22例胆囊上皮性肿瘤的临床病理与MG—7免疫组化观察

对２２例胆囊上皮性肿瘤的临床病理和免疫组化进行研究，着重观察其学改变及ＭＧ－７的含量和分布。提出高分化腺癌中存在腺瘤样型和恶性杯状细胞型。ＭＧ－７在腺瘤、癌皮阴性，胆囊癌阳性率６１．１％，以低分化腺癌最高（７／８），与高分化腺癌（４／１０）相比差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。淋巴结内转移性癌ＭＧ－７可呈阳性。     

大肠肿瘤中p53和bcl-2蛋白的表达

目的：研究Ｐ５３和ｂｃｌ－２在大肠肿瘤发生中的作用。方法：应用免疫组化Ｓ－Ｐ法分别检测大肠正常、腺瘤及腺癌中Ｐ５３和ｂｃｌ－２表达。结果：大肠腺癌Ｐ５３表达率高于腺瘤组;Ｐ５３表达与大肠癌的临床病理因素无关,ｂｃｌ－２在正常粘膜基底部上皮细胞表达,在腺瘤（７７．５％）和腺（５５％）ｂｃｌ－２表达差异显著,高分化腺癌ｂｃｌ－２表达率（７３．７％）高于差分化癌（４１．２％）,在腺瘤和腺癌中ｂｃｌ－２和     

表皮生长因子和双调蛋白上调入乳腹癌细胞基质金属蛋白酶

表皮生长因子和双调蛋白上调入乳腹癌细胞基质金属蛋白酶（ＭＭＰ）－９的表达［英］／Ｋｏｎ－ｄａｐａｋａＳＢ…／／ＩｎｔＪＧａｎｃｅｒ，－１９９７，７０．７２２～７２６乳腺癌基质细胞和癌细胞能高水平表达ＭＭＰ－２和ＭＭＰ－９，它们能降解基底膜Ⅳ型胶原，因...     

B7-1分子诱导体外抗肝癌免疫反应

目的：了解Ｂ７分子在体外抗肝癌免疫中的作用。方法：健康人外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）与ＨｅｐＧ２／ｈＢ７－１，ＨｅｐＧ２／ｎｅｏ及亲代ＨｅｐＧ２瘤苗混合培养（ＭＬＴＣ），检测淋巴细胞活化增殖能力，淋巴细胞ＨＬＡ－Ｉ类抗原的表达，培养上清ＩＦＮ－γ水平，ＴＮＦ活性及ＬＡＫ，ＣＴＬ细胞活性。结果：ＨｅｐＧ２／ｈＢ７－１瘤苗促淋巴细胞增殖最高达１４．６倍，明显高于ＨｅｐＧ２／ｎｅｏ和ＨｅｐＧ２瘤苗的作用     

自身免疫性风湿病HMG－17蛋白的自身抗体

自身免疫性风湿病ＨＭＧ－１７蛋白的自身抗体［英］／ＴｚｉｏｕｆａｓＡＧ…／／ＡｒｔｈｒｉｔｉｓＲｈｅｕｍ．－１９９３，３６．－９５５～９６１高迁移组染色体蛋白（ＨＭＧ）是高等生物细胞中大量且普遍存在的非组蛋白。该蛋白分为３组：ＨＭＧ－１／２，ＨＭＧ－...     

测定重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子生物学活性的MTT比色法

用粒细胞集落刺激因子（Ｇ－ＣＳＦ）的依赖细胞株（ＮＦＳ－６０细胞株）为靶细胞，以ＭＴＴ比色法测定重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子（ｒｈＧ－ＣＳＦ）的生物学活性，确定了在ＭＴＴ比色法中ＮＦＳ－６０细胞浓度为３×１０４／孔以及ｒｈＧ－ＣＳＦ浓度与ＮＦＳ－６０细胞有量效关系的范围为２ｎｇ／ｍｌ～７．８ｐｇ／ｍｌ，对几种溶解液进行了比较，选定１０％ＳＤＳ－０．０１ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ作为ＭＴＴ结晶的溶解液，对ＭＴＴ比色法的特异性、精密度和方法回收率进行了研究。     

视黄酸对人外周血淋巴细胞CD25分子表达影响的研究

本实验采用分子杂交及流式细胞分析技术研究了视黄酸（ｒｅｔｉｎｏｉｃａｃｉｄ，ＲＡ）对人外周血淋巴细胞ＣＤ２５分子表达和细胞功能的影响，结果显示，大剂量（２．５×１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）ＲＡ处理ＰＨＡ活化４８ｈ淋巴细胞，其ＣＤ２５ｍＲＮＡ含量、ＣＤ２５阳性细胞百分率和膜表面ＣＤ２５分子数量均显著降低，淋巴细胞大部分受阻于Ｇ０／Ｇ１期，Ｇ２＋Ｍ期细胞仅占７．６％。而适量（２．５×１０－６～２．５×１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）ＲＡ作用后ＣＤ２５分子表达和Ｇ２＋Ｍ期细胞明显增加。该研究提示ＲＡ对ＣＤ２５分子表达和淋巴细胞功能的影响有一定的剂量依赖性。     

胃癌组织HLA－I类和DR分子免疫组化研究

本文应用免疫组化法对６４例胃癌、癌旁组织和６例胃溃疡大致正常胃粘膜冰冻和石蜡切片进行了染色．结果表明，正常胃粘膜和癌旁胃粘膜上皮细胞ＨＬＡ－Ｉ类分子表达阳性，其着色较均一，ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ染色均阴性．胃癌细胞Ｉ类分子表达缺失（２７／６４例），与癌旁上皮比较差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。粘液细胞癌和低分化癌Ｉ类分子缺失率显著高于高分化癌（Ｐ＜０．０２５）．此外，发生肿瘤转移的病例Ｉ类分子缺失率（１２／１５例）显著高于无转移组（１／５例，Ｐ＜０．０２５）．ＤＲ分子在癌组织表达阳性，其阳性率高达５３．１％（３４／６４例）．低分化癌ＤＲ分子阳性率亦显著高于高分化癌和中分化癌，未分化癌ＤＲ分子阳性率亦显著高于高分化癌（Ｐ＜０．０１～０．０５）．提示（１）ＨＬＡ－Ｉ类分子表达缺失可能与癌细胞逃避宿主免疫监视发生润浸生长和转移有关；（２）分化程度不同的癌组织ＨＬＡ－Ｉ类分子表达差异显著，提示癌细胞分化可能影响Ｉ、Ⅱ类分子表达和肿癌抗原呈递；（３）ＨＬＡ－Ｉ类和ＤＲ分子表达异常可能是上皮恶性转变的标志之一．     

胰腺癌组织中内分泌细胞及其意义研究

４２例胰腺癌嗜银和亲银染色发现１９例４５．２％含内分泌细胞（ＥＣ），其中ＥＣ阳性率≥５０％４例；高分化腺癌ＥＣ阳性率（５／２０例，２５％）低于中、低分化腺癌（１２／１９例，６３．２％）和粘液癌（２／２例，１００％），组织学分级Ｉ级病例ＥＣ阳性率（５／１８例，２７．８％）低于Ⅲ级病例（７／８例，８７．５％）；ＥＣ阳性病例间质肥大细胞数明显高于ＥＣ阴性病例；发生转移病例ＥＣ阳性率（８／１４例，５７．１     

卵巢上皮性肿瘤p16抑癌基因突变与HPV感染的研究

采用聚合酶链反应－单链构象多态性分析（ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ）技术，对同一卵巢上皮性肿瘤石蜡包埋组织中ｐ１６基因（第二外显子）突变及人乳头状瘤病毒（ＨＰＶ）感染进行相关性研究。并与正常卵巢组织进行对照。结果，２８例卵巢上皮性肿瘤组织中ｐ１６基因突变１５例，突变率为５３．６％（１５／２８），其中７例伴有ＨＰＶ１６型或ＨＰＶ１８型感染，占突变率的４６．７％。在卵巢上皮性肿瘤组ＨＰＶ１６、１８ＤＮＡ阳性率为５３．６％（１５／２８），对照组ＨＰＶ１６、１８ＤＮＡ阳性率为５．６（１／１８），二者比较有显著性差异。提示：卵巢上皮性肿瘤中ｐ１６基因突变与ＨＰＶ１６、１８型感染有关。ＨＰＶ１６、１８型感染与卵巢上皮肿瘤密切相关     

Nestin is a wide‐spectrum abluminal cell marker of salivary gland tumors

Nestin is an intermediate filament that was first identified in neural progenitor cells. It is expressed in various cell types in the nervous system as well as in other systems. In the present study, we investigated nestin expression in non‐neoplastic salivary gland tissue and in salivary gland tumors. In non‐neoplastic salivary glands, nestin expression was observed in only a few abluminal cells. In contrast, diffuse nestin staining was observed in the abluminal cells of pleomorphic adenoma (11 of 11 cases), basal cell adenoma (7 of 7 cases), and epithelial‐myoepithelial carcinoma (2 of 2 cases). The stromal cells in basal cell adenoma also expressed nestin. In adenoid cystic carcinoma (6 of 7 cases) and polymorphous low‐grade adenocarcinoma (3 of 3 cases), nestin positive cells were observed focally. Nestin was not detected in Warthin tumor (6 cases), classical acinic cell carcinoma (2 cases), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (5 cases), or salivary duct carcinoma (4 cases). Because the nestin expression pattern in each histological salivary gland tumor type is unique, nestin could be a very useful abluminal cell marker for the diagnosis of salivary gland tumors.     

Histopathologic study of the rectum in 1,464 consecutive rectal specimens in a single Japanese hospital: II. malignant lesions

The author investigated histopathology of 1,464 consecutive rectal specimens in of our pathology laboratory in Japan. A review of pathological reports was done by computer. Observation of histological slides was performed, when appropriate. The rectal specimens were composed of 1,041 benign lesions and 423 malignant lesions. The 423 malignant lesions were composed of 367 cases of primary rectal carcinoma, 41 cases of carcinoma in adenoma, 7 cases of neuroendocrine tumor, 3 cases of malignant lymphoma, 2 cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), and 3 cases of metastatic carcinoma. Of the 367 cases of primary rectal carcinoma, 37 cases were early carcinomas whose invasion was limited up to the submucosa (early rectal carcinoma). The remaining 330 cases were advanced carcinoma invading beyond the proper muscle layer. The histological types were well differentiated adenocarcinoma in 197 cases, moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma in 129 cases, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in 10 cases, mucinous adenocarcinoma in 24 cases, signet ring cell carcinoma in 6 cases, squamous cell carcinoma in 1 case In the 41 cases of carcinoma in adenoma, the carcinoma was well to moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, and all cases were early carcinomas without invasion or with little invasions to subserosa. The size of carcinoma in adenoma was as follows: < 10 mm, 5 cases; 10-15 mm, 8 cases; 15-20 mm, 23 cases; > 20mm, 5 cases. The background adenoma was as follows: tubular adenoma (n=15), tubulo-villous adenoma (n=14), and villous adenoma (n=12). The 7 cases of neuroendocrine carcinoma consisted of 6 low grade neuroendocrine tumors (carcinoids) and 1 high grade neuroendocrine carcinoma (small cell carcinoma). All were submucosal lesions. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for two or more of synaptophysin, chromogranin, neuron-specific enolase, CD56. In small cell carcinoma, KIT and PDGFRA were consistently positive. The 3 cases of malignant lymphoma were diffuse large B-cell lymphomas positive for CD20 and CD79a and negative for NK/T cell markers. The two cases of GIST was spindle cell type, and the risk was intermediate. Kit mutations were recognized in both GISTs. No PDGFRA mutations were seen. Of the 3 metastatic carcinomas, one was a metastasis from prostatic adenocarcinoma, and the remaining two was adenocarcinoma of unknown primary sites.     

血清CA72-4、MG-7在胃癌诊断中的意义

为探索血清肿瘤标志物CA72-4、MG-7在胃癌诊断中的意义,本文分别采用电化学发光法和免疫放射分析法（IR-MA）检测血清CA72-4及MG-7在53例胃癌患者、27例其它肿瘤患者、56例良性疾病患者及36名健康人中的含量,分析上述两种指标在胃癌诊断中的意义。结果显示,CA72-4在胃癌组和其它肿瘤组中的阳性率分别为86.8%和88.9%,含量较健康对照组高（P〈0.05）,但其在良性疾病组和健康对照组中也有一定的检出率（分别为32.1%、19.4%）。MG-7在胃癌组含量同样较健康对照组高（P〈0.05）,阳性率为52.8%,但MG-7在良性疾病组中检出率很低（3.6%）,在健康对照组中无检出。CA72-4与MG-7联合检测在胃癌组和健康对照组中检出率分别为92.5%和19.4%。血清CA72-4、MG-7在胃癌诊断中具有重要作用。     

OCT4、CD117、CD30在生殖细胞肿瘤中的表达及鉴别诊断意义

目的 研究OCT4、CD117、CD30在不同生殖细胞肿瘤类型中的表达,及其在鉴别诊断中的应川价值。方法 应用免疫组织化学技术EnVision法检测OCT4在63例生殖细胞肿瘤的表达情况,包括21例睾丸精原细胞瘤,7例卵巢无性细胞瘤,8例中枢神经系统生殖细胞瘤,8例胚胎性癌,6例卯黄囊瘤,10例成熟性畸胎瘤,3例术成熟性畸胎瘤。25例非生殖细胞肿瘤的表达情况作为对照,包括8例颗粒细胞瘤,4例透明细胞癌,5例间质细胞瘤,4例弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤,4例恶性黑色素瘤中的表达情况,同时柃测CD117和CD30在所有生殖细胞肿瘤中的表达情况。结果OCT4住100％的精原细胞瘤（21／21）、8／8的生殖细胞瘤、6／7的无性细胞瘤,以及7／8的胚胎性癌中阳性表达,定化于细胞核;仅在1例卵黄囊瘤和1例透明细胞癌中有弱阳性表达,其余生殖细胞肿瘤及非生殖细胞肿瘤中均为阴性。CD117在90．5％（19／21）的精原细胞瘤、7／8的生殖细胞瘤以及5／7的无性细胞瘤中阳性表达,主要定位于胞膜;1例卵黄囊瘤的部分区域胞膜弱表达,在畸胎瘤中鳞状上皮基底层的黑色素细胞阳性表达,所有胚胎性癌中均是阴性。CD30在6／8的胚胎性癌中表达阳性,定位于细胞膜;只有1例生殖细胞瘤有弱的阳性表达,主要定位于胞质,其余精原细胞瘤、生殖细胞瘤、无性细胞瘤中均是阴性表达;另外在1例卵黄囊瘤中有局灶的胞质内阳性表达,在畸胎瘤中均是阴性。结论OCT4是标记精原细胞瘤、生殖细胞瘤、无性细胞瘤和胚胎性癌的一种特异而敏感的指标;联合应用OCT4、CD117和CD30对于诊断和搭别诊断精原细胞瘤、生殖细胞瘤、无性细胞瘤和胚胎性癌具有较高的应用价值。     

后肾性腺瘤3例报道并文献复习

目的：探讨后肾性腺瘤的病理形态学特征及诊断要点。方法：采用常规HE染色及免疫组化染色，并复习文献。结果：组织学上主要由紧密而规则排列 的圆形小管和含有圆形细胞巢的实性区相间排列，偶见肾小球样结构。免疫组化以Leu7、vimetntin、keratin阳性及EMA阴性为特点。结论：后肾性腺瘤是肾胚胎残留发生的罕见良性肿瘤，常被误诊为恶性肿瘤，故与肾母细胞瘤、乳头状肾细胞癌鉴别尤为重要。     

Immunocytochemistry of the thyroid in surgical and cytologic specimens

The value of immunocytochemistry in thyroid disease was evaluated in histologic and cytologic material derived from papillary carcinoma (25 cases), follicular carcinoma (nine cases), follicular adenoma (nine cases), Hürthle cell tumor (three cases), medullary carcinoma (two cases), nodular goiter (nine cases), and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (two cases). Thyroglobulin was positive in the follicular cells and/or colloid of all lesions (except medullary carcinoma) and two papillary carcinomas. Vimentin was positive in papillary carcinoma (17 of 25), follicular carcinoma (four of nine), follicular adenoma (four of nine), and nodular goiter (two of nine). Vimentin positivity, which was restricted to follicular cells, was strongest in those cells undergoing oncocytic transformation. Three markers of glandular/acinar secretory differentiation (lactoferrin, lactalbumin, and secretory component) were uniformly negative even in well differentiated follicular structures. In medullary carcinoma, both calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen were strongly positive in the parafollicular cells. The antibody panel can definitely identify histogenesis from the thyroid but is of little value in tumor classification. In histologic and cytologic preparations, vimentin positivity does not exclude thyroid follicular cell origin. The method can be successfully applied to richly cellular needle aspirates. This is best achieved with assisted needle aspirations when cellularity is ascertained by on-site microscopic examination of multiple passes.     

肿瘤相关抗原LEA在大肠癌及大肠非癌患者血清中的表达

目的　探讨LEA在大肠腺瘤和大肠癌的早期诊断价值。方法　应用双抗夹心ELLSA技术 ,以ND - 1单抗和抗CEA单体分别对大肠癌患者 93例、大肠腺瘤 16例、炎性息肉 15例及正常人 32例的血清进行LEA和CEA的检测。结果　LEA在大肠癌的阳性表达率为 72 %与炎性息肉的 7%存在非常显著性关系(P <0 0 1) ;CEA在大肠癌的阳性表达率为 5 9%与健康人的 6 %也存在非常显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。但LEA在大肠腺瘤的阳性表达率为 6 3%与炎性息肉的 7%存在非常显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ,而CEA的大肠腺瘤与炎性息肉分别为 5 0 %和 7% ,无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　LEA在大肠腺瘤的血清学表达很有可能作为大肠癌前病变的指标     

涎腺基底细胞腺瘤和腺癌与腺样囊性癌的比较观察

目的 研究涎腺基底细胞腺瘤和基底细胞腺癌与腺样囊性癌的形态学特征、免疫表型和鉴别诊断。方法 对5例基底细胞腺瘤，5例基底细胞腺癌和7例腺样囊性癌进行了免疫组化和双重免疫电镜(2例)的观察。结果 基底细胞腺瘤和基底细胞腺癌在免疫表型方面非常相似；基底细胞腺瘤(癌)与腺样囊性癌之间在免疫表型和超微结构方面有一定的差别。结论 基底细胞腺瘤和基底细胞腺癌的鉴别诊断基于两者的生长方式和组织学特征。免疫组化和免疫电镜观察有助于基底细胞腺瘤(癌)与腺样囊性癌的鉴别诊断。     

Immunohistochemical Demonstration of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Ceruloplasmin in Thyroid Diseases

The expression of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) and ceruloplasmin (CP) in thyroid diseases was investigated by immunohistochemical methods, and the results were compared with the expression of thyroglobulin (TG). Eighty eight surgical specimens of thyroid diseases, including follicular carcinoma (7 cases), papillary carcinoma (20 cases), follicular adenoma (29 cases), adenomatous goiter (10 cases), diffuse hyperplasia (20 cases) and chronic thyroiditis (2 cases), were studied. All cases of follicular carcinoma and 18 cases (90%) of papillary carcinoma expressed the EGFR immunoreaction in the cytoplasm with a moderate to strong staining intensity. A weak immunoreaction for EGFR was noted in some benign thyroid diseases. CP showed various degrees of positivity in all cases of follicular carcinoma and 19 cases (95%) of papillary carcinoma. The benign thyroid lesions were consistently negative for this antigen, not counting one case of Hiirthle cell adenoma. There was a positive correlation between EGFR and CP immunostaining intensity in thyroid carcinomas, representing higher expression of EGFR accompanied by a stronger staining intensity of CP. Except for two cases of papillary carcinoma, all cases showed immunoreaction for TG. The results indicate the enhanced expression of EGFR and CP in thyroid carcinomas. EGFR and CP thus appear to be valuable tools for differential diagnosis between benign and malignant thyroid neoplasms.