胫腓骨骨折石膏固定与外固定架固定疗效比较

目的：探讨直视下复位加石膏外固定与外固定架固定治疗胫腓骨骨折的疗效。方法：７６例胫腓骨骨折均行直视下复位,简单内固定,以后分２组,１组３９例行石膏外固定,另１组３７例行外固定架固定,从骨折愈合时间,并发症２个方面进行比较分析。结果：石膏外固定组仅有２例术后存有膝关节功能障碍和１例骨不愈合,它的骨折愈合时间短。结论;直视下复位石膏外固定治疗胫腓骨骨折个有简单可靠,骨折愈合快,并发症少等优点。     

外固定支架在严重多发伤并胫腓骨开放性骨折中应用的病例对照研究

目的：探讨早期外固定架固定开放性胫腓骨骨折对严重多发伤患者治疗和预后的影响。方法：采用回顾性对比分析，73例严重多发伤（ISS〉16分）患者按胫腓骨骨折手术方法不同分2组。治疗组42例，男31例，女11例；平均年龄40．2岁；均急诊行清创、骨折复位外固定支架固定术。对照组31例，男22例，女9例；平均年龄42．6岁；均急诊行清创、跟骨牵引术或石膏外固定术。比较两组患者急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）、多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS）发生情况及病死率、小腿创面感染率、创面及骨折愈合时间。结果：两组的并发症（ARDS）发生率差异有统计学意义，行外固定架治疗组低于对照组（P〈0．05），治疗组感染率明显低（P〈0．05），创面愈合时间明显短。结论：外固定架治疗严重多发伤并胫腓骨开放性骨折，明显减少并发症发生率，降低创面感染率。     

AO外固定架治疗胫腓骨开放性粉碎性骨折

目的 探讨AO外固定架治疗胫腓骨开放性粉碎性骨折的优越性及并发症的防治。方法 利用AO外固定架治疗胫腓骨开放性粉碎性骨折63例，按Gustilo分型：Ⅰ型11例，Ⅱ型29例，ⅢA型13例，ⅢB型8例，ⅢC型2例。结果 随诊4个月-4年，平均19个月，4例发生浅表感染，感染率为6．33％，63例均达骨性愈合。骨折愈合时间为4～12个月，平均7．1个月。临床疗效满意。结论 应用AO外固定架治疗胫腓骨开放性粉碎性骨折手术创伤小，操作方便，符合外固定原则，可早期进行功能锻炼，有利于骨折愈合和肢体功能恢复。     

全程使用与分阶段使用外固定架和石膏外固定治疗胫腓骨开放性骨折疗效比较

目的　探讨分阶段使用单侧多功能外固定架 (UMEFA )和石膏外固定治疗胫腓骨开放性骨折的疗效。方法　 89例胫腓骨开放性骨折经清创、骨折复位后均予以UMEFA外固定。然后 ,将其分 2组。A组 5 3例为全程骨外固定组 ,其中 8例因并发症较严重 ,中途拆除外固定架 ,其余 45例外固定维持至骨折愈合。B组 36例为临时骨外固定组 ,伤口愈合、肿胀消退、骨折纤维连接时拆除外固定架 ,改用长腿管状石膏外固定。结果　B组并发症的发生率为 8% ,显著低于A组40 % ( P <0 .0 1)。B组患者骨折愈合的平均时间为 2 13.6d ,显著低于A组 2 68.4d( P <0 .0 5 )。B组患者骨折愈合的优良率为 83% ,显著高于A组 60 % (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　分阶段使用外固定架和石膏外固定治疗胫腓骨开放性骨折 ,具有治疗效果好、骨折愈合快、并发症少等优点。     

外固定架在地震致重度胫腓骨开放性骨折早期处理中的应用

目的 评估外固定架应用于地震伤致重度胫腓骨开放性骨折的早期治疗效果.方法 2008年5月12至17日收治83例(116侧)地震伤致胫腓骨开放性骨折伤员(均为Gustilo Ⅲ度开放性骨折),均采用积极清创结合外固定架治疗,主要评估指标包括深部感染的发生、截肢及伤口愈合情况.结果 83例(116侧骨折)伤员获18-23d随访.9侧Ⅲc型骨折术后出现肢体缺血坏死而行截肢术,1侧Ⅲb型骨折因肢体感染坏死合并脓毒败血症而行截肢术.20侧肢体出现深部感染,经反复创口清创、扩创后感染得到控制.伤口一期愈合52侧,二期愈合54侧(包括使用皮瓣、肌瓣、肌皮瓣转移及植皮术等治疗).结论 地震伤致重度胫腓骨开放性骨折的早期治疗中,应用外固定架固定可作为一种有效的治疗手段.     

胫骨外固定支架结合腓骨1/3管型钢板治疗Ⅲ型胫腓骨中下段开放性骨折

目的探讨胫骨外固定支架结合腓骨1/3管型钢板治疗Ⅲ型胫腓骨中下段开放性骨折的疗效。方法2000年2月～2004年8月应用胫骨外固定支架结合腓骨1/3管型钢板治疗Ⅲ型胫腓骨中下段开放性骨折18例;Gustilo分类Ⅲa型8例,Ⅲb型7例,Ⅲc型3例。术后早期功能锻炼,定期复查,后期外固定支架改为弹性固定,有明确骨性愈合后拆除。结果所有患者随访4～50个月,平均15个月。平均愈合时间6.9个月。术后并发症:1例患者保肢成功后最终截肢,2例外固定架钉道后期感染,1例钉道后期感染伴松动,无畸形愈合及感染发生。结论外固定支架具有操作简单、创伤小、后期可调整等优点,结合腓骨1/3管型钢板固定,既能增加固定强度,减少并发症,又可弥补外固定架固定的缺点,符合现代微创理念;是治疗Ⅲ型胫腓骨中下段开放性骨折的有效方法之一。     

一期外固定结合二期微创内固定治疗开放性胫腓骨骨折

目的探讨一期外固定架固定结合二期微创内固定治疗胫腓骨开放性骨折的方法,评价其疗效。方法对开放性骨折62例一期采用清创后外固定架固定,待软组织创面恢复后二期采用微创切口内固定治疗。结果 62例均获随访,2例骨折延迟愈合,二期植骨后愈合。按照Johner-Wruhs标准评估:优51例,良7例,可4例。结论开放性胫腓骨骨折采用一期外固定架固定结合二期内微创内固定治疗,能降低感染率,减少损伤及出血,骨折愈合快,并发症少,临床疗效满意。     

单侧三维多功能外固定架治疗胫腓骨开放粉碎性骨折

目的探讨三维多功能外固定架治疗胫腓骨开放性粉碎性骨折的优势及并发症防治.方法利用单侧三维多功能外固定架治疗胫腓骨开放粉碎性骨折60例.按Gustilo分型:Ⅰ型9例,Ⅱ型26例,ⅢA 16例,ⅢB 9例.结果随访时间6～24个月,平均12个月,4例皮下感染,60例均达骨性愈合,无一例骨不连及再次骨折发生.结论应用外固定架治疗胫腓骨开放性粉碎性骨折创伤小,感染率低,应力遮挡小,骨折愈合快.     

高原地区不稳定性胫腓骨骨折的治疗

目的 提高治疗高原地区不稳定性胫腓骨骨折的疗效。方法 对高原地区60例不稳定性胫腓骨骨折的治疗进行回顾性研究。根据骨折类型，分别采取石膏或外固定架外固定、钢板螺钉或交锁髓内钉内固定等治疗。结果 随访54例，时间9—30个月，平均17．6个月。骨折均愈合，愈合时间3—6个月，平均4．1个月。开放性骨折术后伤口均一期愈合。54例中49例患肢功能恢复良好，5例出现膝关节僵硬。结论 高原地区胫腓骨骨折愈合有其自身的特点，特别对于开放性骨折，进行一期清创及内固定的时限可较平原地区明显延长。     

Ⅲ度开放性胫腓骨骨折外固定治疗策略

目的：探讨Ⅲ度胫腓骨开放性骨折早期的处理方法与技巧,总结外固定支架治疗、稳定骨折端的临床效果。方法：早期采用外固定支架治疗Ⅲ度胫腓骨开放性骨折120例,男86例,女34例;年龄18～67岁,平均36.8岁。结果：120例中111例优良,或通过Ⅱ、Ⅲ期手术,软组织修复及骨折愈合良好;1例患者因感染、骨折复位不良,骨折不愈合;8例Ⅱ期截肢。结论：对于Ⅲ度胫腓骨开放性骨折早期以外固定支架为主的治疗是一种理想的方法,术中良好的骨折复位、简单的内固定合并外固定支架为主的治疗,有利于日后软组织的修复及骨折愈合。     

Management of hip fractures in the elderly

A fracture of the proximal femur (or hip fracture) is a devastating injury to an elderly patient. Nearly all patients require surgery as part of their treatment but their care necessitates complex multidisciplinary involvement. In the last few years there have been a number of initiatives to help improve care for this challenging patient group, as well as establishment of National Hip Fracture Databases, to allow us to audit the care provided. With this focus we have seen both mortality and length of stay decrease. The aim of this article is to summarize the current recommendations for patients who suffer a hip fracture.     

Management of hip fractures in the elderly

A fracture of the proximal femur (or hip fracture) is a devastating injury to an elderly patient. Nearly all patients require surgery as part of their treatment but their care necessitates complex multidisciplinary involvement. In the last ten years there have been a number of initiatives to help improve care for this challenging patient group, as well as establishment of The National Hip Fracture Database, to allow us to audit the care provided. With this focus, we have seen both mortality and length of stay decrease. The aim of this article is to summarize the current recommendations for patients who suffer a hip fracture.     

Fracture of the talus

Summary A total of 218 talar injuries were studied with particular attention to the nature and extent of associated injuries. In 96 patients (44%) there was a fracture of one of the neighbouring bones, viz. 59 fractures of the ankle, 27 of the calcaneum, and 11 of the navicular. Talar injury, ankle fracture, and calcaneal fracture co-existed in 7 patients. Among the cases complicated by ankle fractures 15 were open (25%) and many affected the trochlea (37%). Thirty-six (61%) of the ankle fractures associated with talar injuries were of the supination type, 8 of the pronation type, 5 of the pronation-external rotation type, and 2 of the supination-external rotation type. Of the talar injuries occurring in a supinated foot about half were shearing fractures of the talar neck. Of the 27 calcaneal fractures 11 were compression fractures with depression of the joint surface, whereas the others were non-displaced shearing fractures or avulsion fractures. It is concluded that as a rule the talar injury is not isolated, but associated with a more extensive regional injury and that a supination force is the decisive factor causing a talar injury.

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Résumé Les auteurs ont étudié 218 traumatismes de l'astragale en tenant particulièrement compte de la nature et de l'étendue des lésions associées. Chez 96 blessés (44%), il existait une fracture d'un os voisin, à savoir: 59 fractures du cou-de-pied, 27 du calcanéum et 11 du scaphoïde tarsien. Sept fois, la lésion astragalienne était associée à une fracture du cou-de-pied et du calcanéum. Parmi les cas compliqués de fractures bimalléolaires, 15 étaient ouverts (25%) et plusieurs (37%) siégeaient au niveau de la poulie astragalienne.Trente-six (61%) des lésions associées du cou-de-pied étaient des fractures par supination, 5 étaient des fractures par pronation et 2 par supination-rotation externe. La moitié environ des traumatismes astragaliens survenus sur un pied en supination étaient des fractures par cisaillement du col de l'astragale. Parmi les 27 fractures du calcanéum, 11 étaient des fractures par compression, avec enfoncement thalamique, tandis que les autres étaient des fractures sans déplacement, par cisaillement, ou des fractures par avulsion.Les auteurs concluent qu'en règle un traumatisme de l'astragale n'est pas isolé mais associé à des lésions régionales plus étendues et qu'une force s'exerçant en supination constitue le facteur déterminant des lésions traumatiques de l'astragale.

     

严重Pilon骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨严重Pilon骨折的不同手术方法、手术时机及治疗效果。方法对1999年5月至2006年6月间46例严重Pilon骨折分别采用有限内固定、有限内固定结合外支架固定及三叶草钢板内固定等方法进行手术治疗。按AO分类方式，所有患者均为C型，C1型10例，C2型22例，C3型14例。开放性骨折11例。闭合性骨折35例。结果所有患者术后均获得8～48个月的随访，平均20个月。踝关节功能按Mazur评价，优21例，良12例，可8例，差5例。主要并发症包括2例皮肤坏死，2例皮肤软组织感染，1例骨感染。5例钉道感染。结论 严重Pilon骨折根据不同的骨折类型、软组织损伤程度及医疗条件选择不同的手术方式和手术时机，均可取得良好的治疗效果。     

Trochanteric and Subtrochanteric Fractures: One Year Follow-up of a Prospective Study of Ender and McLaughlin Osteosynthesis

The clinical and social status of 110 patients with trochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures was evaluated in a prospective and comparative study 1 year after Ender or McLaughlin osteosynthesis.

In both groups the mortality rate during the first year was 21 per cent. There were no significant differences between the two groups concerning pain, hip movement, walking ability or the social status of the patients. Of the 110 patients surviving the first year, 35 per cent were unable to walk, 20 per cent walked with a cane or crutches and 30 per cent had periodic pains in the hip or knee. About 20 per cent of the patients admitted from their own home now lived in nursing homes.     

Decision-making in burst fractures of the thoracolumbar and lumbar spine

The most common site of injury to the spine is the thoracolumbar junction which is the mechanical transition junction between the rigid thoracic and the more flexible lumbar spine. The lumbar spine is another site which is more prone to injury. Absence of stabilizing articulations with the ribs, lordotic posture and more sagitally oriented facet joints are the most obvious explanations. Burst fractures of the spine account for 14% of all spinal injuries. Though common, thoracolumbar and lumbar burst fractures present a number of important treatment challenges. There has been substantial controversy related to the indications for nonoperative or operative management of these fractures. Disagreement also exists regarding the choice of the surgical approach. A large number of thoracolumbar and lumbar fractures can be treated conservatively while some fractures require surgery. Selecting an appropriate surgical option requires an in-depth understanding of the different methods of decompression, stabilization and/or fusion. Anterior surgery has the advantage of the greatest degree of canal decompression and offers the benefit of limiting the number of motion segments fused. These advantages come at the added cost of increased time for the surgery and the related morbidity of the surgical approach. Posterior surgery enjoys the advantage of being more familiar to the operating surgeons and can be an effective approach. However, the limitations of this approach include inadequate decompression, recurrence of the deformity and implant failure. Though many of the principles are the same, the treatment of low lumbar burst fractures requires some additional consideration due to the difficulty of approaching this region anteriorly. Avoiding complications of these surgeries are another important aspect and can be achieved by following an algorithmic approach to patient assessment, proper radiological examination and precision in decision-making regarding management. A detailed understanding of the mechanism of injury and their unique biomechanical propensities following various forms of treatment can help the spinal surgeon manage such patients effectively and prevent devastating complications.     

Unusual combined scaphoid and lunate fracture of the wrist: a case report

All perilunate fracture-dislocations combine ligament ruptures, bone avulsions, and fractures in a variety of clinical forms. The most frequent is the dorsal trans-scaphoid perilunate dislocation. In rare cases, however, these dislocations also have been associated with capitate fractures, triquetral fractures, or lunate fracture. We report a combined scaphoid and lunate fracture of the wrist that was not associated with perilunate dislocation.     

Fractures of the thumb and finger metacarpals in athletes

Most metacarpal fractures are minimally displaced and are treated without surgery. Markedly displaced fractures, fractures causing finger rotation, and displaced intra-articular fractures require surgical intervention. The challenge with the elite athlete is achieving an early return to play without compromising fracture position. Casts, splints, and surgery each have a role in getting the athlete back into action as soon as possible.