新型交锁髓内钉治疗肱骨骨折

目的：设计出新型交锁髓内钉用于治疗肱骨骨折,方法：通过总结顺行及逆行肱骨交锁髓内钉及国人肱骨特点,设计出新型通用肱骨交锁髓内钉用于临床治疗肱骨骨折12例,结果：12例手术均获得成功,骨折全部愈合,肩－肘关节功能恢复正常,疼痛减轻或消失。结论：新型交锁髓内钉可应用于各型肱同骨折,尤其是多段,粉碎性肱骨骨折,骨不连和病理性骨折的治疗。     

非扩髓型胫骨内锁髓内钉临床应用初步报告

作者在胫骨解剖测量的基础上设计出非扩髓型骨内锁髓内打，临床应用１０例取得了满意的初步效果，作者认为非扩髓型内锁髓内钉手术不需开放，方法简单，骨折固定后抗旋转能力强，病人可早期地活动，减少卧床时间，关节功能影响小，非扩髓型胫骨骨髓内钉不需扩髓，对髓内的血供影响小，可应用于Ⅰ，Ⅱ型开放性骨折，并对其手术时机，适应证以及在开放性骨折和节段骨折的应用等方面时行了讨论。     

非扩髓交锁髓内钉内固定治疗肱骨干骨折39例

目的 评价非扩髓交锁髓内钉内固定治疗肱骨干骨折的疗效.方法 笔者采用非扩髓交锁髓内钉内固定治疗肱骨干骨折39例,骨折按AO分型,A型21例,B型14例,C型4例.结果 36例获得随访,随访时间5～26个月.骨折全部愈合,平均愈合时间5.3个月.本组无伤口感染、继发桡神经损伤、髓内钉断裂,以及肱骨远端骨折等并发症.肩关节功能评估按Neer评分,优28例,良6例,可2例.结论 非扩髓交锁髓内钉是治疗肱骨干骨折的一种有效内固定方法.     

复杂开放性胫骨骨折的治疗

目的 探讨复杂开放性胫骨骨折的治疗方法以提高其临床疗效。方法 将50例Ⅲ度开放胫骨骨折按Gustilo分类法分成3型；其中ⅢA型25例，ⅢB型15例，ⅢC型10例。分别行跟骨牵引并夹板外固定，外固定支架固定，手术切开不扩髓交锁髓内钉内固定。采用Johner—wrhn评分标准评估治疗结果。结果 本组优良率为68％(34／50)，跟骨牵引并夹板优良率为25％，外固定支架优良率为53．84％，手术切开复位。不扩髓交锁髓内钉固定组优良率最高。不扩髓交锁髓内钉I期无张力闭合伤口病人伤口感染率无明显差异，I期闭合伤口感染率低于Ⅱ期。结论 对复杂胫骨开放性骨折病人，应视其全身情况及局部软组织条件选择治疗方法，手术复位不扩髓交锁髓内钉固定同时I期无张力闭合伤口疗效最佳。     

非扩髓型胫骨内锁髓内钉临床应用初步报告

作者在胫骨解剖测量的基础上设计出非扩髓型胫骨内锁髓内钉,临床应用10例取得了满意的初步效果,作者认为非扩髓型内锁髓内钉手术不需开放,方法简单,骨折固定后抗旋转能力强,病人可早期下地活动,减少卧床时间,关节功能影响小,非扩髓型胫骨髓内钉不需扩髓,对髓内的血供影响小,可应用于Ⅰ、Ⅱ型开放性骨折,并对其手术时机、适应证以及在开放性骨折和节段性骨折的应用等方面时行了讨论.     

扩髓型髓内钉内固定治疗肱骨干骨折神经损伤的原因分析

目的探讨扩髓型肱骨髓内钉内固定肱骨骨折术中损伤神经的原因,寻找避免神经损伤的方法。方法对42例肱骨干骨折13例行闭合复位顺行扩髓型肱骨髓内钉固定,29例行钢板内固定和非扩髓型髓内钉内固定。结果顺行扩髓型肱骨髓内钉内固定肱骨干骨折13例患者,3例出现医源性神经损伤,损伤率23.1%,术后3个月内均恢复正常。结论闭合复位顺行扩髓型肱骨髓内钉内固定肱骨干骨折,术中易损伤神经,手术风险较大。     

分叉带锁髓内钉治疗肱骨干骨折临床疗效分析

目的：探讨分叉带锁髓内钉治疗肱骨干骨折临床经验。方法：采用顺行和逆行分叉肱骨带锁髓内钉治疗肱骨干骨折25例。结果：随访平均26个月，优16例，良7例，可2例，优良率92％。除肩关节活动受限2例外，其余均完全恢复肩关节和肘关节功能。结论：分叉带锁髓内钉适应于肱骨骨折，其坚强－动态固定的有机结合有利于骨折的愈合。方法简单，固定可靠，创伤小，是一种较好的手术方法。     

髓内钉治疗胫腓骨骨折适应范围及疗效探讨

[目的]探讨带锁髓内钉、髓内扩张自锁髓内钉的适应范围。了解上述固定物的特点以提高疗效。[方法]回顾性分析了自2000年6月～2003年9月应用带锁髓内钉、髓内扩张自锁髓内钉治疗116例胫腓骨骨折病人，其中男83例，女33例，年龄16～74岁，平均38岁。带锁髓内钉固定者60例；自锁髓内钉固定者56例。随访时间12～24个月，平均17．9个月，对于上述2种手术方法列表进行了比较。[结果]在带锁钉组优良率、愈合率、闭合复位率、扩髓率、并发症、抗旋转能力分别为89．5％、96．7％、71．6％、51．6％、21．6％和＋＋＋。髓内扩张自锁髓内钉组对应相关数据分别是91．5％，98．2％，89．3％，5．3％，3．5％和＋。[结论]带锁髓内钉是治疗胫骨骨折比较理想的内固定材料。自锁钉的手术适应症基本上同带锁钉。但自锁钉弹性固定，保持微动状态，有利于骨折早期愈合，手术更易达到微创水平。胫骨中段或中下1／3横断、斜行骨折尽量选用自锁钉。带锁钉则适宜粉碎、多段骨折。本文带锁钉扩髓与自锁钉不扩髓术式比较，两者愈合方面未显出不同。胫腓骨骨折髓内钉固定一般不必要扩髓。     

AO肱骨非扩髓交锁髓内钉在肱骨干骨折中的应用

目的评估AO肱骨非扩髓交锁髓内钉在肱骨干骨折中的疗效。方法利用AO肱骨非扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗肱骨干骨折42例(44处)。术后患肢予以三角巾悬吊。结果随访5个月～6年,平均39个月。患者伤口均一期愈合,无感染。41处骨折一期愈合,2处延迟愈合,1处再次手术植骨后愈合。骨折愈合时间为12～41周,平均17周。6例出现肩峰撞击综合征。1例术后出现短暂的桡神经损害症状。结论AO肱骨非扩髓交锁髓内钉在肱骨干骨折中的疗效是肯定的、可靠的。     

肱骨内锁髓内钉治疗肱骨干骨折

[目的]研制一种新的肱骨内锁髓内钉，使操作更加简便。[方法]使用该钉治疗肱骨骨折3l例，采用闭合或小切口复位的基础上插入该钉，形成内锁。[结果]平均随访13～14个月，骨折全部愈合，肩关节功能优良率100％。[结论]肱骨内锁钉操作简便，固定可靠，体现微创的原则。     

Fracture of an elastic humeral nail. A case report

The use of elastic intramedullary nails for the treatment of diaphyseal fractures of the humerus has been associated with few complications. We report a fracture of an elastic Marchetti-Vicenzi nail used to treat a pathological fracture of the humerus. The failure of the intramedullary nail followed low-energy trauma and was presumably the end result of metal fatigue, as the original fracture had only healed after 13 months.     

The Fixion expansion nail in the surgical treatment of diaphyseal fractures of the humerus and tibia. Our experience

The authors present their experience in the application of a Fixion expansion intramedullary nail for the treatment of diaphyseal fractures of the humerus and tibia, in a total of 40 surgeries. The features of the nail are: stability and flexibility of the instrumentation, speed of surgery, minimal exposure to radiation. The results obtained up to now are encouraging; there are no significant problems either during or after surgery, and mean consolidation time is 3 months for fractures of the humerus, and 4 months for those of the tibia. The Fixion nail is a versatile type of instrumentation that is easy to use.     

交锁髓内钉与锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折的疗效研究

目的 探讨交锁髓内钉与锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折的近期疗效.方法 对2003年1月至2008年6月应用交锁髓内钉与锁定钢板治疗的36例肱骨近端骨折患者进行回顾性研究,男11例,女25例;年龄26～78岁,平均60.3岁.根据治疗方法不同分为交锁髓内钉组(21例)与锁定钢板组(15例).按Neer分型:交锁髓内钉组:Ⅱ型6...     

交锁髓内钉治疗肱骨外科颈骨折的临床疗效

目的观察交锁髓内钉治疗肱骨外科颈骨折的临床疗效。方法应用肱骨交锁髓内钉治疗肱骨外科颈骨折21例．其中男6例,女15例;年龄35～78岁．平均58．3岁。结果所有患者随访6～18个月,以Neer评分评估其功能,优7例,良13例,可1例,优良率为95．24％。结论髓内钉治疗肱骨外科颈骨折．具有创伤小、操作简易、术后能早期功能锻炼、骨折愈合快、肩关节功能恢复快等优点．是一种值得推广的治疗方法。     

Extreme complications of Fixion nail in treatment of long bone fractures

The authors present their experience related to extreme complications in treatment of diaphyseal fractures of the long bones with application of the Fixion expansion intramedullary nail in a total of 48 surgeries. We have encountered six (12.5%) extreme complications in the management of fractures of 3 humeral, 2 tibial, and 1 femoral bones during its application procedure and postoperative follow-up. Of six cases, two with humeral and tibial fractures developed nonunion and rotational instability because of failure of inflation of the Fixion nail. One of the Fixion nail in humerus was broken spontaneously, and one of the Fixion nail deflated at the follow-up and pseudoarthrosis developed in this patient. In a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta, during the inflation of the nail for the treatment of femur fracture, a new longitudinal fracture occurred and conventional non-locking intramedullary nail was inserted. In a patient with a tibia fracture that was treated with the Fixion nail, new fracture occurred due to its bending after weight bearing in the postoperative period. The Fixion nail application is a new technique for the intramedullar fixation of long bones. It is considered as an effective method for the selective fracture types of long bones. Application may need special training. Since the Fixion has not got rotational stability and rigidity as conventional nailing systems, bending and breaking of the nail may occur during postoperative period in patients with over obesity and hyperactivity. In patients with osteogenesis imperfecta, it may not be the first choice as a nailing system.     

Results of non-operative and operative treatment of humeral shaft fractures. A series of 104 cases

The aim of this study was to examine the results of different modalities applied in the treatment of 104 fresh diaphyseal fractures of the adult humerus treated in the department between January 1994 and March 1997. These results were classified according to the criteria described by Stewart and Hundley. 32 patients (30.8%) were treated non-operatively using a sling and a moulded plaster splint. The type of treatment had to be changed in 12 of these patients due to 14 different complications that occurred during the course of non-operative treatment. Thus, 20 patients (62.5%) underwent non-operative treatment until fracture-union. The results in this group were: very good in 12 cases (60%), good in 5 cases (25%), fair in 3 cases (15%). 28 fractures were treated using plates and screws. 4 events (14%) occurred during in the post-operative period and, apart from 2 cases of non-union, the overall result in the 26 patients in whom the fracture united was: very good in 23 cases (88.5%) and good in 3 cases (11.5%). 22 patients (21.1%) underwent fixation using multiple flexible intramedullary wires via a supracondylar approach. Apart from one case of non-union, the final result in the 21 patients in whom the fracture united was: very good in 9 cases (42.8%), good in 9 cases (42.8%), fair in 2 cases (9.5%) and poor in 1 case (4.9%). 22 fractures were treated using an intramedullary Seidel nail. The final result in these patients was: very good in 11 cases (50%), good in 9 cases (41%) and poor in 2 cases (9%). The indications for treatment should be eclectic. Non-operative treatment remains the method of choice for undisplaced or minimally-displaced fractures or comminuted fractures with multiple parallel longitudinal fracture-lines over the middle-third, while surgical treatment is considered for displaced fractures and essentially depends upon the type and level of the fracture. Transverse and short oblique fractures are treated using a plate or a Seidel nail. Fractures with a third fragment require plate osteosynthesis. Multiple flexible intramedullary wires are used for segmental fractures or for diaphyseal fractures associated with fractures of the neck of the humerus. Comminuted fractures are realigned using an intramedullary Seidel nail or multiple flexible wires. As far as the site of fracture is concerned, those of the proximal and middle thirds of the humerus are well treated using an intramedullary nail or multiple wires or with a plate, while plating is most often the method of choice for fractures of the distal-third.     

Küntscher intramedullary reaming and nail fixation for nonunion of the humerus.

Thirteen cases of nonunion of the humerus were treated by intramedullary reaming and nail fixation. Rigid stabilization which was usual after operating upon other long bones was not always secured in these cases, and supplementary plaster immobilization was necessary. Seven fractures healed and 3 fractures required re-nailing before healing. Three fractures did not heal in spite of reoperation, but in 2 of these cases the nail provided stability and controlled pain and motion at fracture site. Nonunion of the humerus is a difficult problem, irrespective of the method of treatment.     

Fixation of proximal humeral fractures with the Polarus nail

Thirty patients with fractures of the proximal humerus were treated by internal fixation with an intramedullary locked nail. Fourteen of these patients were more than 60 years of age; 23 patients had 2-part fractures (surgical neck fractures) and were operated on within an average of 3 days after injury. At follow-up, 20 (80%) of 25 patients showed satisfactory to excellent functional outcomes, as measured by Constant score. All but 1 fracture progressed to clinical and radiologic union. The good functional results indicate that the Polarus nail is a satisfactory mechanical device that can be used in the treatment of displaced proximal humeral fractures in both the young and the elderly with osteopenic bone.     

远端自锁髓内钉与钢板治疗肱骨干骨折疗效比较

目的比较远端自锁髓内钉与钢板治疗肱骨干骨折的临床疗效。方法用远端自锁髓内钉治疗肱骨干骨折18例，钢板内固定35例。结果髓内钉组骨折均获愈合，无内固定折断及再骨折，术后未出现桡神经损伤症状，出现肩部疼痛1例。钢板组1例出现骨折不愈合，于外院行髓内钉固定后愈合，内固定折断及再骨折1例，术后出现桡神经损伤症状2例，取钢板术后出现该症状1例。结论远端自锁髓内钉治疗肱骨干骨折优于钢板。