电磁脉冲辐射对小鼠睾丸结构的影响

目的 :探讨不同场强的电磁脉冲辐射对睾丸结构的影响。方法 :二级昆明雄性小鼠 114只 ,随机分为辐射组和对照组。辐射组小鼠分别接受 8× 10 3 ,2× 10 4,6× 10 4V/m电磁脉冲 5次重复全身照射 ,于照射后 6h ,1d ,3d ,7d ,14d和 2 8d观察睾丸和附睾病理学改变。结果 :3种场强的电磁脉冲辐射均未引起小鼠肛温和阴囊皮肤温度的明显升高 ,但睾丸却发生显著的各级生精细胞水肿、坏死和脱落 ,曲细精管内成熟精子稀少和缺失 ;最敏感的靶细胞是精原细胞和精子细胞 ;周边部曲细精管病变最明显 ;病变的严重程度与场强的大小呈正相关。结论 :8× 10 3 ～ 6× 10 4V/m电磁脉冲 5次重复全身照射小鼠 ,可引起小鼠睾丸严重的非热效应性生精细胞结构损伤。     

胚胎发生中适应性反应:(Ⅱ)产前照射小鼠出生后发育障碍

目的 :将产前接受 X射线低剂量照射后 1天再给予大剂量照射 ,观察产后小鼠发育和行为的适应性反应。方法 :将 ICR孕鼠分成未照射 (对照 )组 ,妊娠 11天经0 .3Gy照射组 ,妊娠 11天经 0 .3Gy照射 第 2天又经 5 Gy照射组和妊娠 12天经 5 Gy照射组。观察前 3组仔鼠以下生物终点指标 :1生存率和出生后 180天内体重变化 ;2身体标志 :耳廓分离、眼睛睁开、门牙长出情况 ;3新生儿反射 :正位面反射、负趋地性反射 ;4感觉功能 :视觉空间、听觉惊跳实验 ;5成年行为实验 :开放区域实验、洞板探查实验。结果 :单纯 5 Gy照射无生存小鼠。 0 .3Gy 5 G…     

角质细胞生长因子减轻一次辐射照射引起的口腔粘膜炎

目的 :确定重组人角质细胞生长因子 (rh KGF)对模拟的事故性一次辐射剂量诱发的急性口腔炎的作用。方法 :用 2 5 k V X射线一次照射 C3H/ Neu小鼠舌下端中间表面上皮 (3× 3mm2 )。实验分组 :A,单独给予 KGF连续7d;B,单独一次照射 6～ 15 Gy;C,一次照射 7.5～ 2 6 Gy加KGF处理 ,并按 KGF给予时间不同分为 :1照前 4～ 2 d;2照前 3～ 1d;3照射当天至照后第 2天 ;4照射当天至照后第5天 ;5照前第 3天至照射当天及照后第 1天。每个实验用10只小鼠。KGF:临用前新鲜配制为 1mg/ m L ,每日一次皮下注射 5 mg/ kg体重。观察小鼠舌粘膜溃疡…     

生血管生长因子对C3H小鼠小肠的体内辐射防护效果

目的:评价生血管生长因子(成纤维细胞生长因子FGF1、FGF2及血管内皮生长因子VEGF)能否改变全身照射后C3H小鼠小肠的辐射效应。方法:18～10周龄雌性C3H/He小鼠,体重为21～25g,用137Csγ射线全身照射,剂量率为1Gy/min。生血管生长因子通过静脉给予,静脉注射无菌生理盐水的小鼠和假照射的小鼠作为对照。2经14Gy照后1小时的小鼠给予生血管生长因子3～12μg/小鼠,3.5天测定其小肠每横断面的隐窝数。3经7～16Gy照前24小时或照后1小时的小鼠给予生血管生长因子6μg/小鼠,测定LD50/30和LD50/6。4经12～18Gy照前24小时或照后1小时的小鼠给…     

消炎痛对小鼠造血组织的辐射防护作用

作者探讨消炎痛(INDO)对造血组织的辐射防护作用及其机理.方法:1.小鼠(雌性,C3Hf/kam,3月龄)受250kV的X线全身照射6.6～8.9Gy,剂量率为1.7Gy/min,分别测定INDO组(照前饮用35μg/ml INDO溶液6天)与对照组的LD50/30)2.小鼠X线照射6.5～9.5Gy,分INDO组(照前或照后饮用INDO溶液1～6天)与对照组,照前30min均腹腔注射WR-2721(400mg/kg),照后第9天测定内源脾结节数;3.INDO组(饮用INDO溶液6天)与对照组小鼠各照射1.5、2、3、4、5及6Gy,照后立即制备双侧股骨骨髓细胞悬液,以2×10~4～2.8×10~6的细胞数静脉注射给受8.5Gy照后1天的小鼠,注射后8天测定外源脾结节数.结果:1.INDO组与对照组内源脾结节数均随     

中子及γ射线照射对小鼠肠道EGF及EGFR表达的影响

目的研究小鼠经中子及γ射线照射后肠组织中EGF和EGFR的表达变化及其意义。方法350只二级雄性BALB／C小鼠，经不同剂量的中子和γ射线照射，于照后6h、12h及1、2、3、4、5、7、10、14、21、28天分批活杀，采用免疫组化法研究EGF和EGFR在肠组织中的变化。结果肠黏膜上皮和隐窝细胞浆内EGF及EGFR表达在2．5Gy中子照后1天内增强，1～2天减少，3～7天增多，5天达高峰，14天后恢复至正常水平；4．0、5．5Gy中子及12Gy γ射线照射后6h增多，12h-4天进行性减少；5．5Gyγ射线照射后3天内增加，3天达高峰，5天后逐渐恢复。结论中子和γ射线照射后肠内源性EGF及EGFR的表达具有不同的变化规律，参与了肠放射损伤及修复的病理过程。     

藿香正气合剂对γ射线照射小鼠的防护作用研究

目的 探讨藿香正气合剂对5 Gy γ射线照射诱导的小鼠辐射损伤的防护作用。 方法 将6~8周龄的健康无特定病原体级C57BL/6J雄性小鼠按随机区组法分为正常对照组（n=10）、γ射线照射组（n=15）和γ射线照射+藿香正气合剂组（n=15）。除正常对照组外,另2组小鼠给予5 Gy γ射线一次性全身照射后1小时内,γ射线照射+藿香正气合剂组小鼠给予200 μL藿香正气合剂灌胃,对照组和单纯照射组给予200 μL 饮用水灌胃。每天给药1次,连续给药10 d,每天记录小鼠的体重变化。10 d后对小鼠进行摘眼球取血测定血常规各项指标,脱颈处死小鼠并称各脏器重量。采用t检验对组间数据进行比较。 结果 γ射线照射的2组小鼠的体重低于正常对照组小鼠,在照射后第4、6、7、8、9和10天,γ射线照射+藿香正气合剂组小鼠的体重均高于γ射线照射组,且差异均有统计学意义（t=2.138~2.529,P=0.027~0.045）。γ射线照射+藿香正气合剂组小鼠的心脏、肝脏、脾脏和胸腺的脏器指数均高于γ射线照射组,且差异均有统计学意义（t=1.768、1.894、2.085、1.992,P= 0.022、 0.023、0.038、0.044）。γ射线照射+藿香正气合剂组与γ射线照射组小鼠的脾脏和胸腺重量的差异最大,且均有统计学意义（t=2.517、2.158,P=0.028、0.029）。3组小鼠血液中血红蛋白浓度、白细胞数量和血小板数量等多项血常规指标之间有差异,且均有统计学意义（t=2.262~3.916,P=0.000~0.005）。 结论 藿香正气合剂能减缓5 Gy γ射线照射诱导的小鼠体重降低和造血系统损伤,且有一定的辐射防护作用。     

有氧运动干预父系C57BL/6J小鼠对雄性子代骨骼肌mTOR信号通路的影响

目的:探究运动干预父系小鼠对雄性子代骨骼肌mTOR信号通路的影响。方法:同窝C57BL/6J雄性小鼠(F0),自出生21天断乳后随机分为运动组(E)和安静组(C),正常饮食,运动组进行6周跑台训练,6周后两组分别与同窝安静雌性小鼠1︰1交配。运动组F1代雄性小鼠为EM组;安静组F1代雄性小鼠为CM组。F1代小鼠出生21天断乳后,分别检测其表型及骨骼肌mTOR信号通路分子的表达变化。结果:(1) EM组小鼠体重、抓力、股四头肌湿重及股四头肌湿重/体重比值较CM组均显著增加(P<0.05);(2)EM组小鼠股四头肌细胞的横截面积较对照组增加30.26%(P<0.05);(3) EM组小鼠股四头肌PI3K、Akt、mTOR以及S6K1总蛋白表达水平较CM组略有增加(P>0.05);而pAkt,pmTOR,pS6K1以及p4E-BP1蛋白表达水平较对照组显著增加(P<0.05)。结论:(1) 6周跑台运动干预父系小鼠可显著增加雄性子代小鼠的体重、抓力、股四头肌湿重及股四头肌细胞横截面积。(2) 6周跑台运动干预父系小鼠后,其雄性子代小鼠骨骼肌组织mTOR信号通路活性显著高于对照组。提示,运动干预父系小鼠促进子代雄性小鼠骨骼肌发育可能与mTOR信号通路激活密切相关。     

大剂量γ射线照射对小鼠免疫系统损伤远期影响的研究

目的 探讨亚致死剂量6Gyγ射线一次性全身照射小鼠免疫细胞对脂多糖刺激反应性的远期影响.方法 将实验小鼠分为假照射组和照射组,假照射组不接受照射,照射组给予6 Gyγ射线照射.照射后10周,分别将假照射组和照射组小鼠按组别腹腔注射脂多糖(20 mg/kg),对照组注射等量的生理盐水.分别于24 h和1 h后取材,进行外周血白细胞计数及CD4、CD8、B220细胞比例检测.取脾脏和胸腺称重,计算脏器指数.冲洗单侧股骨进行有核细胞计数.结果 与假照射刘照组小鼠相比,照射对照组小鼠的CD4细胞比例显著升高(t=2.940,P＜0.05),CD8和B220细胞比例显著下降(t=6.485和4.351,P均＜0.01).照射+脂多糖1h组小鼠的CD4 (t=2.510,P＜0.05)、CD8(t=2.862,P＜0.05)和B220(t=7.074,P＜0.01)细胞比例较假照射+脂多糖1h组小鼠显著降低,差异有统计学意义.与假照射+脂多糖24 h组小鼠相比,照射+脂多糖24 h组小鼠单侧股骨有核细胞计数显著升高,差异有统计学意义(t=2.078,P＜0.05).结论 6 Gyγ射线一次性全身照射后10周,小鼠免疫系统尚未完全恢复;与假照射组相比,在接受脂多糖刺激后照射组小鼠胸腺指数和外周血中CD8和B220细胞比例未见显著变化.辐射对小鼠免疫系统损伤的远期影响有待进一步研究.     

大肠癌细胞SW1116的放射敏感性及受照后细胞周期变化

本研究探讨低剂量辐射对小鼠红细胞免疫功能及其代谢的适应性反应。一、材料和方法1 实验动物和分组 :昆明种雄性小鼠 ,6～ 8周龄 ,体重18～ 2 2ｇ ,由山东省医学科学院提供。随机分成 3组 :①假照射对照组 ;②ＣＴＸ组 ,环磷酰胺 (ＣＴＸ) 2 0ｍｇ ｋｇ腹腔注射 ,每周 1次 ,共 4次 ;③低剂量照射 +ＣＴＸ组即辐射实验组 ,ＣＴＸ 2 0ｍｇ ｋｇ腹腔注射前 6ｈ ,预先给予 7 5ｃＧｙＸ射线全身照射 ,每周 1次 ,共 4次。每组各 2 0只 ,分组合笼饲养 ,饮水及食物不限。2 照射条件 :北京产Ｆ34 1深部Ｘ射线治疗机 ,电压 2 0 0ｋＶ ,电流 10ｍＡ …     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）