边缘癫痫实验模型海马内突触体素表达

目的探讨癫痫时突触体素(P^38)在海马表达的时间变化及意义。方法建立匹罗卡品边缘癫痫模型，用图像分析系统测定海马不同时间点P^38免疫反应吸光度值。结果P^38免疫反应性在海马呈现两次高峰：致痫后3～6h在海马门区及CA3区P^38短期升高，30～60dCA3区呈现第2次高峰。在内分子层，从第7天开始直至第60天P^38呈进行性增多，且与Neo—Timm染色结果相平行。结论P^38在海马第2次表达增高，平行于苔藓纤维出芽，与自发性发作形成有关。急性期表达增高则与癫痫持续状态的产生与维持有关。     

癫痫发作大鼠海马神经元凋亡与caspase-3 mRNA表达的研究

目的 :研究癫大鼠海马神经元凋亡与caspase 3mRNA表达的关系。方法 :采用大鼠红藻氨酸 (KA)致模型 ,以原位末端标记 (TUNEL)检测癫后不同时间海马神经元凋亡 ;RT PCR检测caspase 3mRNA的表达。结果 :KA致后 1d ,海马CA1、CA3及CA4区开始出现凋亡细胞 ,3d时明显增多 ,7d时最多。KA致后 6h ,海马组织caspase 3mRNA表达显著增高 ,1、3、7d仍持续高水平表达。结论 :癫大鼠海马神经元凋亡与caspase 3mRNA的表达密切相关 ,caspase 3在神经元凋亡过程中起着重要的作用     

癫痫大鼠海马中神经肽Y表达的动态观察及其作用探讨

目的　探讨癫痫大鼠海马中神经肽 Y( NPY)表达的动态变化及其作用 ,以及外源性 NPY对癫痫的影响。方法　将 SD大鼠随机分为 4组 ,采用匹鲁卡品 ( PILO)癫痫动物模型及外源性 NPY侧脑室注入干预法 ,并以免疫组织化学染色观察 NPY的表达。结果　癫痫模型组 PILO注射后 ,门区、CA3区、CA1 区的 NPY阳性细胞数表达增多 ,1 2 h达高峰 ,以后逐渐下降 ,60 d又达一高峰 ;海马颗粒细胞层有 NPY异位表达 ,3 d时最明显 ;NPY干预组门区 NPY阳性细胞数较其对照组表达少。结论　 ( 1 )癫痫发作后急性期海马 NPY表达增多及颗粒细胞层出现异位表达 ,与癫痫发作有关 ;( 2 )外源性 NPY有抗癫痫作用。     

Overview of the Current Animal Models for Human Seizure and Epileptic Disorders

A diversity of animal models are available for the study of epilepsy and these models have a proven history in advancing our understanding of basic mechanisms underlying epileptogenesis and have been instrumental in the screening of novel antiepileptic drugs. This review addresses the criteria that should be met in a valid animal model and provides an overview of current animal models that are relevant to human conditions. In addition, models not specific for any one human condition but rather exhibiting partial or generalized seizures are discussed. While most human disorders are without any animal model, those models that are clinically relevant have strengths and weaknesses. Finally, although few relevant, well-characterized animal models have been added to the list over recent years, major advancements in molecular genetics are contributing to the discovery of novel pathways involved in epileptogenesis.     

The Effect of Phenobarbital on the Multiple Neuronal Activity in the Hippocampus of El Mice

Abstract: Phenobarbital (PB) (5, 25 and 50 mg/kg), which was administered intraperitoneally to evaluate the effect of it on El mice, inhibited convulsive seizures dose-dependently. On the other hand, microelectrodes were implanted continually into the hippocampus of El mice, after which changes in the neuronal activity caused by a seizure were studied, as well as the effect of PB (5, 25 and 50 mg/kg) on the neuronal activity. The neuronal activity increased during the convulsive seizure when compared to the neuronal activity as the mice moved about freely. Further, after the convulsive seizure, five or six groups of bursts were seen periodically. PB reduced the neuronal activity dose-dependently judging by the number of bursts in the initial group of bursts.     

Prognosis of Partial Epileptic Seizures in the Adolescent

Actuarial analysis was applied to the notes of 235 patients having a partial seizure for the first time between the ages of 12 and 18 years to establish the best predictive indicators of outcome. Among the factors considered to affect significantly the outcome were the seizure type (elementary or complex symptomatology), the initial EEG, the seizure frequency, the etiological factors, and an association with generalized seizures. Sex, age of onset, and topography of EEG paroxysmal abnormalities had no significance. An algorithm allows the prediction of the prognosis of these seizures at two different times immediately after a first seizure in some cases and after a 1-year survey in others.     

活化素A对致痫小鼠行为、脑电及海马神经元损伤的影响

目的观察重组人活化素A(rhACT)对匹鲁卡品(PC)致癎小鼠行为、脑电及海马神经元损伤的影响.方法利用脑立体定位手段将rhACT注入侧脑室,1 h后腹腔注射PC.采用发作程度评分、脑电记录观察rhACT对癫癎发作与放电的影响;利用尼氏染色及组织原位凋亡检测观察rhACT对注射PC后24及48h海马神经元损伤的影响.结果预先脑室注射rhACT后PC诱导的癫癎发作显著减轻,癎样放电明显受抑制;24及48h海马神经元未见明显损害.结论rhACT可能有抗K诱导的癫癎发作及保护海马神经元的作用.     

Prolonged Psychic Epileptic Seizures: A Study of the Absence Status

Long-lived epileptic seizures associated with spike-and-wave complexes are presently considered to be the absence status, i.e., the generalized nonconvulsive status. EEG radiotelemetry allowed us to record three prolonged seizures of 3 epileptic patients. Clinical manifestations included selective rather than global impairment of higher cortical functions. Clinical impairment appeared only when patients were in a state of activity and if those altered functions were used. EEG abnormalities were diffuse, but among them spike-and-wave complexes were never diffuse. It was impossible to establish close electroclinical correlation. However, the clinical and electrical evolution was roughly isomorphic, i.e., cyclic. Major clinical manifestations were associated with spikes rather than with slow waves. Lastly, patients showed common ictal psychopathological symptoms. The problem of classifying such seizures in either the generalized or partial status is discussed. The role of selective impairment of mental functions in psychopathological symptoms is also dealth with.     

Epileptic Seizures in the 4p- Syndrome: Report of Two Cases

Abstract: We report ictal phenomena in two patients with the 4p – syndrome captured on simultaneous video-EEG monitor. One patient, diagnosed as having partial epilepsy, had complex partial seizures and hemiconvulsive status epilepticus. This was associated with more severe mental retardation. The second patient was diagnosed as having the West syndrome and exhibited tonic spasms with a cluster formation. We conclude that various types of epileptic seizures may occur in patients with the 4p - syndrome, including grand mal and myoclonic seizures.     

A Tautology in the Classification of Generalized Non-Convulsive Epileptic Seizures

Five patients with the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome who have shown generalized non-convulsive seizures were presented. The seizure manifestations which occurred spontaneously were documented by simultaneous recording and analyzed in terms of clinical and electroencephalographic correlates. According to the diagnostic criteria of the International Classification,² it was possible, on the one hand, to regard them as "atypical complex absences" in which the impairment of consciousness is accompanied by other symptoms, which tend to dominate the clinical picture. They were: hypotonic, hepertonic, myoclonic and akinetic components, respectively.
On the other hand, if we give a special weight to the accompanying symptoms, it is entirely possible that they are at the same time diagnosed atonic, axial tonic, bilateral myoclonic and akinetic seizures. The initial impairment of consciousness is common to all the seizure manifestations, and the ictal and interictal EEG expressions are not of diagnostic significance.
A question arises as to whether two different nomenclatures were arbitrarily given to a unique ictal manifestation or not as far as the generalized non-convulsive seizures were concerned.