剖宫产率上升的因素分析

目的分析剖宫产率升高的原因,寻求解决问题的办法,严格掌握剖宫产的手术指征,使诊治更为科学,确保母婴健康。方法对1996年1月1日￣2005年10月31日在我院进行剖宫产手术分娩的1570例病例进行回顾性分析,总结分析剖宫产率上升的原因及因素变迁,并提出相应的对策。结果剖宫产率呈逐年上升趋势,尤其近5￣6年来,上升明显,究其原因,胎儿窘迫、头盆不称、孕妇精神因素及部分社会因素为主要因素。结论加强围产期宣教,认真做好孕产期监护,医患之间加强沟通,减少医患纠纷,严格掌握剖宫产指征,以最大限度地降低剖宫产率和母婴死亡率。     

降低剖宫产率的对策

目的 分析我院剖宫产率上升的原因，探讨降低剖宫产率的对策。方法 统计2001—2005年我院产科住院分娩总数及剖宫产数，就剖宫产率及剖宫产指征进行回顾性分析。结果 剖宫产率有逐年上升趋势；剖宫产的指征掌握的宽松，社会因素是剖宫产率上升的主要原因。结论 应严格掌握剖宫产的指征，降低以社会因素为指征的剖宫产率势在必行。     

3425例剖宫产手术指征分析、母儿预后及护理对策

目的分析剖宫产率上升的原因及母儿预后的变化,探讨降低剖宫产率的对策。方法选择10年间剖宫产病例3425例,分析手术指征变化。结果 （1）剖宫产率逐年上升;（2）2000年至2004年,剖宫产指征以难产占第1位,而2005年至2009年以社会因素、胎儿窘迫占第1、2位。（3）剖宫产的上升,围产儿窒息及死亡率并没有明显下降。结论社会因素、胎儿窘迫是剖宫率增加的主要原因。诊断明确,正确处理难产,严格掌握剖宫产指征,加强孕期宣传保健,促进医患沟通理解,进行心理调控是降低剖宫产率的关键。     

南充市孕妇剖宫产率及指征变化的临床分析

目的:探讨1995年1月至2004年12月在我院分娩者的剖宫产率及指征的变化.方法:回顾分析10年来剖宫产病例的临床资料.结果:剖宫产率逐年升高,1995～1999年为20.13%,2000～2004年上升至39.67%,1999年以前,剖宫产指征以胎儿宫内窘迫为第1位,难产为第2位;1999年以后,社会、精神因素跃为首位,胎儿宫内窘迫次之.结论:剖宫产率上升的主要原因是无医学指征行剖宫产术增加所致,与医患双方有关,降低手术率的关键是减少社会因素和精神因素导致的剖宫产，并严格掌握手术指征.     

剖宫产率与适应证1518例临床分析

目的探讨剖宫产率升高原因与剖宫产指征变化。方法选择2008年1月至2012年12月剖宫产孕妇1518例，分析剖宫产率升高的原因及剖宫产指征变化的关系。结果剖宫产率逐年增加；剖宫产指征中，以难产为手术指征行剖宫产率下降，以胎儿窘迫及社会因素为手术指征的剖宫产率明显增加。结论剖宫产率上升的因素不单纯是医学问题，也是社会问题，通过医务人员严格掌握剖宫产指征、孕妇及家属和社会的共同努力是可以降低的。     

10年间剖宫产指征构成比顺位性变化的因素分析

目的寻找剖宫产率上升的原因，提高产科质量，降低剖宫产率。方法通过对10年间剖宫产病例进行回顾性分析，研究剖宫产指征的变迁。结果剖宫产指征中，社会因素上升为第1位，并明显高于传统手术指征。结论以社会因素为主要手术指征的剖宫产率上升是不合理的，严格掌握剖宫产指征是降低剖宫产率的重要措施。     

剖宫产手术指征分析

目的:分析近几年剖宫产手术指征,探讨降低剖宫产率的对策.方法:对我院2006年～2009年行剖宫产手术孕妇临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果:我院剖宫产率逐年上升.头盆因素、胎犯罪素、产妇因素和社会因素是剖宫产的主要指征,其中社会因素是我院剖宫产率升高的最主要原因.结论:严格掌握剖宫产指征,加强产前宣教,减少社会因素的干扰是降低剖宫产率的关键.     

近10年剖宫产率和剖宫产指征的变化

目的:探讨近10年剖宫产率升高原因及手术指征变化。方法:回顾性分析剖宫产率及手术指征变化情况。结果:剖宫产率居高不下,其手术指征中相对头盆不称、胎儿宫内窘迫、社会因素以及瘢痕子宫等原因明显提高。结论:剖宫产率不断上升,从医生方面而言,放松了剖宫产手术指征。从患者方面来说,由于对分娩疼痛的畏惧,不少孕妇会出现恐惧心理,担心出现胎儿窘迫,甚至胎死宫内,加之有社会因素影响,而拒绝阴道试产。降低剖宫产率,加强孕妇管理及产前检查,加强医患沟通,加强医务人员阴道助产技术的培训,严格掌握剖宫产指针。     

剖宫产率居高不下的原因分析

目的 总结和统计我院近6年来的剖宫产指征和剖宫产率,从而分析妇产科剖宫产率上升的原因,探讨降低剖宫产率的措施. 方法 对于1999年～2005年剖宫产指征及剖宫产率进行统计及对2005年210例社会因素剖宫产的病例进行回顾性分析. 结果 社会因素已成为剖宫产率上升的主要原因.惧怕疼痛不愿试产、医生害怕医疗纠纷对剖宫产指征掌握不严、选择出生日、高龄初产、珍贵儿是社会因素剖宫产的主要原因. 结论 普及妊娠分娩知识,严格掌握剖宫产指征,转变产时服务模式,消除心理害怕因素,为自然分娩创造有利条件,降低剖宫产率.     

10年剖宫产率及剖宫产指征的临床分析

目的探讨10年间剖宫产率及剖宫产指征的变化和降低剖宫产率的临床措施。方法回顾性分析10年间我院住院分娩病例资料。结果①剖宫产率逐年上升。②剖宫产指征变化中社会因素呈显著上升,并逐年升高。结论剖宫产率逐年升高的主要原因系社会因素行剖宫产增多引起,应严格掌握剖宫产指征,医患双方及社会共同努力,减少因社会因素引起的剖宫产,才能有效的降低剖宫产率。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.