心肌梗死与心肌梗死伴糖尿病患者的心率变异性分析

应用24小时全信息动态心电监测仪,分别测定单纯MI组(39例),MI合并T2DM组(20)例,正常对照组(24例)HRV的时域指标:总体标准差(SDNN),均值标准差(SDANN),差值均方的平方根(rMSSD)和爱丁堡指数(pNN50);频域指标:低频(LF)反应交感神经张力,高频(HF)反应迷走神经能力,低/高比率(LF/HF)反应交感神经与迷走神经均衡性。结果与对照组比较,单纯MI组SDNN、HF显著降低(P0.05),rMSSD、PNN50差异无显著意义。MI伴DM组与对照组比较,HRV时域指标SDNN、SDANN、PNN50显著降低,HF降低、LF/HF升高有显著意义。与单纯MI组比较,SDNN、HF差异有统计学意义,其余指标比较无显著意义。结论心肌梗死伴糖尿病患者HRV降低可能与糖尿病性神经系统损害及心肌缺血程度较单纯心肌梗死严重有关。     

心血管病患者与健康成人心率变异性的比较

目的比较心血管疾病与健康成人的心率变异性。方法应用12通道动态心电图对273例心血管病患者(实验组)与210例健康成人(对照组)的HRV时域和频域指标进行对比分析。HRV时域指标:24h全部窦性RR间期的标准差(SDNN)、24h连续5min窦性RR间期均值标准差(SDANN)、相邻RR间期差值均方根(rMSSD)、相邻窦性RR间期差值大于50ms的百分比(PNN50);HRV频域指标:总功率(TP)、极低频功率(VLF)、低频功率(LF)、高频功率(HF)及LF/HF。结果心血管病患者的年龄、SDNN、SDANN、rMSSD、TP及VLF较对照组差异有统计学意义(p<0.05),而PNN50、LF、HF及LF/HF差异无统计学意义(p>0.05)。结论心血管病患者心脏自主神经调控功能紊乱,迷走神经活性降低,交感神经活性增强。     

弥漫性甲状腺肿治疗前后心率变异性的变化

目的 探讨弥漫性甲状腺肿（又称Graves病,简称GD）患者心率变异性（HRV）的变化。方法 选取30例GD患者,另选取30例健康志愿者作为对比研究。观察GD患者治疗前后HRV指标：所有窦性心搏RR间期标准差（SDNN）、全程记录中每5 min窦性心搏RR间期平均值的标准差（SDANN）、相邻RR间期差大于或等于50 ms的个数占总心跳次数的百分比（PNN50）、低频LF（0. 04 ~ 0. 15 Hz）、高频HF（0. 15 ~ 0. 40 Hz）、LF/ HF值、极低频VLF（0. 003 3 ~0. 04 Hz）。结果 GD组治疗后与治疗前相比,时域指标：SDNN、RMSDNN、SDANN、PNN50均改善（P 均〈0. 01）;频域指标LF、HF、VLF亦均明显改善（P 均〈0. 01）;GD组治疗前HRV指标：SDNN、PNN50、LF、HF、VLF均低于对照组（P〈0. 01）;GD组治疗后与对照组相比,HRV上述指标两组无显著性差异。 GD组治疗前频域指标24 h波动曲线趋于平稳,治疗后波动性有所恢复。结论 GD患者存在心脏自主神经调节功能异常,以迷走神经受损为主;24 h频域指标波动性则趋于平稳,治疗后调节功能异常和波动性可有不同程度恢复。     

冠心病、糖尿病气阴两虚证患者心率变异性研究

目的研究气阴两虚证患者心率变异性（HRV）的变化情况。并分析不同疾病（冠心病、糖尿病）相同证候是否有相似的自主神经功能状态。方法气阴两虚证患者124倒,其中冠心病组61例,糖尿痛组63例,另选同年龄段健康者66例为对照组。分析3组观察者HRV时域指标（SDNN。SDANN,rMSSD,PNN50,HRV index,DI）、频域指标（总功率、极低频、低频、高频）。结果气阴两虚证患者HRV时域指标（SDNN,SDANN,rMSSD,HRVindex）、频域指标（总功率、极低频、低频、高频）均低于对照组（P〈0．05）。冠心病组与糖尿病组HRV时域、频域指标比较无统计学意义。结论气阴两虚证患者自主神经功能严重受损,不同疾病（冠心病、糖尿病）相同证候HRV变化具有一致性。     

老年糖尿病患者心率变异的探讨

目的　探讨老年糖尿病患者心率变异 (HRV)的临床价值。方法　分别对糖尿病人和正常人采用 2 4hHolter监测HRV时域频域分析。结果　正常组与糖尿病组时域分析比较SDNN、SDANN、ASDNN、rMSSD、PNN5 0有显著差异P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1,频域分析比较LF、HF、L/H、VLF、TP有显著差异P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1。结论　老年糖尿病病患者HRV降低 ,存在自主神经受累 ,心血管危险因素可能性增加     

2型糖尿病患者心率变异性分析

目的:分析2型糖尿病对心率变异性的影响。方法:对31例2型糖尿病患者和健康对照组进行24 h动态心电图监测,并测定心率变异性时域指标SDNN、SDNNIndex、SDANN、rMSSD、PNN50和频域指标TF、LF、HF、LF/HF和24h平均心率。结果:2型糖尿病患者心率变异性指标较对照组显著降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论:2型糖尿病患者心率变异性减低,提示心脏自主神经功能受损。     

慢性失眠对老年糖尿病患者静息心率及心率变异性的影响

目的探讨慢性失眠对老年糖尿病患者静息心率(RHR)及心率变异性(HRV)的影响。方法入选老年患者236例,分为健康对照组62例,单纯糖尿病组64例,糖尿病合并失眠组110例,其中糖尿病合并失眠组按失眠病程分为<5年组(40例),5⁹年组(38例)和≥10年组(32例)。所有患者行常规心电图及24 h心电图检查,并对RHR,HRV时域指标窦性R-R间标准差(SDNN)、窦性R-R间期标准差(SDANN)、窦性R-R间期标准差均值(SDNN index)、窦性R-R间期差值>50 ms(r MSSD)和R-R连质差异均值的平方根(PNN50),频域指标低频(LF)、高频(HF)及LF/FH进行对比分析。结果与健康对照组相比,单纯糖尿病组和糖尿病合并失眠组HRV各时域指标及频域指标LF、HF降低,RHR及LF/HF增高(P<0.05)。与单纯糖尿病组相比,糖尿病合并失眠组HRV各时域指标及频域指标LF、HF降低明显,LF/HF增高明显(P<0.05)。糖尿病合并失眠组中失眠病程59年组(38例)和≥10年组(32例)。所有患者行常规心电图及24 h心电图检查,并对RHR,HRV时域指标窦性R-R间标准差(SDNN)、窦性R-R间期标准差(SDANN)、窦性R-R间期标准差均值(SDNN index)、窦性R-R间期差值>50 ms(r MSSD)和R-R连质差异均值的平方根(PNN50),频域指标低频(LF)、高频(HF)及LF/FH进行对比分析。结果与健康对照组相比,单纯糖尿病组和糖尿病合并失眠组HRV各时域指标及频域指标LF、HF降低,RHR及LF/HF增高(P<0.05)。与单纯糖尿病组相比,糖尿病合并失眠组HRV各时域指标及频域指标LF、HF降低明显,LF/HF增高明显(P<0.05)。糖尿病合并失眠组中失眠病程5⁹年组和≥10年组的HRV各时域指标及频域指标LF、HF降低,RHR及LF/HF增高(P<0.05);失眠病程≥10年组的HRV各时域指标及频域指标LF、HF较59年组和≥10年组的HRV各时域指标及频域指标LF、HF降低,RHR及LF/HF增高(P<0.05);失眠病程≥10年组的HRV各时域指标及频域指标LF、HF较5⁹年组进一步降低,RHR及LF/HF进一步增高(P<0.05)。结论慢性失眠可加重老年糖尿病患者自主神经功能紊乱,其中失眠病程越长,糖尿病患者自主神经功能紊乱程度更明显。     

晕船病的心率变异性分析

目的研究晕船病者的心率变异性（HRV）,分析两者间的关系。方法 88名健康学员根据航海中是否出现晕船反应分为晕船病组（A组）46例和不晕船组（B组）42例,分别采集其陆上安静状态下和海上航行中的短程HRV,分析其时域、频域指标,判断自主神经功能状态。结果①在陆上安静状态下,SDNN、PNN50、HRVI、VLF、LF、HF、TP指标A组高于B组,MRR、rMSSD在二组间无差异,而LF/HF A组低于B组。②海上航行中,A组MRR、SDNN、rMSSD、PNN50、HRVI、LF、HF、TP高于B组。VLF二组间无差异。结论晕船病者固有的自主神经张力较高,在发生晕船病时自主神经张力明显增高,特别是以迷走神经张力为主。HRV检测可以作为预测晕船病的一个敏感指标。     

750例健康儿童心率变异性分析

目的对750例健康儿童心率变异性（heart rate variability,HRV）进行分析,观察正常值范围及HRV与年龄的关系。方法对750例来我院体格检查的正常健康儿童分为以下6个年龄组：新生儿组（〈1个月）、婴儿组（1个月一1岁）、幼儿组（1～3岁）、学龄前组（3～6岁）、学龄组（6—11岁）和青春期组（11—16岁）,进行24h动态心电图检测,分析HRV时域（SDNN、SDANN、PNNSO、rMSSD）及频域（TF、VLF、LF、HF、LF／HF）结果。结果（1）各年龄组HRV时域分析SDNN、SDANN、rMSSD差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,随年龄增长,HRV有增大趋势。（2）HRV频域分析TF、VLF、LF、HF差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,数值随年龄增大而增大。结论不同年龄段HRV时域及频域结果不同,HRV随年龄增加而增大,可对临床研究异常HRV提供参考依据。     

代谢综合征、糖尿病及高血压对心率变异性的比较研究

分析比较MS、DM、高血压患者及正常对照组的HRV。结果：MS与DM，高血压一样，SDNN、SDANN、SDNNindex、ULF、VLF、LF及HF均较正常组降低，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论（1）MS、糖尿病、高血压患者HRV降低，交感及迷走神经同时受损，自主神经调节失衡；（2）MS、DM及高血压时HRV均隆低，对心血管疾病有一定的预测作用。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

N-acetyl-L-cysteine combined with mesalamine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis： Randomized,placebo-controlled pilot study

AIM： To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral N-acetyl-L-cysteine （NAC） co-administration with mesalamine in ulcerative colitis （UC） patients.
METHODS： Thirty seven patients with mild to moderate UC were randomized to receive a four-wk course of oral mesalamine （2.4 g/d） plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （0.8 g/d） （group A） or mesalamine plus placebo （group B）. Patients were monitored using the Modified Truelove-Witts Severity Index （MTWSI）. The primary endpoint was clinical remission （MTWSI ≤ 2） at 4 wk. Secondary endpoints were clinical response （defined as a reduction from baseline in the MTWSI of ≥ 2 points） and drug safety. The serum TNF-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and MCP-1 were evaluated at baseline and at 4 wk of treatment. RESULTS： Analysis per-protocol criteria showed clinical remission rates of 63% and 50% after 4 wk treatment with mesalamine plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （group A） and mesalamine plus placebo （group B） respectively （OR = 1.71; 95% CI： 0.46 to 6.36; P = 0.19; NNT = 7.7）. Analysis of variance （ANOVA） of data indicated a significant reduction of MTWSI in group A （P = 0.046） with respect to basal condition without significant changes in the group B （P = 0.735） during treatment. Clinical responses were 66% （group A） vs 44% （group B） after 4 wk of treatment （OR = 2.5; 95% CI： 0.64 to 9.65; P = 0.11; NNT = 4.5）. Clinical improvement in group A correlated with a decrease of IL-8 and MCP-1. Rates of adverse events did not differ significantly between both groups.
CONCLUSION： In group A （oral NAC combined with mesalamine） contrarily to group B （mesalamine alone）, the clinical improvement correlates with a decrease of chemokines such as MCP-1 and IL-8. NAC addition not produced any side effects.     

Delorme's transrectal excision for internal rectal prolapse

Surgical therapy of functional outlet obstruction in patients with internal rectal intussusception may include abdominal, perineal, or transrectal procedures. Because abdominal procedures often result in significant physiologic impact but unrelieved constipation, the authors have elected Delorme's transrectal excision for management of these patients. Since a short-term placebo effect attends many therapies, this report describes results of transrectal excision only after a threeyear postoperative period. Delorme's transrectal excision of internal intussusception accomplished sustained symptomatic relief in over 70 percent of otherwise refractory constipated patients. The association of internal intussusception with other abnormalities underscores the importance of defining both anatomic and functional components when selecting patients whose constipation may require surgical therapy. Critical technical elements, surgical pitfalls, and potential complications of the procedure are discussed.Poster presentation at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Toronto, Canada, June 11 to 16, 1989.     

The oral glucose tolerance test: A comparison of the time points on the basis of limit values,normal dispersion,and reproducibility

Summary Time points in the glucose tolerance test (GTT) are compared on the basis of limit values, dispersion within a reference population, and reproducibility. We suggest using the distance between a limit value and the median reference value as a measure of the magnitude of abnormality. The distance between 140 mg/100 ml and the median fasting plasma glucose value is chosen as a standard distance and limits for other points in the GTT are calculated to equal this standard distance of abnormality. We suggest that the probability of correctly interpreting an inividual result is directly related to the reproducibility of the test and inversely related to the percentage of the total range of values which is dispersed among the normal population. The ratio of reproducibility to percentage normal dispersion is proposed as an index of the probability of correctly interpreting an individual result. According to this index, the probability of correct interpretation varies in order: fasting plasma glucose concentration>3-h>2-h>0.5-h>1-h plasma glucose concentration.