齿龈内阿米巴引起牙周炎的实验研究

目的　探讨齿龈内阿米巴 (Entamoeba ,gingivalis ,E .g .)的致病性及其与牙周炎之间的关系。方法　大白鼠用免疫抑制剂处理 1周 ,其下颌中切牙颈部用不锈钢丝栓扎后 ,随机分为 3组 ,分别于牙龈涂拭E .g .,共生菌 (Symbioticbacteria ,S .b .)及生理盐水 ,观察各组大白鼠发生牙周炎状况 ,同时检查脓液中有无活的病原体 ,实验结果进行病理学分析。结果　E .g .组大白鼠牙周炎发病率高于S .b .组和对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,S .b组大白鼠牙周炎发病率高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;脓液镜检或培养均查见相应的病原体 ;病理证实E .g .可引发牙周炎。结论　E .g .是条件致病病原体 ,当宿主免疫力低下时 ,在口腔内细菌协同作用下可使宿主发生牙周炎。     

齿龈阿米巴及口腔滴虫致病作用的初步探讨

齿龈阿米巴及口腔滴虫以其滋养体寄生于口腔的齿龈袋、齿垢及齿龈病灶周围组织内,有时亦见于扁桃体隐窝,偶见于痰液。为了解西安地区口腔原虫感染情况,我们于85年10月至86月7月,对572人进行了调查,并进行了统计和分析,报道如下。     

齿龈内阿米巴与牙周炎相关性的研究进展

齿龈内阿米巴(Entamoeba gingivalis,E.gingivalis)主要出现在人口咽部,是最早被报道的人体阿米巴原虫.E.gingivalis通常存在于口腔卫生状况不良及一些口腔疾病患者,特别是牙周炎患者的牙周袋中具有更高的检出率.尽管通常认为E.gingivalis为共生微生物,但随着检测和分析技术的不...     

感染齿龈内阿米巴的牙周炎患者唾液中酶和MDA的含量与作用

目的 探讨酶类和氧自由基在齿龈内阿米巴（Ｅｎｔａｍｏｅｂａ ｇｉｎｇｉｖａｌｉｓ,Ｅｇ）致牙周炎中的作用。方法 以自然流滴法分别收集感染Ｅｇ的牙周炎患者,无感染Ｅｇ的牙周炎患者及健康对照者三组的唾液,用生化方法检测唾液中的超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）,酸性磷酸酶（ＡＣＰ０,过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）活性和过氧化脂质产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）的含量。结果 有,无感染Ｅｇ的牙周炎两组的ＳＯＤ活性均低于正常组;感染Ｅｇ     

604人齿龈内阿米巴的调查分析——初步探讨原虫与牙周炎的关系

齿龈内阿米巴(Entamoeba gingivalis简称E·g)是寄居人口腔里一种最常见的原虫。《人体寄生虫学》。记载了它“寄生于齿间,齿龈化脓时多见,但并非本虫所致”。沈、黄二氏曾于20多年前有过报道。我们用电脑检索1980—1982年国外英、俄文资料,得到少量文献,均认为E·g与口腔     

药物牙膏对部分口腔细菌抑制作用的体外实验

目的 分析市售药物牙膏对部分口腔细菌的抑制情况。方法 采用体外液体稀释法测定细菌敏感性。结果 洁银中药牙膏抑菌作用最为明显，其次是中华草本牙膏、佳洁士多合一牙膏、两面针中药牙膏、黑妹护齿康等，其它有中度抑菌作用的牙膏分别有新世纪美加净牙膏、白玉芦荟牙膏、高露洁含氟牙膏、两面针全能牙膏、上海防酸牙膏等，芳草牙膏、草珊瑚护齿牙膏抑菌效果稍差。结论 各种含天然植物成份牙膏对口腔细菌均有不同程度抑制作用。     

显微硬度体外评估漂白牙膏的防龋效果

目前漂白牙膏的使用越来越普遍，这些牙膏常包含有0．5％～1．5％的过氧化脲作为漂白剂。有研究表明低浓度的过氧化脲对釉质没有明显影响，而高浓度的过氧化脲可造成釉质显微硬度降低、矿物质丢失甚至在釉质表面形成点隙。因此，对于含氟漂白牙膏来说，在漂白牙齿的同时，其防龋效果如何迄今还未见报道。本文的目的是在体外评估含氟漂白牙膏的防龋效果。     

齿龈阿米巴感染对牙周炎患者血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-8和NO水平的影响

牙周炎是由牙菌斑中的细菌特别是G-厌氧菌混合感染引起的,有文献认为:在某些人群中(其中)约有65%的牙周炎合并齿龈内阿米巴(Entamoebaginfivalis,Eg)感染[1]。不少学者对牙周炎时局部组织和分泌物中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)、白细胞介素1β(IL1β)、白细胞介素8(IL8)和一氧化氮(N     

球形二氧化硅和碳酸钙2种磨擦剂牙膏对牙本质影响的体外对比研究

目的：评价球形二氧化硅(SiO2)和碳酸钙(CaCO3)磨擦剂牙膏对牙本质的影响。方法：采用光镜、扫描电镜和放射活性方法检测牙本质磨损(RDA)，观察SiO2和CaCO3磨擦剂牙膏体外对牙本质表面磨损的影响，以及对牙本质的氟吸收量和牙本质再矿化的影响。结果：使用CaCO3磨擦剂牙膏刷牙造成了牙本质的明显磨损；SiO2牙膏的RDA值分别是98．61和86．17，而CaCO3牙膏的RDA值分别是222．85和253．84；相应也观测到CaCO3磨擦剂尖锐的形态；CaCO3牙膏牙本质的氟吸收量为7．28，SiO2牙本质的氟吸收量为21．65；扫描电镜观察证明，SiO2能明显促进牙本质的再矿化。结论：在体外试验中，CaCO3牙膏较SiO2牙膏更易造成牙本质的磨损。     

双黄连牙膏对牙菌斑、牙龈炎的控制效果

目的评价含有双黄连成分的牙膏在控制菌斑及牙龈炎症方面的效果。方法选取符合纳入标准的25名牙龈炎患者,随机分为2组。采用双盲法实验,一组使用含双黄连成分牙膏,另一组使用不含双黄连其它成分相同的牙膏。记录使用牙膏前及使用牙膏1、4、12周菌斑指数、牙龈指数、探诊出血情况,比较2组数据,评价含有双黄连成分的牙膏在控制菌斑及牙龈炎症方面的效果。结果双黄连组与对照组菌斑指数、牙龈指数、探诊出血均有改善,双黄连组疗效持续时间更长久。结论使用含双黄连成分牙膏可更好、更持久的消除菌斑,减少菌斑再附着,减轻牙龈炎症。     

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目的    探讨奥硝唑注射液对体外培养的齿龈内阿米巴活力的影响。方法    于2010年6—8月在青岛大学医学院附属医院口腔科,使用蛋白胨-酵母-葡萄糖（PYG）培养液体外培养齿龈内阿米巴,随机从来源于不同患者的6份阿米巴悬液中各取6 mL,在实验前以及加入奥硝唑注射液1、2、5、10、30 min从每份中取1mL,用台盼蓝染色确定各份阿米巴的活力;分别在每个检测时间点选择活力最强的悬液,离心去上清后加入PYG培养液培养5 d,并观察其增殖情况及形态变化。结果    奥硝唑分别作用1、2、5 min后,阿米巴活力与实验前比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;奥硝唑分别作用10 min和30 min后,阿米巴活力与实验前比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。离心并培养1个周期后观察显示,奥硝唑作用1、2 min的阿米巴增殖状况良好,作用5、10、30 min的阿米巴增殖力减弱甚至消失。结论    奥硝唑作用10 min以上杀灭齿龈内阿米巴的效果较好,口腔内局部使用该药物可以成为治疗齿龈内阿米巴感染的有效手段。     

含多肽因子牙膏对牙釉质抗酸蚀作用的体外研究

目的观察含多肽因子牙膏对牙釉质抗酸饮作用的效果。方法在体外pH循环环境中.用含多肽因子的牙膏处理28枚正常离体牙釉质片.通过显微硬度测定和偏光显微镜等.分析多肽因子牙膏对牙釉质的抗酸蚀作用效果。结果徐用多肽因子牙膏组的牙釉质硬度较对照组高（P＜0.0001）。偏光显微镜观察.其实验组总的脱矿程度小于对照组。结论含多肽因子牙膏对牙釉质具有一定的抗酸蚀作用。     

The in vitro impact of toothpaste extracts on cell viability

Toothpastes contain three main components: detergents, abrasives, and fluoride. Detergents, particularly sodium lauryl sulfate, have been proposed as components that enable toothpastes to produce cytotoxic effects in vitro. However, not all toothpastes contain sodium lauryl sulfate, and almost no studies have found an association between detergents and the in vitro cytotoxicity of toothpastes. The present study examined the in vitro cytotoxicity of nine commercially available toothpastes containing four different detergents. Toothpastes were diluted in serum‐free medium, centrifuged, and filter sterilized. The half‐lethal concentration of the toothpaste‐conditioned medium (TCM) was calculated based on the formation of formazan by gingival fibroblasts, oral squamous cell carcinoma HSC‐2 cells, and L929 cells. Cell proliferation was analyzed, and live‐dead staining was performed, after exposure of cells to conditioned medium prepared with 1% toothpaste (1% TCM). It was found that toothpastes containing sodium lauryl sulfate and amine fluoride strongly inhibited cell viability with the half‐lethal concentration being obtained with conditioned medium prepared with approximately 1% toothpaste (1% TCM). Toothpastes containing cocamidopropyl betaine and Steareth‐20 showed higher half‐lethal concentration values, with the half‐lethal concentration being obtained with conditioned medium prepared with 10% (10% TCM) and 70% (70% TCM) toothpaste, respectively. Proliferation and live–dead data were consistent with the cell‐viability analyses. These results demonstrate that the type of detergent in toothpastes can be associated with changes in in vitro cell toxicity.     

The effect of toothpaste containing triclosan on oral mucosal desquamation

Abstract SLS-containing toothpaste has previously been shown to cause oral mucosal desquamations when used in an experimental cap splint model. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of toothpastes containing SLS in combination with triclosan on oral mucosal desquamation in a similar cap splint model system. It has previously been shown that the antibacterial agent triclosan also may have anti-inflammatory properties. The concentration of triclosan in the experimental toothpastes was 0.3%, while SLS varied from 1.5% to 3%. No oral mucosal desquamations were observed after use of a 1.5% SLS – 0.3% triclosan containing toothpaste, contrary to the positive control toothpaste that contained 1.5% SLS without triclosan. Furthermore, a statistically significant reduction in severe desquamations was observed after use of a toothpaste containing 3% SLS – 0.3% triclosan compared with the positive control. It may thus be suggested that triclosan exerts a moderating effect on desquamative reactions caused by SLS and that the effect is dependent on the relative amount of triclosan and SLS in the toothpastes.     

The inhibitory effect of alendronate and taurine on osteoclast differentiation mediated by Porphyromonas gingivalis sonicates in vitro

The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of alendronate and taurine in inhibiting in vitro osteoclast differentiation induced by bacteria. Whole cell sonicates of Porphyromonas gingivalis were used as an osteoclast-stimulating factor in a mouse coculture system and differentiated osteoclasts were confirmed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. Alendronate at the concentrations of 10(-7) M, 10(-6) M, and 10(-5) M and taurine at the concentrations of 4 mM, 8 mM, and 12 mM were used. The cytotoxic effects of alendronate and taurine were examined using methylthiazole-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The amounts of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in culture supernatants were also measured using ELISA. The sonicates of P. gingivalis at the concentration of 0.01-0.1 microg/ml significantly stimulated the formation of osteoclasts (p < 0.05). Alendronate (10(-5) M) and taurine (12 mM) significantly suppressed the sonicate-stimulated osteoclast formation. In MTT assay, no cytotoxic effects were evident in all concentrations of alendronate and taurine. Alendronate and taurine did not affect the amount of IL-6 induced by P. gingivalis sonicates. These data indicate that alendronate and taurine have inhibitory effects on bacteria-stimulated osteoclast formation in vitro and that this inhibitory mechanism is not related to the blocking of IL-6 production.     

隆力奇DL复合酶牙膏对部分口腔微生物体外抑菌作用的实验研究

目的:检测隆力奇DL复合酶牙膏(含葡聚糖酶和溶菌酶)对口腔部分微生物的抑菌作用。方法:采用Dentocult SM法检测葡聚糖酶水溶液和隆力奇DL复合酶牙膏提取液对变形链球菌黏附性的作用;采用琼脂扩散法检测溶菌酶水溶液和隆力奇DL复合酶牙膏对伴放线放线杆菌、牙龈卟啉单胞菌和粘性放线菌的抑菌作用。结果:葡聚糖酶水溶液和隆力奇DL复合酶牙膏提取液能够减少变形链球菌在Dentocult SM附着板上的黏附;溶菌酶水溶液可以在伴放线放线杆菌、牙龈卟啉单胞菌和粘性放线菌的含菌培养基上形成清晰的抑菌环,其直径大小随溶菌酶浓度增加而增大;隆力奇DL复合酶牙膏也可在牙龈卟啉单胞菌和粘性放线菌的含菌培养基上形成清晰的抑菌环,而在伴放线放线杆菌培养基上形成的抑菌环不清晰。结论:葡聚糖酶和隆力奇DL复合酶牙膏能够降低变形链球菌的黏附性;溶菌酶和隆力奇DL复合酶牙膏对部分口腔微生物具有一定的体外抑菌效果。     

Studies on the effect of toothpaste rinses on plaque regrowth

Encouraging findings have been reported for the effects of Triclosan/zinc citrate toothpastes on plaque regrowth and in some studies gingival health. To date, commercially-available toothpastes contain 0.2% Triclosan with or without 0.5% zinc citrate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects on 4-day plaque regrowth, of a number of 0.2% Triclosan toothpastes with or without zinc citrate. All of the toothpastes contained varying levels of anionic detergent sodium lauryl sulphate and were compared with a commercially available toothpaste without Triclosan or zinc citrate and a 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthrinse. The toothpastes were used as slurry twice a day and plaque regrowth scored by area and the criteria of the debris index. Plaque inhibition was significantly greater with the chlorhexidine mouthrinse than with all of the toothpastes. There were no significant differences in plaque scores between any of the toothpastes. It would appear that at the concentration of 0.2% Triclosan with or without 0.5% zinc citrate provides little if any additional benefit to plaque inhibition to that produced by a conventional toothpaste containing sodium lauryl sulphate.