFA under general anesthesia. End points were recurrence within or adjacent to the ablation zone or new hepatic or extrahepatic lesions. Product limit survival estimates for both ablation site recurrence-free survival and disease-free survival were calculated and compared for tumor size (less than 4 cm or 4 cm or greater), operative approach (percutaneous, laparoscopy, or open), and tumor type (hepatocellular cancer, colorectal cancer, or other metastatic disease). RESULTS: Patients with hepatocellular cancer (n = 11) and with secondary hepatic malignancies (n = 34) had 84 lesions ablated with a median follow-up of 12 months. Largest ablated tumor size of 4 cm or greater (P <.001) and the percutaneous approach (P <.02) were associated with worse ablation site recurrence-free survival but not overall disease-free survival (P =.06). The 15 patients with colorectal cancer had worse disease-free survival compared with other tumor types (P <.01). CONCLUSIONS: RFA of hepatic malignancies can be done by using a percutaneous, laparoscopic, or open approach. Local control appears superior for tumors less than 4 cm and when an open surgical approach is used. The difficulty in achieving prolonged disease-free survival, especially in colorectal cancer, underscores the need to investigate multimodality approaches that include local ablative techniques. Future RFA studies should consider tumor size, operative technique, and tumor type in trial design.     

Pulmonary resection for metastatic laryngeal carcinoma

In a 5 year period, 11 patients were referred to our department as candidates for resection of pulmonary metastases from laryngeal carcinoma. At thoracotomy, a second primary tumor of the lung was discovered in three patients (27%). The other eight were considered eligible for thoracotomy and were subsequently proved to have metastases. Two of these patients (Group I) refused surgical treatment and died after 10 and 12 months; histologic diagnosis was obtained at autopsy. Six patients (Group II) underwent curative resection: Two of them have died (26 and 34 months) and four are alive and free of disease 40, 43, 46, and 55 months after thoracotomy. The disease-free interval, stage of primary tumor at laryngectomy, and single versus multiple metastases do not seem to affect survival. We conclude that lung resection increases survival in patients with pulmonary metastases from laryngeal carcinoma.     

CT引导下射频消融治疗肺部恶性肿瘤的疗效评价

目的探讨CT引导下肺恶性肿瘤射频消融后的影像学表现、临床疗效及安全性。方法对32例患者共39个肺部肿瘤病灶行CT引导下射频消融,直至即时CT影像上出现磨玻璃影覆盖病灶周围;术后1个月进行复查,其后每3个月随访,并评估影像学上消融灶变化。结果射频消融过程均顺利,无严重的治疗相关性并发症;病灶完全消融率89.19%(33/37),不完全消融率10.81%(4/37);术后1个月消融灶多表现为空洞样或结节样,长期随访中,完全消融的病灶多呈缩小趋势,而不完全消融的4个病灶均出现复发。中位总生存期为21.0月,中位无进展生存时间为17.3个月,中位疾病进展时间为18.0个月。结论 CT引导下射频消融治疗肺部恶性肿瘤安全性好,且病灶控制率高。     

Surgical technique of experimental lung transplantation in rabbits.

BACKGROUND: Although rabbits have often been used as an experimental model for the analysis of lung preservation, there are no reports of long-term survival after rabbit lung allotransplantation. The purpose of this study was to establish a lung allotransplantation model for the evaluation of acute lung rejection in the rabbit and to investigate the transplantation techniques in the rabbit. METHODS: Left unilateral lung allotransplantations were performed in 10 pairs of Japanese white male rabbits, weighing from 2.8 to 3.7 kg. Rabbits were divided into two groups. Group A rabbits (n=5) received Cyclosporine A (CsA) (20 mg/kg/day) orally for 5 days postoperatively, while Group B rabbits (n=5) received no CsA. All rabbits were sacrificed at the fifth postoperative day for histological examinations. RESULTS: Anastomoses of the pulmonary vein were achieved by using the atrial cuff technique. Satisfied blood flow was obtained in all arterial and venous anastomosis sites. Bronchial anastomosis was also well healed and all rabbits could maintain adequate spontaneous ventilation. In Group A, histopathology revealed that three cases were grade A0, one was grade A1 and the other was A2. In Group B, three cases lived for five days, and histopathology showed two cases were grade A2 and one case was grade A3. CONCLUSION: We established a left unilateral lung allotransplantation model in the rabbit and observed suppression of acute rejection of the transplanted lung by CsA. This study suggests that the rabbit is also an experimental model suited for the analysis of lung preservation as well as lung allotransplant rejection.     

直径不大于5 cm孤立性肝癌：射频消融与手术治疗的比较

目的 分析射频消融（RFA）和手术切除（SR）两种治疗方式对直径≤5 cm孤立性肝细胞癌预后的影响,比较其优劣性。方法 回顾性分析2015年1月至2018年12月中山大学附属中山医院、华中科技大学附属同济医院、孝感市中心医院收治的直径≤5 cm的孤立性肝细胞癌、并接受以上其中一种治疗方式的病人资料,共606例。患者分为A组（直径≤2 cm）、B组（2 cm<直径≤3 cm）、C组（3 cm<直径≤5 cm）3个亚组,其中A组：77例;B组：239例;C组：290例。调查RFA和SR两种治疗方式在各亚组和总体人群中对预后影响,并进一步分析影响RFA疗效的主要原因。结果 在肝细胞癌患者总体人群中,行SR组患者的生存预后优于RFA组,差异具有统计学差异（P<0.05）。肿瘤直径≤2 cm时,SR与RFA临床疗效相当,生存预后和无复发生存无统计学差异（P>0.05）。2 cm<直径≤3 cm时,SR的生存预后和无复发生存均优于RFA;直径为>3 cm且≤5 cm的肝细胞癌患者,SR的生存预后和无复发生存优于RFA,差异存在统计学差异（P<0.05）。结论 对于肿瘤直径≤2 cm患者,RFA可达到与SR一样的临床疗效;对于2 cm<肿瘤直径≤5 cm肝细胞癌患者,应优先考虑SR。     

Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation with transarterial embolization is useful for treatment of stage 1 renal cell carcinoma with surgical risk: Results at 2-year mean follow up

OBJECTIVES: Despite laparoscopic partial nephrectomy and laparoscopic cryotherapy being performed lately, an even less invasive treatment would be desirable in high-risk patients. Under local anesthesia with i.v. sedation, we were able to perform percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) combined with renal arterial embolization for unresectable stage 1 (T1NoMo) renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We evaluated the feasibility, safety and therapeutic effects of this technique after a 2-year mean follow up. METHODS: Thirty-one patients who were not candidates for surgery underwent RFA for 36 stage 1 RCC. Twenty-eight tumors were percutaneously ablated 6 days after the tumor vessels were embolized. Dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed to evaluate treatment at completion. RESULTS: Tumor enhancement was eliminated after two RFA sessions in all tumors. Thirty tumors remained free of enhancement during a mean follow-up period of 24.3 months. There were no major complications related to the procedures though one instance of pyonephrosis, two of subcapsular hematomas, one of retroperitoneal hemorrhage and one of nausea were seen after RFA. Two patients died of other diseases (i.e. colon cancer and cerebral bleeding) 20 and 26 months after RFA treatment. One patient had a local recurrence of tumor and underwent re-RFA. The recurrence rate of RCC after successful RFA was 2.8%. There was no recurrence in patients who had tumors of less than 4 cm after RFA at a mean follow-up period of 24.3 months. Local control was achieved in 100% of T1NoMo tumors including the recurrence case that underwent re-RFA. CONCLUSIONS: The result of the present study at 2-year mean follow up showed percutaneous RFA was a feasible, safe and promising therapy for the treatment of unresectable stage 1 RCC, especially those smaller than 4 cm.     

兔VX2肝癌模型种植方法的改良及其生长特性的研究

目的 探讨改良兔VX2肝癌模型种植方法及该模型的生长特性.方法 将60只实验兔随机分为3组,A组用瘤细胞悬液注射法种植;B组将瘤组织块直接种植于肝左内侧叶膈面;C组将瘤组织块种植于肝左内侧叶脏面与左外侧叶重叠处.观察荷瘤兔一般情况、肿瘤的生长状况、肝功能的变化、新生瘤的超声征象及病理学改变.结果 3组种植瘤接种成功率分别为30.0%、50.0%和85.0%,组间比较有明显差异.荷瘤兔的一般状况随着时间的延长不断恶化,且B型超声所测肿瘤直径与肿瘤真实大小无明显差异.结论 此种改良种植方法较传统方法可以明显的提高兔VX2肝癌模型的种植成功率,为肝癌研究提供稳定的试验模型.