大鼠大脑中动脉弹性纤维的构筑与分布

目的 研究大脑中动脉弹性纤维的构筑及分布。方法 采用Weigert染色方法显示弹性纤维，光镜观察大鼠大脑中动脉弹性纤维的构筑与分布；透射电镜观察弹性纤维的超微结构。结果 大鼠大脑中动脉的弹性纤维构成一完整的、波浪状的内弹性膜，着色均匀，中膜、外膜仅有散在的弹性纤维分布，缺乏完整的外弹性膜；电镜下可见内弹性膜规则，均质，厚度均一，边缘光滑、清晰。结论 大鼠大脑中动脉弹性纤维形成完整的内弹性膜，这可能对脑组织具有一定的保护作用。     

不同年龄大鼠大脑中动脉弹性纤维的变化

目的：观察不同年龄大鼠大脑中动脉弹性纤维的变化。方法：运用光镜，电镜和图像分析仪对不同年龄的大鼠大脑中动脉弹性纤维作了系统研究。结果：随着年龄增加，内弹性膜折叠的幅度和数量均减小，弹性纤维含量显著减少（P＜0．01），胶原纤维与弹性纤维的比值显著增加（P＜0．01），24月龄以上组内弹性膜变薄，不均质，内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞向内弹性膜穿过，内弹性膜内出现脂质，并有分层，断裂现象，结论：弹性纤维的变化皮细胞和平滑肌细胞向内弹性膜穿过，内弹性膜内出现脂质，并有分层，断裂现象。结论：弹性纤维的变化可能与年后易发生脑血管疾病有关。     

狗股动脉弹性纤维的构筑

为研究正常动脉的弹性纤维，用甲酸消化法制取动脉的弹性网，在扫描电镜下观察了８例健康狗股动脉弹性纤维的构筑。可见内弹性膜有光滑的腔面并有许多窗孔，中膜互相吻合的弹性纤维组成复杂的网状，外膜含有由大的纵行纤维及纤细的横行纤维组成的７～８层不完全的弹性膜。３层膜里所有的弹性纤维互相连接，形成连续的弹性网     

大白鼠颈总动脉内弹性膜的年龄变化

本文应用光镜、透射电镜对内弹性膜的年龄变化进行定性分析,结果发现:随增龄,内弹性膜变薄,管腔面出现放射状变性,内弹性膜断裂、复制;其内弹性纤维的周围部减少甚至消失;内皮细胞、中膜平滑肌细胞穿过内弹性膜的现象增多。     

人胚胎冠状动脉组织发生的光镜研究

本文用Van Gieson-orcein染色法对35例(第5周至第10个月)人胚胎冠状动脉的组织发生作了光镜观察.结果显示第5周心外膜内的间充质细胞形成了血管壁.第6周冠状动脉初步形成,内皮直接贴附于内弹性膜,中膜为1～2层平滑肌细胞,外弹性膜为2层弹性纤维组成,外膜厚于中膜.内皮下层第6个月可辨认出来.内弹性膜、中膜、外膜的厚度及管径均随胎龄而增加.内弹性膜厚度随胎龄呈直线上升,中膜和外膜厚度随胎龄呈指数曲线上升.内径和外径的比值在各期胎龄保持相对衡定.     

黄韧带的弹性改变和钙化

黄韧带组织成分的70%～80%为弹性纤维,因此赋予脊柱以良好的弹性.在衰老、损伤、异常含量的微量元素及遗传等因素作用下,黄韧带中出现弹性纤维变性减少,胶原纤维增多,钙盐结晶沉积,以致骨化.     

不同动物中静脉的组织学结构比较

目的:研究不同动物和人的中静脉血管组织结构。方法:取大鼠、小鼠、家兔、羊、人的中静脉与中动脉,经石蜡包埋,分别行H-E染色、地衣红染色和弹性纤维混合染色,镜下观察。结果:家兔的中静脉在3种染色下均可见在中膜与外膜间有类似中动脉外弹性膜的结构,内膜处有类似中动脉内弹性膜结构。结论:大鼠、小鼠、羊、人的中静脉血管结构较为相似,家兔与大鼠、小鼠、人、羊的中静脉结构存在一定差异。     

动脉壁的弹性纤维

弹性纤维是动脉壁的主要成分之一,它富于伸展性,能自动产生弹性张力而不消耗生化能量,在正常压力下对血管壁起支撑作用,抵抗管壁的塌陷,抵制平滑肌收缩所致的血管闭合倾向。在弹性动脉,弹性纤维的四缩力可将动脉的血流转化为常流。因此,弹性纤维与动脉的静态及动态力学性质有关。 对于动脉弹性纤维的知识有助于了解动脉的     

皮肤中弹性纤维三种染色方法的比较

弹性纤维广泛分布于纤维结缔组织 ,尤其集中分布于椎弓间黄韧带、声带、肺泡壁、动脉壁及弹性软骨等处 ,赋予所在的组织以良好的弹性。弹性纤维可被多种试剂着色 ,如地衣红、醛复红、苯胺黑、Ｓｃｈｉｆｆ试剂等染成不同的颜色。下面我们就分别用Ｇｏｍｏｒｉ醛复红染色法、Ｓｃｈｍｏｒｌ染色法 (Ｗｅｉｇｅｒｔ间苯二酚 品红染色法 )及地衣红染色法 3种染色法 ,对ＳＤ大鼠皮肤中的弹性纤维染色效果做一简单比较。1　材料和方法1 1　试剂　碱性品红、石碳酸、间苯二酚、三化铁、盐酸、聚乙醛、地衣红。1 2　实验方法1 2 1　Ｇｍｏｒｉ醛…     

胎儿静脉壁组织结构增龄性变化的定量分析

目的：探讨胎儿脐带静脉随胎龄变化的形态学改变，为临床挑选适当的血管代用品提供科学的理论依据。方法：33例新鲜脐带，常规石蜡包埋、切片、HE染组织结构，Weigert,Aniline Blue及桔黄G分染弹性纤维，胶原纤维和平滑肌，光镜观察及计算机图像分析。结果：随胎龄随长，脐静脉管径、中膜厚度、中膜弹性纤维含量逐渐增多；平滑肌含量及细胞核的数密度和面密度在37－40周最大（P＜0．05），胶原纤维则最小，因而此时段顺应性最好。结论：脐静脉管壁中各成分的含量随胎龄变化呈不等比增长，37－40周时血管顺应性最好。建议选用此时段胎龄的脐静脉作为移植材料。     

SEM observations of the elastic networks in canine femoral artery

Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the normal architectural arrangement of elastic tissue in a medium-sized muscular artery. Selective NaOH sonication digestion or formic acid digestion was used to expose and isolate the elastic networks in the femoral arteries of four healthy dogs. The digested segments were neutralized and freeze-dried before mounting for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation. The fenestrated internal elastic lamina (IEL) had a smooth surface with scattered regions of the fine elastic fibers that made up lacy networks protruding from the luminal surface. Prominent ellipsoid fenestrae, randomly scattered across the surface, were grouped into small and large sizes based on their mean diameter. The openings of most fenestrae were bridged by elastic fibers to give the fenestrae a sieve-like appearance. Large, transversely oriented, fusiform gaps were randomly scattered along the length of the IEL. These gaps, filled in by an elastic fiber network, sometimes spanned as much as a quarter of the vessel circumference. It is suggested that these gaps represent splits in the IEL that have been repaired. The tunica media contained a complex network of anastomosing elastic fibers and lamellae that were primarily circumferential in orientation. A well-defined external elastic lamina formed a solid sheet at the junction of the tunica media and the tunica adventitia. The tunica adventitia contained 8–10 incomplete lamellae of large, interconnecting, longitudinally oriented fibers. The architecture of the elastic network in canine femoral artery was compared with that previously described in medium-sized canine veins and in the rat femoral artery.     

The three-dimensional architecture of the elastic-fiber network in canine hepatic portal system

The architectural arrangement of the elastic-fiber network in the wall of canine hepatic portal veins was observed with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Selective NaOH sonication digestion and autoclaving were used to expose and isolate the networks of elastic fibers from six selected regions of the hepatic portal vessels from seven healthy dogs. Elastic stains of adjacent segments prepared for light microscopy demonstrated that the elastic fibers were concentrated in two areas within the intact portal wall. The innermost area corresponded to the internal elastic lamina (IEL) of the tunica intima, the internal muscular layer, and the connective tissue layer of the tunica media. The second area was in the tunica adventitia. SEM specimens revealed two sleeves of elastic fiber networks which corresponded to the above regions. Small scattered bundles of radially oriented elastic fibers spanned the gap between the two sleeves. Each tunica had a different architectural arrangement of elastic fibers. The IEL had circumferentially oriented fibers which branched and anastomosed to form a continuous network on the innermost surface. The architecture of the IEL was the most variable between the different regions. The network of the IEL was the most “open” in the caudal region (splenic vein) and became “denser” toward the liver. The large elastic fibers inthe tunica media were oriented at approximately right angles to the primary fibers of the IEL. These longitudinally oriented fibers anastomosed with adjacent longitudinal fibers to form a continuous network. In the tunica adventitia, thick, longitudinally oriented fibers of the continuous network fused together to form incomplete layers of fibers. The architecture of the elastic-fiber network in the canine hepatic portal vein was compared to that previously described in the systemic canine saphenous vein.     

Architecture of the caudal vena cava wall of the dog at the level of the liver caudate lobe

The vascular segment of the caudal vena cava of the dog at the level of the caudate lobe was shown to be intimately related to hepatic tissue through the hepatic capsule and parenchyma. The tunica adventitia of the caudal vena cava was formed mainly by smooth muscle cells with collagen and elastic fibers arranged in bundles. The thin tunica media of the vein was also formed by smooth muscle cells, collagen and elastic fibers arranged in bundles. The tunica intima presented an elastic subendothelial network. The hepatic segment of the caudal vena cava showed a myoconnective architecture and propulsive characteristics in terms of its hemodynamic pattern.     

Fiber arrangement of the rat splenic capsule with special reference to elastic fibers

The fiber arrangement of the rat splenic capsule was examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM) after selective removal by chemical maceration of capsule components, in conjunction with examination of thin sections using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). TEM findings were compared to those of the guinea-pig, mouse and dog. Serosal cells of the rat splenic capsule showed labyrinthic channels that consisted of expanded intercellular spaces and tunnel-like spaces or slits in the basal cytoplasm. The channels contained fascicles of collagenous fibrils, forming a loose net on an underlying elastic lamina of densely aggregated elastic fibers. The fibrous tunica was an intermingled layer of elastic and collagenous fibers and sparse interstitial cells. The fibrous components were arranged more densely in the external layer than in the internal layer of the capsule. The elastic lamina comprised the outermost layer of the fibrous tunica in the intertrabecular region, but was situated deep in the trabecular region. Outward branches of the lamina in the trabecular region were arranged in a spiral. Intrachannel fibrillar fascicles were continuous, via fenestrations in the elastic lamina, with thick fascicles of collagenous fibers. The elastic lamina may play a role in effective contraction of whole spleen. In the guinea-pig, mouse and dog, elastic fibers were fragmented and not arranged in laminae. Typical smooth muscle cells were abundant in the dog. The channel spaces in the serosal tunica are discussed from the viewpoint of extravascular lymphatic flow for circulation of the peritoneal serous fluid.     

The fine structure of the arteriovenous anastomosis and its nerve supply in the human nasal respiratory mucosa

The fine structure of the arteriovenous anastomosis was investigated in the normal human nasal mucosa. The tissues were fixed in 2% osmic acid solution, embedded in Epon and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate solutions. It was found that the endothelial basement membrane of the arterial segment of the anastomosis was discontinuous. The anastomosing artery possessed subendothelial cushions of longitudinal smooth musculature which expanded into a thick uniform layer before the artery joined the vein. The fine morphology of these muscle cells did not show epitheloid modification. An elastic membrane of a peculiar structure separated the subendothelial musculature from that of the tunica media. The membrane was continuous with the internal elastic membrane of the proximal artery and with the adventitial elastic mesh of the vein. The anastomosis was supplied by a non-myelinated periarterial nerve plexus which contained cholinergic and adrenergic axons characterized by agranular and fine granular vesicles respectively. The wall of the vein was devoid of musculature and nerves. It mainly consisted of elastic meshes interspersed with bundles of collagen fibers and occasional fibrocytes. It was suggested that the musculature of the tunica media of the artery was controlled by the cholinergic and adrenergic nerves of the autonomic system, and by the sensory nerves in the form of axons reflexes. The subendothelial musculature was controlled by agents carried in blood and was not influenced by the adventitial nerves.     

Immunohistochemical evidence of the extracellular localization of calcium-activated neutral protease (CANP) in rabbit skeletal muscle, lung and aorta

The subcellular localization of calcium-activated neutral protease requiring a millimolar calcium concentration (m-CANP) was examined by light and electron microscopy in various tissues of the rabbit, using an immunoperoxidase method with a monoclonal antibody (1C6D1). In skeletal muscles, specific staining for m-CANP was recognized on collagen fibrils (ca 40 nm in diameter) with a periodic banding pattern. In the lung, dense reaction products were precipitated on elastic fibers under the bronchial epithelia. In the aorta, tunica intima and adventitia were intensely stained. Dense reaction products were observed on collagen fibrils and elastic fibers. Basal laminae, on the other hand, were not stained by anti m-CANP antibody in these tissues. These findings suggest that m-CANP may be involved in the regulation of the structure and function of the extracellular matrix.     

成年大鼠心肌Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原蛋白的共表达

目的 探讨成年大鼠心肌中Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原蛋白的组织学构筑及比例关系.方法 采用免疫组织化学、免疫荧光双标记和Western blotting等方法,观察10只成年大鼠心肌Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原的构筑特点;利用图像分析系统对Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原进行定量分析.结果 Ⅰ型胶原主要表达在心肌细胞群周围和血管外膜,多形成粗纤维,Ⅲ型胶原主要表达于每个心肌细胞周围和血管外膜,主要构成细纤维.免疫荧光双标记显示,粗、细两种胶原纤维均含有Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原蛋白.心肌Ⅲ型胶原总含量略高于Ⅰ型胶原.结论 由粗细胶原纤维构成的心肌胶原网络是由Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型胶原蛋白共同构成,任何一种蛋白改变都可能影响心肌间质的功能.     

Overexpression of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase in smooth muscle cells leads to an abnormal structure of the aortic elastic laminas

Elevated semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) activity has been observed in several human conditions, eg, diabetes, and it has been speculated that SSAO contributes to the development of vasculopathies associated with this disease. To investigate in vivo consequences of elevated expression of SSAO in vascular tissues, we have developed a transgenic model for overexpression of human SSAO in mice. A smooth muscle-specific promoter, smooth muscle alpha-actin promoter 8 (SMP8) was used. Transgenic expression of human SSAO in tissues with a high content of smooth muscle cells was confirmed by Northern blot analysis. Enzymatic analysis of homogenates from transgenic tissues showed elevated levels of SSAO activity compared to non-transgenic littermates. Furthermore, when plasma SSAO activity was analyzed, much higher activity was detected compared to plasma from control mice, indicating that plasma SSAO may originate from smooth muscle cells. Histopathological evaluation of aorta and renal artery from transgenic mice revealed an abnormal structure of the elastin tissue. Instead of the regularly folded elastic laminae normally found in tunica media of sacrificed mice, the elastic laminae were straight and unfolded with irregularly arranged elastic fibers, forming tangled webs, between the intercalating elastic laminae. These alterations of the elastin structures suggest that overexpression of SSAO has led to a reduced elasticity of the arteries. Moreover, the mean femoral arterial pressure of the SMP8 SSAO transgenic mice was significantly lower in comparison to non-transgenic littermates. This suggests that the transgenic mice have a defect in their ability to regulate blood pressure.