Percutaneous vertebroplasty for pain relief and spinal stabilization

STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective review of 47 consecutive patients (1995-1998) in whom percutaneous intraosseous methylmethacrylate cement injection (percutaneous vertebroplasty) was used to treat osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures and spinal column neoplasms. OBJECTIVES: To present initial results regarding pain relief, spinal stabilization, and complications after treatment with percutaneous vertebroplasty. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Percutaneous vertebroplasty was developed in France in the late 1980s. Several European reports have described excellent results for treatment of compression fractures and neoplasms. The procedure was not performed in the United States until 1994. Only a single series of 29 patients treated in the United States has been reported. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of 47 consecutive patients with 84 vertebrae treated with percutaneous vertebroplasty. Thirty-eight patients with 70 vertebrae had symptomatic, osteoporotic fractures and had failed medical therapy. Eight patients with 13 vertebrae had primary or metastatic neoplasms. One patient had a hemangioma. Immediate and long-term pain response, spinal stability, and complications were evaluated. RESULTS: Among the 38 patients treated for osteoporotic fractures, 24 (63%) had marked to complete pain relief, 12 (32%) moderate relief and 2 (5%) no significant change. Only 4 of the 8 patients with malignancies had significant pain relief. In 7 of these patients, no further vertebral compression occurred, and spinal canal compromise was prevented. The patient with the hemangioma had no significant pain reduction. Minor complications occurred in 3 (6%) patients. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous vertebroplasty provided significant pain relief in a high percentage of patients with osteoporotic fractures. The procedure provided spinal stabilization in patients with malignancies but did not produce consistent pain relief. Complications were minor and infrequent. Percutaneous vertebroplasty is a promising therapy for patients with osteoporotic fractures and for selected vertebral column neoplasms.     

骨质疏松性压缩骨折椎体成形术后再发椎体骨折

目的研究椎体骨质疏松性压缩骨折行椎体成形术后再发骨折的规律及相关危险因素。方法 2005年12月至2009年8月,收治外伤所致胸腰椎骨质疏松性压缩骨折行PVP治疗并资料完整的病例218例,其中男44例,女174例;年龄48～82岁,平均72.1岁。收集术前、术后1d、末次随访（至少18个月）时影像资料,对新发骨折情况进行统计分析。结果 218例（286个椎体）患者中,有22例患者进行2次以上PVP治疗,60.7%的新发椎体骨折为相邻椎体骨折;相邻椎体新发骨折较非相邻椎体新发骨折发生更快（P〈0.001）;在椎体骨折2次以上的病例,高龄、低骨密度的病例再发椎体骨折比例较大（P〈0.005）;将单次及多次骨折（2次以上）两组病例比较,性别和骨水泥注入量无明显差异（P〉0.05）。结论椎体成形术后数年内易新发椎体骨折,其中相邻椎体骨折所占比例更大,且发生更快;高龄、低骨密度的患者再发骨折可能性更大。椎间盘骨水泥渗漏亦对相邻椎体骨折的发生起重要影响。     

Percutaneous vertebroplasty for symptomatic osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture adjacent to lumbar instrumented circumferential fusion

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous vertebroplasty for patients with symptomatic osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures adjacent to lumbar instrumented circumferential fusion. Between January 2005 and June 2010, eighteen patients in the authors' institution with lumbar instrumented circumferential fusion had adjacent symptomatic osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. The patients received percutaneous vertebroplasty using polymethylmethacrylate bone cement augmentation. Radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging were used. The visual analog pain scale and modified Brodsky's criteria were used to compare clinical outcomes pre- and postoperatively. Minimum follow-up was 18 months. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan confirmed osteoporosis in all patients. The average interval between fusion surgery and sustaining osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures was 24.8 months. The average interval between sustaining osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures and undergoing percutaneous vertebroplasty was 49.3 days. One-level percutaneous vertebroplasty was performed in 13 patients, and 2 levels were performed in 5 patients. The patients' visual analog pain scale scores improved by an average of 53 points postoperatively. Fifteen patients returned to preinjury activities of daily living. The average restoration of the fractured vertebral body height was 12.1%. No major surgery-related complications, occurred except asymptomatic cement leakage in 3 patients. Elderly patients undergoing lumbar instrumented fusion surgery should be aware of the possibility of adjacent vertebral compression fractures. Percutaneous vertebroplasty is a minimally invasive and effective procedure to treat such adjacent segment disease.     

经皮椎体成形术在骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折治疗中的应用

目的 评估经皮椎体成形术在治疗骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折中的疗效。方法 对19例22个骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折患行经皮椎体成形术。结果 所有患经3～12个月的随访，疗效满意，其中优4例(21％)，良12例(63％)，可3例(19％)。术后5例患需阶段性口服药物缓解疼痛，2例骨水泥外溢，但未造成不良后果。结论 经皮椎体成形术是一种微创治疗方法，用于治疗骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折有明显疗效，可在短时间内解除患痛苦，恢复正常活动。     

四步法单侧入路椎体成形术在胸椎骨质疏松性骨折中的应用

目的探讨四步法单侧入路的经皮椎体成形术(PVP)在胸椎骨质疏松性骨折中的应用。方法运用四步法,对胸椎骨质疏松性骨折椎体进行单侧入路的经皮椎体成形术,计录手术时间,观察骨水泥弥散分布情况,在术前、术后3 d、术后12个月随访时进行疼痛视觉类比评分(VAS)。结果18例21个椎体操作均成功,手术时间10~25 min,平均(16±2.2)min,骨水泥在椎体内弥散分布均越过椎体中线,VAS评分由术前(8.5±1.2)分降低至(2.5±1.4)分,术后效果良好。结论四步法单侧入路椎体成形术治疗胸椎骨质疏松性骨折简单快速、安全有效。     

经皮椎体成形术中骨水泥填充对患者凝血功能的影响

目的:探讨经皮椎体成形术中骨水泥对骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者凝血功能的影响及临床意义.方法:2006年12月至2007年12月,对24例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者行经皮椎体成形术,男6例,女18例:年龄48～83岁,平均69岁.脊柱骨折部位为T5-L3,共44个椎体,其中胸椎20个椎体,腰椎24个椎体.采用C型臂X线机透视引导下行经皮椎体成形术,注射聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥(PMMA).分别在注入骨水泥前10min、注入骨水泥后10min、30min、1h、2h及3h时检测患者凝血功能相关指标,包括血浆凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化的部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、鱼精蛋白副凝固试验(3P试验)及血浆D-二聚体(D-D)含量,并进行统计学分析.结果:经皮椎体成形术中注人骨水泥10min后PT缩短、FIB增高、3P试验阳性率升高,D-D含量增高,1h时达到高峰后开始下降.注入骨水泥后10min、30min、1h、2h四个时间点与注入骨水泥前相比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05).活化的部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)在各时间点与注入骨水泥前比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05).3h后骨水泥对这些指标的影响基本消除,各项指标与注入骨水泥前比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论:经皮椎体成形术中骨水泥填充会引起患者一过性血液高凝状态,在注入骨水泥后的3h内需严密监测病情,以防血栓性疾病发生.     

经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折

目的 研究经皮穿刺椎体成形术在治疗疼痛性骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折中的效用。方法 2年内15例有1－6个月背部、腰部疼痛伴行动障碍需止痛药治疗患（男5人、女10人），年龄58－81岁，经临床、CT及MRI评价为骨质疏松椎体压缩且近期有进展，在CT引导下完成经皮穿刺椎体成形术22例次。治疗效果采用Huskisson止痛视觉评分法评估。结果 13例患（86．7％）在24h内疼痛缓解，12例停用止痛药，余下的2例有轻微疼痛好转（13．3％）。1例患3个月后由于相邻椎体出现新的压缩而疼痛复发，二次治疗好转。结论 经皮穿刺椎体成形术用于骨质疏松椎体压缩是一种微创操作，可以立即缓解疼痛并使患很快恢复运动，是一种有价值的治疗骨质疏松压缩骨折的方法。     

骨水泥椎间渗漏与椎体成形术术后再发椎体压缩骨折相关性研究

目的 评估骨水泥椎间渗漏与椎体成形术（percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP）术后再发椎体压缩骨折风险的相关性.方法对2009年6月～2011年6月行PVP手术治疗的153例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者进行回顾性研究,根据椎体再发骨折情况分为再发骨折组与对照组,记录2组患者骨密度、骨水泥注射量与骨水泥椎间隙渗漏情况.结果共124例患者（148个椎体）获得完整随访,平均随访18个月;24例患者（32个椎体）再发椎体压缩骨折.再发椎体压缩骨折患者骨水泥椎间渗透率为25.0%（6/24）与对照组的21.0%（21/100）差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.再发椎体压缩骨折患者骨密度低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 骨水泥椎间渗漏并不增加PVP术后再发椎体压缩骨折风险,低骨密度是再发椎体骨折的危险因素.     

Percutaneous vertebroplasty for vertebral compression fracture

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous vertebroplasty has become an option for the treatment of painful osteoporotic compression fractures in patients in whom conservative medical management has failed. AIM: This paper assessed the effectiveness and safety of percutaneous vertebroplasty in patients with focal pain caused by compression vertebral body fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Over a twenty-five-month period 63 patients underwent percutaneous vertebroplasty, and ten of these patients were subsequently retreated, for a total of 73 operations on 93 vertebrae. The patients were affected by osteoporotic compression fractures (n=57) or by benign or malignant infiltrative processes (n=6). All patients were examined at discharge and thereafter to assess the level of pain and investigate possible changes in the quality of life. The mean length of follow-up was 15.2 months. RESULTS: After treatment, almost 90% of patients reported complete disappearance or significant alleviation of the pain. In 7 of 63 of the patient (11%) there were small asymptomatic leakages of cement outside the vertebral body. A substantial number of patients with osteoporosis, 19% of the study population, experienced new fractures following treatment with vertebroplasty. DISCUSSION: Our experience confirms the effectiveness of vertebroplasty to pain caused by vertebral fractures. If the indications are strictly followed, improvement of symptoms is often immediate, allowing the return of mobility, and patient satisfaction with surgery is higher. The use of appropriate systems limits the number of complications.     

经皮椎体成形术中骨水泥注射量与疗效和并发症的相关性研究

目的 探讨经皮椎体成形术(PVP)在治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折中骨水泥注射量与疗效的关系,以及骨水泥渗漏的预防.方法 2002年1月至2007年2月,应用PVP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折121例,共163个椎体,其中胸椎101个,腰椎62个.患者在C型臂X线机临测或者CT定位下行PVP治疗.将骨水泥的注射量与椎体病变体积的比例分为4级:1级充填比例<25%,2级填允比例25%～50%,3级填充比例51%～75%,4级填充比例>75%,术后行X线片及CT检查并分析骨水泥在椎体的分布,评价骨水泥的渗漏、疼痛缓解情况及脊柱的稳定性.疼痛缓解采用WHO标准进行评估.结果 121例患者骨水泥注射量平均为(4.2±0.8)mL.骨水泥填允比例具体分布为1级64个,2级72个,3级27个椎体,胸椎注射1～2 mL 18个,腰椎注射2～3 mL 11个椎体.1、2、3级椎体骨水泥渗漏率分别为18.8%、29.2%和48.1%.121例患者术后获6～24个月(平均9.8个月)随访,患者背部疼痛均有不同程度缓解或者消失.填充比例为1级、2级、3级各组之间的疼痛缓解差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.059,P>0.05).填允比例为2、3级患者椎体前、中、后缘高度及Cobb角在于术前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而1级患者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 PVP在治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折中,骨水泥的注入量与临床效果之间无必然联系,从治疗的安全性考虑,手术时应适当限量注射骨水泥(胸椎1～2 mL,腰椎2～3 mL),且应使骨水泥分布均匀.     

经皮椎体成形术中骨水泥注射量与疗效和并发症的相关性研究

目的 探讨经皮椎体成形术(PVP)在治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折中骨水泥注射量与疗效的关系,以及骨水泥渗漏的预防.方法 2002年1月至2007年2月,应用PVP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折121例,共163个椎体,其中胸椎101个,腰椎62个.患者在C型臂X线机临测或者CT定位下行PVP治疗.将骨水泥的注射量与椎体病变体积的比例分为4级:1级充填比例<25%,2级填允比例25%～50%,3级填充比例51%～75%,4级填充比例>75%,术后行X线片及CT检查并分析骨水泥在椎体的分布,评价骨水泥的渗漏、疼痛缓解情况及脊柱的稳定性.疼痛缓解采用WHO标准进行评估.结果 121例患者骨水泥注射量平均为(4.2±0.8)mL.骨水泥填允比例具体分布为1级64个,2级72个,3级27个椎体,胸椎注射1～2 mL 18个,腰椎注射2～3 mL 11个椎体.1、2、3级椎体骨水泥渗漏率分别为18.8%、29.2%和48.1%.121例患者术后获6～24个月(平均9.8个月)随访,患者背部疼痛均有不同程度缓解或者消失.填充比例为1级、2级、3级各组之间的疼痛缓解差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.059,P>0.05).填允比例为2、3级患者椎体前、中、后缘高度及Cobb角在于术前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而1级患者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 PVP在治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折中,骨水泥的注入量与临床效果之间无必然联系,从治疗的安全性考虑,手术时应适当限量注射骨水泥(胸椎1～2 mL,腰椎2～3 mL),且应使骨水泥分布均匀.     

经皮椎体成形术中骨水泥注射量与疗效和并发症的相关性研究

目的 探讨经皮椎体成形术(PVP)在治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折中骨水泥注射量与疗效的关系,以及骨水泥渗漏的预防.方法 2002年1月至2007年2月,应用PVP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折121例,共163个椎体,其中胸椎101个,腰椎62个.患者在C型臂X线机临测或者CT定位下行PVP治疗.将骨水泥的注射量与椎体病变体积的比例分为4级:1级充填比例<25%,2级填允比例25%～50%,3级填充比例51%～75%,4级填充比例>75%,术后行X线片及CT检查并分析骨水泥在椎体的分布,评价骨水泥的渗漏、疼痛缓解情况及脊柱的稳定性.疼痛缓解采用WHO标准进行评估.结果 121例患者骨水泥注射量平均为(4.2±0.8)mL.骨水泥填允比例具体分布为1级64个,2级72个,3级27个椎体,胸椎注射1～2 mL 18个,腰椎注射2～3 mL 11个椎体.1、2、3级椎体骨水泥渗漏率分别为18.8%、29.2%和48.1%.121例患者术后获6～24个月(平均9.8个月)随访,患者背部疼痛均有不同程度缓解或者消失.填充比例为1级、2级、3级各组之间的疼痛缓解差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.059,P>0.05).填允比例为2、3级患者椎体前、中、后缘高度及Cobb角在于术前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而1级患者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 PVP在治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折中,骨水泥的注入量与临床效果之间无必然联系,从治疗的安全性考虑,手术时应适当限量注射骨水泥(胸椎1～2 mL,腰椎2～3 mL),且应使骨水泥分布均匀.     

经皮椎体成形术中骨水泥注射量与疗效和并发症的相关性研究

目的 探讨经皮椎体成形术(PVP)在治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折中骨水泥注射量与疗效的关系,以及骨水泥渗漏的预防.方法 2002年1月至2007年2月,应用PVP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折121例,共163个椎体,其中胸椎101个,腰椎62个.患者在C型臂X线机临测或者CT定位下行PVP治疗.将骨水泥的注射量与椎体病变体积的比例分为4级:1级充填比例<25%,2级填允比例25%～50%,3级填充比例51%～75%,4级填充比例>75%,术后行X线片及CT检查并分析骨水泥在椎体的分布,评价骨水泥的渗漏、疼痛缓解情况及脊柱的稳定性.疼痛缓解采用WHO标准进行评估.结果 121例患者骨水泥注射量平均为(4.2±0.8)mL.骨水泥填允比例具体分布为1级64个,2级72个,3级27个椎体,胸椎注射1～2 mL 18个,腰椎注射2～3 mL 11个椎体.1、2、3级椎体骨水泥渗漏率分别为18.8%、29.2%和48.1%.121例患者术后获6～24个月(平均9.8个月)随访,患者背部疼痛均有不同程度缓解或者消失.填充比例为1级、2级、3级各组之间的疼痛缓解差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.059,P>0.05).填允比例为2、3级患者椎体前、中、后缘高度及Cobb角在于术前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而1级患者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 PVP在治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折中,骨水泥的注入量与临床效果之间无必然联系,从治疗的安全性考虑,手术时应适当限量注射骨水泥(胸椎1～2 mL,腰椎2～3 mL),且应使骨水泥分布均匀.     

经皮椎体成形术中骨水泥注射量与疗效和并发症的相关性研究

目的 探讨经皮椎体成形术(PVP)在治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折中骨水泥注射量与疗效的关系,以及骨水泥渗漏的预防.方法 2002年1月至2007年2月,应用PVP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折121例,共163个椎体,其中胸椎101个,腰椎62个.患者在C型臂X线机临测或者CT定位下行PVP治疗.将骨水泥的注射量与椎体病变体积的比例分为4级:1级充填比例<25%,2级填允比例25%～50%,3级填充比例51%～75%,4级填充比例>75%,术后行X线片及CT检查并分析骨水泥在椎体的分布,评价骨水泥的渗漏、疼痛缓解情况及脊柱的稳定性.疼痛缓解采用WHO标准进行评估.结果 121例患者骨水泥注射量平均为(4.2±0.8)mL.骨水泥填允比例具体分布为1级64个,2级72个,3级27个椎体,胸椎注射1～2 mL 18个,腰椎注射2～3 mL 11个椎体.1、2、3级椎体骨水泥渗漏率分别为18.8%、29.2%和48.1%.121例患者术后获6～24个月(平均9.8个月)随访,患者背部疼痛均有不同程度缓解或者消失.填充比例为1级、2级、3级各组之间的疼痛缓解差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.059,P>0.05).填允比例为2、3级患者椎体前、中、后缘高度及Cobb角在于术前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而1级患者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 PVP在治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折中,骨水泥的注入量与临床效果之间无必然联系,从治疗的安全性考虑,手术时应适当限量注射骨水泥(胸椎1～2 mL,腰椎2～3 mL),且应使骨水泥分布均匀.     

经皮椎体成形术中骨水泥注射量与疗效和并发症的相关性研究

目的 探讨经皮椎体成形术(PVP)在治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折中骨水泥注射量与疗效的关系,以及骨水泥渗漏的预防.方法 2002年1月至2007年2月,应用PVP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折121例,共163个椎体,其中胸椎101个,腰椎62个.患者在C型臂X线机临测或者CT定位下行PVP治疗.将骨水泥的注射量与椎体病变体积的比例分为4级:1级充填比例<25%,2级填允比例25%～50%,3级填充比例51%～75%,4级填充比例>75%,术后行X线片及CT检查并分析骨水泥在椎体的分布,评价骨水泥的渗漏、疼痛缓解情况及脊柱的稳定性.疼痛缓解采用WHO标准进行评估.结果 121例患者骨水泥注射量平均为(4.2±0.8)mL.骨水泥填允比例具体分布为1级64个,2级72个,3级27个椎体,胸椎注射1～2 mL 18个,腰椎注射2～3 mL 11个椎体.1、2、3级椎体骨水泥渗漏率分别为18.8%、29.2%和48.1%.121例患者术后获6～24个月(平均9.8个月)随访,患者背部疼痛均有不同程度缓解或者消失.填充比例为1级、2级、3级各组之间的疼痛缓解差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.059,P>0.05).填允比例为2、3级患者椎体前、中、后缘高度及Cobb角在于术前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而1级患者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 PVP在治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折中,骨水泥的注入量与临床效果之间无必然联系,从治疗的安全性考虑,手术时应适当限量注射骨水泥(胸椎1～2 mL,腰椎2～3 mL),且应使骨水泥分布均匀.     

经皮椎体成形术中骨水泥注射量与疗效和并发症的相关性研究

目的 探讨经皮椎体成形术(PVP)在治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折中骨水泥注射量与疗效的关系,以及骨水泥渗漏的预防.方法 2002年1月至2007年2月,应用PVP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折121例,共163个椎体,其中胸椎101个,腰椎62个.患者在C型臂X线机临测或者CT定位下行PVP治疗.将骨水泥的注射量与椎体病变体积的比例分为4级:1级充填比例<25%,2级填允比例25%～50%,3级填充比例51%～75%,4级填充比例>75%,术后行X线片及CT检查并分析骨水泥在椎体的分布,评价骨水泥的渗漏、疼痛缓解情况及脊柱的稳定性.疼痛缓解采用WHO标准进行评估.结果 121例患者骨水泥注射量平均为(4.2±0.8)mL.骨水泥填允比例具体分布为1级64个,2级72个,3级27个椎体,胸椎注射1～2 mL 18个,腰椎注射2～3 mL 11个椎体.1、2、3级椎体骨水泥渗漏率分别为18.8%、29.2%和48.1%.121例患者术后获6～24个月(平均9.8个月)随访,患者背部疼痛均有不同程度缓解或者消失.填充比例为1级、2级、3级各组之间的疼痛缓解差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.059,P>0.05).填允比例为2、3级患者椎体前、中、后缘高度及Cobb角在于术前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而1级患者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 PVP在治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折中,骨水泥的注入量与临床效果之间无必然联系,从治疗的安全性考虑,手术时应适当限量注射骨水泥(胸椎1～2 mL,腰椎2～3 mL),且应使骨水泥分布均匀.     

Percutaneous vertebroplasty as a treatment for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: a systematic review

Percutaneous vertebroplasty has been performed for more than ten years to treat painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Clinical results have been encouraging, but little is known about the efficacy and safety of this minimally invasive procedure. We therefore performed a systematic review to assess the efficacy and safety of percutaneous vertebroplasty in osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. A search was conducted using Medline, Embase and The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. The search yielded fifteen studies, eleven prospective, three retrospective and one controlled trial. Totally 1,136 interventions were performed on 793 patients. Mean pain scores, measured using a 0 to 10 VAS score, improved significantly from 7.8 to 3.1 (−60.3%) immediately after percutaneous vertebroplasty. The short-term complication rate varied between 0.4 and 75.6%. Leakage of cement outside the vertebral body was markedly common, ranging from 3.3 to 75.6%. Although the majority was asymptomatic, a few devastating clinical adverse effects were reported (mean 2.4%). Although percutaneous vertebroplasty is a widely accepted treatment for osteoporotic vertebral fractures, we revealed only a single controlled trial. We conclude that there are insufficient data available to reliably assess efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty. The procedure has a low rate of clinical complications, but potential complications can be devastating. In the future, assessing the efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty requires controlled trials with long-term follow-up.     

经皮椎体成形术中骨水泥注射量与疗效和并发症的相关性研究

目的 探讨经皮椎体成形术(PVP)在治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折中骨水泥注射量与疗效的关系,以及骨水泥渗漏的预防.方法 2002年1月至2007年2月,应用PVP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折121例,共163个椎体,其中胸椎101个,腰椎62个.患者在C型臂X线机临测或者CT定位下行PVP治疗.将骨水泥的注射量与椎体病变体积的比例分为4级:1级充填比例<25%,2级填允比例25%～50%,3级填充比例51%～75%,4级填充比例>75%,术后行X线片及CT检查并分析骨水泥在椎体的分布,评价骨水泥的渗漏、疼痛缓解情况及脊柱的稳定性.疼痛缓解采用WHO标准进行评估.结果 121例患者骨水泥注射量平均为(4.2±0.8)mL.骨水泥填允比例具体分布为1级64个,2级72个,3级27个椎体,胸椎注射1～2 mL 18个,腰椎注射2～3 mL 11个椎体.1、2、3级椎体骨水泥渗漏率分别为18.8%、29.2%和48.1%.121例患者术后获6～24个月(平均9.8个月)随访,患者背部疼痛均有不同程度缓解或者消失.填充比例为1级、2级、3级各组之间的疼痛缓解差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.059,P>0.05).填允比例为2、3级患者椎体前、中、后缘高度及Cobb角在于术前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而1级患者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 PVP在治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折中,骨水泥的注入量与临床效果之间无必然联系,从治疗的安全性考虑,手术时应适当限量注射骨水泥(胸椎1～2 mL,腰椎2～3 mL),且应使骨水泥分布均匀.     

Balloon kyphoplasty versus percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral body compression fractures: clinical and radiological outcomes

BACKGROUND CONTEXTOsteoporotic vertebral body compression fracture are the commonest fractures amongst the other osteoporotic fracture sites. These fragility fractures are the result of low energy mechanical forces that that would not ordinarily result in fracture. Percutaneous vertebroplasty and balloon kyphoplasty has been widely used as minimally invasive procedures to treat painful vertebral compression fractures.PURPOSEAim of the present study was to evaluate radiological, clinical and functional outcome of patients with osteoporotic vertebral body fractures treated with Balloon Kyphoplasty and Vertebroplasty.STUDY DESIGNProspective cohort studyPATIENT SAMPLE40 patients (Male:15, Female: 25) with average age of 56 +/- 8 years diagnosed with osteoporotic vertebral body compression fracture on clinical and radiological evaluation with no neurological deficit and no other associated fractures were included.OUTCOME MEASURESOperative time, cost for the procedure, gain in vertebral body height, reduction in pain, ability to perform daily routine activities, risk of cement leakage and any other systemic complications were evaluated and compared in both the study groups.METHODSAll the patients underwent conventional Xray, MRI (to rule out acute from chronic fracture, to check compromise of spinal canal and calculate collapse in vertebral body height), Visual analog scaling for severity of pain and difficulty in daily routine activities by Oswestry disability index preoperatively. Post operative clinal, functional, radiological outcome and complications were compared in patients treated with percutaneous vertebroplasty and balloon kyphoplasty.RESULTThere was significant difference in intraoperative time period and procedure cost for the patients treated with Vertebroplasty(50.75min, 25k) in comparison to balloon kyphoplasty (71.95, 50k) with p value being < .001There was significant difference between preoperative and postoperative study parameters in both the study groups but there was no significant difference in post operative study parameters amongst both the study groups with p values >.05 for different parameters, 0.381(Gain in vertebral height), 0.108 (pain relief), 0.846(Oswestry disability index) and 0.197(risk of cement leakage)CONCLUSIONOur study suggested that percutaneous vertebroplasty requires less operative time and is more economical than balloon kyphoplasty. Increase in intraoperative time increases the risk of infection. Though the cases of Intraoperative operative cement leakage were more in percutaneous vertebroplasty but is was not significant. However the final radiological, clinical, functional outcome and overall complications were found to be similar in both the groups. Balloon kyphoplasty provided no added benefit over percutaneous vertebroplasty. A study with larger sample size will be needed to warrant one surgical procedure superior to other in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral body compression fracture.