水中微量铁锰萃取火焰原子吸收法测定

本文采用吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸胺（APDC）与二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠（DDTC）混合物作螯合剂、甲基异丁酮（MIBK）与二甲苯的混合物作萃取剂，将铁、锰反萃取到水相中，用火焰原子吸收法测定水中微量铁和锰。     

水中微量铜和锌的螯合萃取火焰原子吸收测定法

火焰原子吸收法测定水中微量金属元素用直接法难以测定,因此需将待测元素预先浓缩分离.浓缩分离的方法很多,但都因各自有一定的局限性而未能广泛应用.笔者采用吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸胺（APDC）与二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠（DDTC）混合物做螯合剂 ,甲基异丁酮（MIBK）与二甲苯的混合物做萃取剂,继而改为将待测元素反萃取到水相中,用火焰原子吸收法测定水中微量铜和锌.     

络合捕集-火焰原子吸收法测定矿泉水中微量铁、铜、锰、锌、镉

目的 建立用1-[2-吡啶偶氮]-2萘酚(PAN)测定矿泉水中微量铁、铜、锰、锌、镉的火焰原子吸收分析方法。方法 采用PAN作为微量铁、铜、锰、锌、镉的捕集剂及沉淀剂，运用三氯甲烷溶解，硝酸反萃取，火焰原子吸收光谱法测定。结果 最低检测浓度分别为0．16、0．10、0．080、0．033、0．058μg／ml；线性范围分别为0．00～1．0、0．00～0．50、0．00～0．50、0．00～0．25、0．00～0．25μg／ml；测定样品中五种金属离子的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为2．7％、1．9％、4．7％、3．2％、3．6％；样品加标回收率分别为94．5％～96．0％、92．0％～101．3％、95．5％～105．0％、94．0％～105．0％、97．5％～102．3％。结论 矿泉水中微量铁、铜、锰、锌、镉用PAN富集浓缩后，可以用原子吸收光谱法测定，灵敏度、准确度均达到分析要求。     

DDTC-MIBK萃取-火焰原子吸收法测定尿中锰

尿锰是慢性锰中毒诊断的重要指标之一，国家职业卫生标准《职业性慢性锰中毒诊断标准》（GBZ3—2002）中附录B推荐尿锰的测定方法为高碘酸钾集锰法（以下简称标准法），并表述现有的生物材料中锰的测定方法尚不够理想。该法确存在操作繁琐、费时，需样量大，灵敏度、精密度不够理想等缺憾。根据铅在一定pH条件下能与DDTC形成络合物，经MIBK萃取分离，以火焰原子吸收光谱法测定，而锰也有类似性质的特性，经反复实验找出最佳测定条件，建立了尿锰测定的DDTC—MIBK萃取-火焰原子吸收法（以下简称本法），具有操作较简便，重现性、回收率均较好，灵敏度大大提高的特点，应用于工作实践，取得满意结果。     

微波高压消解—火焰AAS法测定食品中钙、铁、镁、锰、锌、铜等元素

微波高压消解—火焰ＡＡＳ法测定食品中钙、铁、镁、锰、锌、铜等元素王永芳韩宏伟赵馨（卫生部食品卫生监督检验所，北京１０００２１）本文利用微波高压消解技术对奶粉、大米、茶叶、果汁及酒等样品进行了试验，并采用火焰原子吸收法测定了钙、铁、镁、锌、锰等元素。通...     

火焰原子吸收法测定白酒中微量锰

用火焰原子吸收法测定白酒中微量锰，回收率９９．０％～１０２．５％，变异系数０．７％～１．８％。     

加热浓缩富集—火焰原子吸收测定饮水铜锌铁锰镉

加热浓缩富集火焰原子吸收测定饮水铜锌铁锰镉呼和浩特铁路局中心卫生防疫站（０１００５０）肖枫检测饮水中金属离子常用原子吸收法，但其灵敏度较差，测定含量低的金属元素往往需要进行必要的预富集后方可测定。目前常用的富集方法有共沉淀、离子交换、溶剂萃取等，这...     

富集分离火焰原子吸收光谱法测定食盐中铜锌镉铁

目的建立食盐中铜、锌、镉、铁的原子吸收分析方法。方法食用盐用少量硝酸消化后溶于水中，用1-[2-吡啶偶氮]-2萘酚（PAN）分离富集铜、锌、镉、铁，三氯甲烷萃取，硝酸反萃取，原子吸收光谱法测定。结果检出限分别为0．030、0．010、0、017、0．20μg／g；线性范围均为0．00～0．6μg；测定样品中四种金属离子的相对标准偏差（RSD）分别为0.97％～2.67％、3．06％～4．17％、0．73％～1.01％、1．09％～2．7％；四种样品加标回收率平均为93.0％、110．0％、105．5％、96．6％。结论食盐中微量铜、锌、镉、铁用PAN富集分离后，用原子吸收光谱法测定，灵敏度、准确度均达到分析要求。     

放射性作业人员血清中某些元素水平的分析

用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定放射性作业人员血清中铜、锌、铁、用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定血清中锰，并和无射线接触史正常组作对照，把测得结果进行统计检验。     

溶剂萃取氧化亚氮－乙炔火焰原子吸收法测定水中痕量铝

溶剂萃取氧化亚氮－乙炔火焰原子吸收法测定水中痕量铝张晓光，李红，张潮常用测铝方法有分光光度法、石墨炉法、空气－乙炔火焰法等，这些方法操作繁琐，灵敏度低，石墨炉法氯化物容易升华（１）。我们采用铝与８－羟基喹啉螯合、ＭＩＢＫ萃取，氧化亚氮－乙炔火焰原子吸...     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.