高频超声与X线钼靶对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值

目的 分析比较高频超声、X线钼靶单独及两者联合应用对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值.方法 体检发现乳腺包块、怀疑乳腺肿瘤的258例患者,行高频超声、X线钼靶的单独检查和联合检查,并行手术治疗.对照分析手术病理与影像学表现.结果 258例患者,手术病理证实早期乳腺恶性肿瘤135例,良性乳腺肿瘤123例.对于诊断早期乳腺癌,联合检查的敏感性优于单独的高频超声检查或X线钼靶检查(P<0.05),准确性优于X线钼靶检查(P<0.05),特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、假阳性、假阴性等指标3组间均无显著差异(P均>0.05).对于早期乳腺癌患者,高频超声和X线钼靶相比,检出的钙化灶较少(18.3% vs 36.5%,P<0.01),能够发现更多的乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移(69.0% vs 33.3%,P<0.01).结论 高频超声与X线钼靶的单独和联合检查对于早期乳腺恶性肿瘤均为可靠的影像学诊断方法,联合应用诊断早期乳腺癌具有较高的敏感性和准确性.     

Imaging and management of nonpalpable lesions of the breast

Mammography remains the primary imaging modality for the evaluation of breast disease. Its performance level is clearly related to strict quality control measures and comprehensive diagnostic imaging. Ultrasonography remains an adjunct tool for analysing nonpalpable and palpable masses; diagnostic criteria for benign lesions must be strictly applied. Reliable histologic diagnosis is possible with percutaneous large needle core biopsies; benign findings should always be correlated with imaging data and follow-up is essential to detect delayed false negatives. MR imaging is still under evaluation for most indications. Its high sensitivity and negative predictive value are of particular interest for the detection or elimination of breast cancer in selected populations.     

PET-CT与钼靶X线、B超定性诊断乳腺癌的临床对比研究

目的 探讨18F-氟代脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)PET-CT诊断乳腺癌的临床应用价值。方法 60例临床怀疑乳腺癌的患者分别行B超、钼靶X线乳腺摄影和PET-CT检查。结合术后病理,比较PET-CT、B超、钼靶X线乳腺摄影诊断乳腺癌的结果。结果 手术病理证实乳腺癌48例,良性病变12例。PET-CT目测法诊断乳腺癌的灵敏度、特异度、准确率及阳性预测值分别为93.8%、83.3%、91.7%及95.7%,钼靶X线法分别为81.3%、83.3%、81.7%及95.1%,B超法分别为85.4%、83.3%、85.0%及95.3%。三种方法对乳腺癌的诊断效能无显著差异性(χ2=3.40,P>0.5)。结论 18F-FDGPET-CT诊断乳腺癌具有很好的临床应用价值,并能对乳腺癌的分期提供更多的信息。     

Differentiation of benign and malignant breast lesions: A comparison between automatically generated breast volume scans and handheld ultrasound examinations

Objective

To assess the diagnostic value of automated breast volume scanning (ABVS) or conventional handheld ultrasonography (HHUS) for the differentiation of benign and malignant breast lesions.

Materials and methods

The study prospectively evaluated 239 lesions in 213 women who were scheduled for open biopsy. The patients underwent ABVS and conventional HHUS. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, false positive rate, false negative rate, and positive and negative predictive values for HHUS and ABVS images were calculated using histopathological examination as the gold standard. Additionally, diagnostic accuracy was further evaluated according to the size of the masses.

Results

Among the 239 breast lesions studied, pathology revealed 85 (35.6%) malignant lesions and 154 (64.4%) benign lesions. ABVS was similar to HHUS in terms of sensitivity (95.3% vs. 90.6%), specificity (80.5% vs. 82.5%), accuracy (85.8% vs. 85.3%), positive predictive value (73.0% vs. 74.0%), and negative predictive value (93.3% vs. 94.1%). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, which is used to estimate the accuracy of the methods, demonstrated only minor differences between HHUS and ABVS (0.928 and 0.948, respectively).

Conclusions

The diagnostic accuracy of HHUS and ABVS in differentiating benign from malignant breast lesions is almost identical. However, ABVS can offer new diagnostic information. ABVS may help to distinguish between real lesions and inhomogeneous areas, find small lesions, and demonstrate the presence of intraductal lesions. This technique is feasible for clinical applications and is a promising new technique in breast imaging.     

高频超声对乳腺小肿块鉴别诊断的价值

目的:评价高频超声二维征象及彩色多普勒血流指标在乳腺小肿块鉴别诊断中的价值。方法:使用高频超声诊断仪观察196个长径小于2 cm的乳腺肿块的二维超声特征(包括病灶形态,病灶内部,病灶后方有无衰减及有无微小钙化灶),然后使用彩色多普勒对病变进行多普勒血流参数测定(包括血流丰富度、PSV、RI、PI)。比较二维超声征象及彩色多普勒血流参数在乳腺良、恶性肿块中的差异并对其诊断敏感性、特异性加以分析。结果:病灶形态、病灶内部、病灶后方及有无微小钙化灶良、恶性病变间均有显著性差异。恶性肿块PSV、RI、PI值均明显高于良性肿块。结论:彩色多普勒超声血流参数测定对乳腺良、恶肿块的鉴别诊断具有重要的参考价值,与肿块的二维声像图征象相结合可提高乳腺肿块的超声诊断准确率。     

Preoperative 3T MR imaging of rectal cancer: local staging accuracy using a two-dimensional and three-dimensional T2-weighted turbo spin echo sequence

PURPOSE: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the image quality and diagnostic performance of two-dimensional (D) turbo spin echo (TSE) and 3D T2-weighted TSE MR imaging in local staging of rectal cancer at 3T. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 3T phased-array MR imaging was performed in 36 consecutive patients with biopsy-proven rectal cancer. High-resolution 2D TSE images in three planes and 3D TSE images of the rectum were obtained. Two independent observers performed an image quality assessment using eight image quality characteristics. All 2D and 3D datasets were evaluated separately. MR images were prospectively evaluated by two experienced radiologists in consensus with regard to local disease. Total mesorectal excision was used as the standard of reference. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and overall accuracy were calculated. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) were determined. RESULTS: Twenty-two patients who underwent a total mesorectal excision were enrolled in this study. Significantly more motion artifacts were present with 3D TSE imaging (P=0.04). The overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of muscularis propria invasion in rectal cancer using 2D T2-weighted images were 100%, 66%, and 95%, respectively. There was a statistical significant greater AUC using 2D T2-weighted images compared to 3D T2-weighted MR images (P=0.04). The ROC curves describing the results of the interpretation of 2D and 3D T2-weighted datasets regarding perirectal tissue invasion showed no statistical significant difference (P=0.41). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, high local staging accuracies with 3T 2D T2-weighted MR imaging were demonstrated. 3D T2-weighted MR imaging cannot replace 2D MR imaging for local staging of rectal cancer. However, 3D MR imaging can be used for visualization of the complex pelvic anatomy for treatment planning purposes.     

3D imaging with an isocentric mobile C-arm

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the image quality of the new 3D imaging system (ISO-C-3D) for osteosyntheses of tibial condylar fractures in comparison with spiral CT (CT). Sixteen human cadaveric knees were examined with a C-arm 3D imaging system and spiral computed tomography. Various screws and plates of steel and titanium were used for osteosynthesis in these specimens. Image quality and clinical value of multiplanar (MP) reformatting of both methods were analyzed. In addition, five patients with tibial condylar fractures were examined for diagnosis and intra-operative control. The image quality of the C-arm 3D imaging system in the cadaveric study was rated as significantly worse than that of spiral CT with and without prostheses. After implantation of prostheses an increased incidence of artifacts was observed, but the diagnostic accuracy was not affected. Titanium implants caused the smallest number of artifacts. The image quality of ISO-C is inferior to CT, and metal artifacts were more prominent, but the clinical value was equal. ISO-C-3D can be useful in planning operative reconstructions and can verify the reconstruction of articular surfaces and the position of implants with diagnostic image quality.     

Stereotactic and sonographic large-core biopsy of nonpalpable breast lesions: results of the Radiologic Diagnostic Oncology Group V study

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of stereotactically and sonographically guided core biopsy (CB) for the diagnosis of nonpalpable breast lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-two institutions enrolled 2,403 women who underwent imaging-guided fine needle aspiration followed by imaging-guided large-CB of nonpalpable breast abnormalities. All mammograms were reviewed for study eligibility by one of two breast imaging radiologists. The protocol for image-guided biopsy, using either ultrasound (USCB) or stereotactic (SCB) guidance, was standardized at all institutions and all biopsy specimens were over-read by one of three expert pathologists. Patients with atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), atypical lobular hyperplasia, or lobular neoplasia on CB underwent surgical excision. Those with negative CB but suspicious ("discordant") pre-biopsy mammography also underwent surgical excision. Patients having a negative CB that was concordant with the pre-biopsy mammography suspicion were assigned to follow-up mammography at 6, 12, and 24 months following CB. RESULTS: A gold standard diagnosis based on definitive histopathologic diagnosis, mammography follow-up, or an imputed gold standard diagnosis was established for 1,681 patients. Of 310 cases with a gold standard diagnosis of invasive breast carcinoma, 261 (84.2%) were invasive carcinoma, 31 (10%) were ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), four (1.3%) were ADH, one (0.3%) was a non-breast cancer, and 13 (4.2%) were benign on CB. For 138 cases with a gold standard diagnosis of DCIS, 113 (81.9%) were DCIS, 20 (14.5%) were ADH, and five (3.6%) were benign on CB. For 57 cases (13 masses, 44 calcifications) with an initial CB diagnosis of ADH, atypical lobular hyperplasia or lobular neoplasia, 20 (35.1%) had a gold standard diagnosis of DCIS (4 masses, 16 calcifications) and four (7.0%) had a gold standard diagnosis of invasive cancer (4 calcifications). Of 144 cases (22 masses, 122 calcifications) with an initial CB diagnosis of DCIS, 31 (21.5%) had a gold standard diagnosis of invasive cancer (10 masses, 21 calcifications). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for CB by either imaging guidance method in this trial were .91, 1.00, and .98, respectively. The sensitivity, predictive value negative, and accuracy of CB for diagnosing masses (.96, .99, and .99, respectively) were significantly greater (P < .001) than for calcifications (.84, .94, and .96, respectively). The sensitivity (.89) of SCB for diagnosing all lesions was significantly lower (P = 0.029) than that of USCB (.97) because of the preponderance of calcifications biopsied by SCB versus USCB. There was no difference between USCB and SCB in sensitivity, predictive value negative, or accuracy for the diagnosis of masses (97.3, 98.9, and 99.2, respectively for USCB; 95.6, 98.5, and 98.9 respectively for SCB). CONCLUSION: Percutaneous, imaged-guided core breast biopsy is an accurate diagnostic alternative to surgical biopsy in women with mammographically detected suspicious breast lesions.     

Characterization of microcalcification: can digital monitor zooming replace magnification mammography in full-field digital mammography?

The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy and image quality of microcalcifications in zoomed digital contact mammography with digital magnification mammography. Three radiologists with different levels of experience in mammography reviewed 120 microcalcification clusters in 111 patients with a full-field digital mammography system relying on digital magnification mammogram (MAG) images and zoomed images from contact mammography (ZOOM) using commercially available zooming systems on monitors. Each radiologist estimated the probability of malignancy and rated the image quality and confidence rate. Performance was evaluated by sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. All three radiologists rated MAG images higher than ZOOM images for sensitivity with statistical significance (average value, 92% vs. 87%, P < 0.05) and performance by ROC analysis improved with MAG imaging. The confidence rate for diagnosis decision and the assessment of lesion characteristics were also better in MAG images than in ZOOM images with statistical significance (P < 0.0001). Digital magnification mammography can enhance diagnostic performance when characterizing microcalcifications. Images zoomed from digital contact mammography cannot serve as an alternative to direct magnification digital mammography. This work was supported by the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD) (KRF-2007-313-E00363).     

数字乳腺X线摄影:男性乳腺疾病诊断的推荐检查可行性分析

目的 基于敏感性、特异性等指标的评价,探讨数字乳腺X线摄影及超声对男性乳腺病变的诊断价值.方法 选取79例行乳腺X线摄影检查的男性乳腺肿块病例,部分病例同时行超声检查(62例).乳腺病灶评价依据2013版BI-RADS,通过2位高年资乳腺放射医师对征象进行分析后作出BI-RADS分类,并将BI-RADS 4a类以上定义...     

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in recurrent breast masses following conservative surgery and radiation therapy

Purpose

The purpose of our study was to assess the value of functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) in evaluating patients with recurrent cancer breast after breast conservative therapy (BCT) and radiation therapy by the presence of the choline-containing compounds (Cho) as a marker of malignancy.

Patients and methods

Twenty-six patients were included in the study all the patients were subjected to previous BCT and associated radiation therapy. All of them were suspected to have tumor recurrence by clinical examinations, periodic mammographic examination and or ultrasonography. All the patients were submitted to dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) followed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at 1.5 T MRI machine.

Results

Local recurrence was confirmed by histopathology in 19 patients, MRS detected 18 patients with sensitivity of 94.7%, false positive was seen in one patient in whom histopathology revealed inflammatory mastitis (specificity 85.7%). One patient was false negative diagnosed by histopathology as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) with negative predictive value of 85.7% and overall accuracy of 92.3%.

Conclusion

In our study breast MRS using choline (Cho) integral was accurate in evaluating patients with recurrent breast masses after BCT and radiation therapy. It reaches a high level of diagnostic performance.     

X线摄影和超声检查对早期乳腺癌诊断的价值

目的:探讨单独与联合应用X线乳腺摄影(MMG)及彩色多谱勒超声(US)检查对于早期乳腺癌的诊断价值.方法:收集27例经病理证实的早期乳腺癌(病灶直径≤20mm)病例,回顾性分析经单独采用MMG或US检查以及两者联合应用对于诊断结果的准确程度.结果:X线乳腺摄影及彩色多谱勒超声单项检查对早期乳腺癌的检出率无明显差异(均为85.2%),而联合应用X线乳腺摄影及超声检查对早期乳腺癌的检出率(92.6%)明显优于单项检查的检出率(85.2%),两者检出率的差别无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:X线乳腺摄影和彩色多谱勒超声联合检查综合诊断可明显降低早期乳腺癌的漏诊率.     

自编图像数字化处理软件，提高乳癌X线诊断率（附128例分析）

目的研究自编计算机图像处理软件,提高钼靶X线片中乳癌的诊断率.材料与方法应用图像数字处理的计算机技术编制软件,对128例乳腺癌X线片(包括8例Tn级乳腺癌、19例假阳性和25例假阴性病乳腺癌)进行图像分析,并作回顾性研究.结果经处理的乳腺X线片图像清晰度明显提高,良、恶性肿瘤图像有明显的差异,早期乳腺癌微小钙化灶的显示尤为清晰.结论自编的计算机软件,应用于乳腺钼靶X线片的数字化图像处理,有利于提高早期乳腺癌诊断率.     

Comparative evaluation between external phased array coil at 3 T and endorectal coil at 1.5 T: preliminary results

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the image quality and the diagnostic accuracy of endorectal coil 1.5 T MRI (erMRI) and phased-array coil 3 T MRI (3-T MRI) in the pretherapeutic staging of prostate cancer. METHODS: Twenty-nine consecutive patients, with pathological proven prostate cancer, have been examined in the same week with both erMRI and 3-T MRI. Two radiologists independently evaluated the image quality focusing on the following points: cancer tissue conspicuity, capsular infiltration and tumor involvement of seminal vesicles, neuro-vascular bundles, and apex. The radiologists assigned to each one of the above findings an image-quality score ranging from 1 to 5 (with 1 meaning "not visible," 2 "poorly visible," 3 "fairly visible," 4 "well visible with some artifacts," and 5 "clearly visible without artifacts".) Afterwards a comparative evaluation of the mean score obtained respectively by erMRI and 3 T MRI was done. Twenty-two of these 29 patients underwent radical prostatectomy. Assuming as gold standard the pathological report from the resected specimen, we compared the diagnostic accuracy of 3TMRI and erMRI in differentiating between tumors confined within the prostate gland (stage相似文献   

腹腔镜胆囊切除术前MRCP诊断胆总管结石的检查方案优化研究

目的通过比较7个磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)序列在不同配合度情况下图像质量及对胆总管结石的诊断性能,优化腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)术前MRCP检查方案。资料与方法 125例行7个序列的MRCP检查,根据患者不同的屏气与呼吸触发配合度分成9组。两名放射科医师使用双盲法对二维图像质量进行评价,使用单因素方差分析。同时计算7个序列诊断胆总管结石的敏感性、特异性、假阳性率、假阴性率、总的诊断正确率。结果9组7个MRCP序列二维图像质量评分差别有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。B1R1组FIESTA 2D B、FIESTA 3DB、FRFSE 2D R、SSFSE 2D B Thk图像质量好;B1R2组与B1R3组FIESTA 2D B、FIESTA 3D B、SSFSE 2D B Thk图像质量好;B2R1组FRFSE 2D R、SSFSE 2D B Thk图像质量好;B2R2组与B2R3组SSFSE 2D B Thk、FIESTA 2D B、FI-ESTA 3D B、SSFSE 2D B Thn、FRFSE 3D B图像质量好;B3R1组FRFSE 2D R图像质量最好;B3R2组与B3R3组FI-ESTA 2D B、SSFSE 2D B Thk图像质量好。7个序列诊断胆总管结石的敏感性、特异性、假阳性率、假阴性率、总的诊断正确率分别为FRFSE 3D R,72%、98%、2%、28%、89.5%;FRFSE 2D R,92.6%、100%、0%、7.4%、97.5%;FIES-TA 2D B,93.5%、97.1%、2.9%、6.5%、96%;SSFSE 2D B Thk,87.9%、81.8%、18.2%、12.1%、83.8%;FRFSE 3DB,89.7%、100%、0%、10.3%、96.8%;FIESTA 3D B,82.1%、100%、0%、17.9%、94.6%;SSFSE 2D B Thn,90.9%、97%、3%、9%、95%。结论 LC术前诊断胆总管结石的MRCP优化检查方案为:呼吸触发配合度达到一级优先使用FRFSE 2D R;呼吸触发配合度不能达到一级的建议使用FIESTA 2D B。     

乳腺肿块的高频及彩色多普勒超声诊断与病理对照分析

目的探讨高频声像图与彩色多普勒血流(CDFI)对乳腺良恶性肿块的诊断价值,尤其是乳腺增生症的高频声像图所见与病理组织类型的关系,以提高超声对乳腺肿块的诊断符合率。方法对196例乳腺肿块患者的高频声像图及彩色多普勒血流作详细观察记录,将乳腺肿块分为3组,即乳腺增生病81例、乳腺癌70例、乳腺纤维腺瘤45例,与病理学组织类型进行对比研究。结果乳腺增生病,乳腺癌,乳腺纤维腺瘤的高频声像图表现,如肿块的边界、内部回声、肿块数目、钙化、衰减及彩色血流的表现,与病理对照均有不同的特征性表现,但也有一部分有重复交叉的表现。各组肿块的敏感性,特异性,准确率,阴性及阳性预测值,乳腺增生组敏感性89%,特异性96.5%,准确率93%,阴性预测值93%,阳性预测值95%;乳腺癌敏感性89%,特异性94%,准确率92%,阴性预测值96%,阳性预测值89%;乳腺纤维腺瘤敏感性89%,特异性93%,准确率92%,阴性预测值96%,阳性预测值80%。结论乳腺肿块的高频声像图与病理组织学类型对照具有特征性表现,结合CDFI有很大的临床应用价值,可提高诊断乳腺肿块的诊断符合率。     

The current status of breast MR imaging. Part I. Choice of technique, image interpretation, diagnostic accuracy, and transfer to clinical practice

Compared with mammography and breast ultrasonography, contrast material-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a breast imaging technique that offers not only information on lesion cross-sectional morphology but also on functional lesion features such as tissue perfusion and enhancement kinetics. After an enthusiastic start to clinical breast MR imaging in the early 1990s, a variety of difficulties and obstacles were identified that hampered the transfer of the modality into clinical practice, including a lack of standardization regarding image acquisition and interpretation guidelines, a lack of MR-compatible interventional materials, and a lack of evidence regarding its diagnostic accuracy--particularly specificity and positive predictive value, as well as sensitivity for ductal carcinoma in situ. This article is the first of two on the current status of breast MR imaging. The pathophysiologic basis of breast MR and the effects on acquisition technique and diagnostic accuracy, the diverging demands of high spatial and temporal resolution, and the different approaches that exist for image acquisition are reviewed. Advantages and disadvantages of different pulse sequence parameters are discussed to help radiologists make a balanced and informed decision regarding choice of image acquisition protocol. Imaging findings in common benign and malignant changes are described, and current concepts for differential diagnosis, including the MR Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System lexicon, are discussed. Furthermore, obstacles that impeded the technique's transfer into clinical practice are discussed, and the progress made in recent years, especially regarding the development of guidelines, procedural standardization, and MR-guided interventions are outlined.     

彩色多普勒超声与MR诊断乳腺病变的临床价值分析

目的：比较彩色多普勒超声、磁共振动态增强对乳腺病变的临床诊断价值。方法收集经手术与病理证实的95例同时做过超声与M R的101个乳腺病灶,对其二维声像图及CDFI特点与磁共振动态增强影像学表现,对照病理结果进行回顾性分析。结果彩色多普勒与MR动态增强扫描对乳腺良恶性病变定性诊断准确率分别为：超声良性病变诊断正确率73．3％,恶性病灶诊断正确率87．3％;M R良性病变诊断正确率84．3％,恶性病灶诊断正确率92．7％。95个患者共检出101处病灶,其中乳腺癌67例,占66％;纤维瘤23例,占23％,炎性肉芽肿4例,占4％;分叶状肿瘤2例,占2％;囊腺瘤1例,占1％;乳头状瘤4例,占4％。结论超声检查诊断准确性高,适用于乳腺疾病的常规检查;MR空间分辨力及软组织分辨力高,适用于超声检查难以定性的病变及乳腺癌的术前评估。     

多层螺旋CT和三维屏气MR冠状动脉成像的对比研究

目的比较16层螺旋CT（16 multi-detector CT,16-MDCT）冠状动脉血管造影（CTA）和三维屏气冠状动脉MR血管造影（MRA）的图像质量以及诊断冠状动脉显著性狭窄（＞50%）的准确性.方法40例疑有冠心病患者在3 d内均行冠状动脉CTA和MRA检查,其中31例患者在2周内行冠状动脉造影检查.将冠状动脉分成9个节段（右冠状动脉近、中、远段,左冠状动脉主干,前降支近、中、远段和旋支近、远段）,由2名影像科医生共同对各个节段的图像质量按0～4级评分,比较CTA和MRA上各个节段的图像质量.以冠状动脉造影为标准,计算并比较CTA和MRA诊断31例冠状动脉显著性狭窄（＞50%）各项准确性指标.结果CTA在右冠状动脉中段的图像质量低于MRA,右冠状动脉近段二者无区别,其他节段均优于MRA.冠状动脉造影显示31例患者共有43个节段狭窄＞50%,CTA和MRA分别正确诊断出36和27个,其敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为83%、84%、49%、97%和63%、90%、55%、93%.结论除右冠状动脉中段,CTA大部分节段的图像质量优于MRA.CTA诊断冠状动脉显著性狭窄的敏感性高于MRA,但特异性低于MRA.冠状动脉CTA和MRA均表现了较高的阴性预测值,对排除冠状动脉狭窄具有临床价值.     

男性乳腺疾病的超声诊断

目的探讨男性乳腺常见疾病的声像图表现,以提高其诊断水平。方法 82例经超声检查并经临床证实的男性乳腺疾病,包括乳腺发育症65例,乳腺炎7例,乳腺癌5例,乳腺纤维腺瘤2例,乳腺脂肪瘤3例,对所有患者的声像图表现进行了回顾性分析。结果声像图显示男性乳腺疾病随病种而有不同表现,乳腺发育症呈弥漫型与结节型低回声区;乳腺癌呈边界不清和内部回声不均匀的病灶,常伴灶内微小钙化;急性乳腺炎表现为乳头周围局限性低回声区,边界清楚,回声均匀,而慢性乳腺炎表现为乳房内不均质低回声区;乳腺纤维腺瘤表现为椭圆形实质低回声光团,边缘光整;乳腺脂肪瘤表现为边界清楚的扁椭圆形稍高或低回声光团。本组2例慢性乳腺炎误诊为乳腺癌。诊断敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为100%,97.4%,96.3%,71.4%,97.4%。结论超声检测能直观显示男性乳腺病变的部位、大小、形态、内部回声及血流显像特征,有助于鉴别良性与恶性病变。