GlideScope视频影像喉镜在胸部恶性肿瘤气管插管中的应用

目的:评价GlideScope视频影像喉镜在胸部恶性肿瘤根治术患者双管腔在气管插管中的应用,观察其可操作性和临床应用的价值。方法:选择80例择期行胸部恶性肿瘤根治手术的患者,术前评估Mallampti舌咽分级。患者的体位取仰卧位,将带有隆突钩的双腔管缩型为视频镜片相一致的角度(大约60°)从口腔偏右侧进入,显示屏上可显示气管插管的全部过程。同时记录患者暴露的时间、气管插管操作时间、显示器直视下喉部暴露分级。结果:本组患者均借助喉GlideScope视频影像喉镜进行双腔管插管,喉部显露为Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,成功率为100%,2例为直接喉镜显露Ⅳ级的患者。从操作开始到满意暴露声门的时间为(24.2±10.32)s;气管插管时间(27.1±23.4)s。结论:作为一种新型气管插管工具,视频喉镜为解决临床双腔气管插管问题提供了新的思路,将有望在临床广泛应用。     

GlideScope视频喉镜在口腔颌面肿瘤患者全麻经鼻气管插管的应用

目的：比较GlideScope视频喉镜与Macintosh喉镜应用于颌面部肿瘤手术患者全麻经鼻插管的过程。方法：48例口腔颌面肿瘤择期行全麻下手术患者随机分组, 给予表面麻醉及清醒镇静后分别使用两种喉镜窥视声门, 引导行经鼻腔气管插管, 记录声门暴露时间, 插管时间、 声门暴露程度、 手法辅助及气管钳使用情况、 咽部损伤分级、 插管困难模拟评分。结果： 使用Glide?Scope缩短了插管时间 ［22 （15～33） s］ 比 ［28 （16～45） s］, P=0.032。声门暴露分级更佳, 咽喉部损伤分级降低, 插管难度评分降低。结论： GlideScope视频喉镜更适用于颌面部肿瘤患者经鼻腔气管插管。     

UE视频喉镜用于甲状腺肿瘤手术全身麻醉气管插管的临床观察

  目的  探讨UE视频喉镜在甲状腺手术麻醉中行气管插管的可行性。  方法  随机选择2011年7月至2012年1月经口气管插管全身麻醉甲状腺肿瘤手术的患者76例, ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级, 分为2组, 即: Ⅰ组(U)采用UE视频喉镜实施经口气管插管, Ⅱ组(M)常规采用麦氏(Macintosh型)直接喉镜实施经口气管插管, 年龄19~65岁, 常规麻醉诱导: 芬太尼(2~3)μg·kg -1, 异丙酚2mg·kg -1, 罗库溴铵0.6mg·kg -1。记录显露声门时间、插管时间、喉部显露情况Cormack-Lehane(C/L)分级及麻醉诱导气管插管期间不同时间点(T1、T2、T3、T4)平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)。  结果  Ⅰ组(U)满意显露声门的时间为(15.48±5.43)s, Ⅱ组(M)为(15.36+3.01)s; Ⅰ组(U)气管插管的时间为(30.20±10.31)s, Ⅱ组(M)为(30.11±14.36)s。两组麻醉诱导气管插管期间与基础值T1比较, T2及T3时段MAP降低(P < 0.05), T4时段心率增加显著(P < 0.05), 两组间差异无统计学意义(P < 0.05)。  结论  UE视频喉镜在甲状腺肿瘤手术全身麻醉行气管插管过程中能安全有效地显露声门, 气管插管刺激及损伤较小, 能解决部分临床气管插管困难的问题。      

术中置入空肠营养管在防治胃癌术后胃瘫中的应用分析

目的 探讨术中置入空肠营养管对防治胃癌术后胃瘫的作用.方法 回顾性分析进行胃癌手术治疗的125例患者的临床资料,将术中置入空肠营养管者82例作为观察组,未置入营养管者43例作为对照组,观察两组患者胃瘫发生情况、胃瘫治愈时间、胃管引流量、胃管拔管时间以及胃功能指标.结果 观察组患者术后胃瘫发生率和治愈时间分别为2.44%和(15.38±4.03)d,低于对照组的18.60%和(25.93±3.27)d,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);观察组胃功能指标中的最大耐受压力、耐受容积和顺应性分别为(23.83±7.54)kPa、(5.29±0.92)ml和(30.35±1.34),明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);观察组胃管平均引流量和拔除时间分别为(284.28±7.17)ml/d和(6.14±0.48)d,明显低于对照组的(394.16±4.28)ml/d和(7.64±0.36)d,而血清白蛋白浓度为(34.28±0.87)g/L,高于对照组的(23.12±0.79)g/L,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).结论 术中置入空肠营养管对胃癌术后发生胃瘫起到防治作用,且可缩短胃瘫治愈时间,促进胃功能恢复.     

Application of “twelve-step” approach based on SEEKflex for difficult awake tracheal intubation in patients with cervical spinal tumor

Difficult airway always occurs in patients with cervical spinal tumor. Awake tracheal intubation (ATI) is usually a primary safe approach for clinical doctors in these intractable difficult airways. It is of great significance to establish specific strategies to reduce related acute airway accidents. A novel “twelve-step” approach of awake tracheal intubation based on an improved introducer (Safe Easy Endotracheal Kit-flexible, “SEEK^flex”) was developed and practiced in model successfully. Patients with cervical spinal tumor in a single tertiary hospital were chosen to secure airway with this approach. Primary outcomes were safety and feasibility, defined as completion of ATI without serious adverse events, Secondary outcome was the first intubation attempt rate, total intubation time, satisfaction of patients in the whole process and relevant complications. We performed awake tracheal intubation with this approach to solve the difficult airway in five patients with cervical spinal tumor. The courses went successfully in all patients without any relevant complications. This novel “twelve-step” approach based on SEEK^flex for ATI can be considered as one of optional safe choices for difficult airway in patients with cervical spinal tumor.     

非小细胞肺癌患者术后外周血循环肿瘤细胞和凝血指标的关系

目的 探讨非小细胞肺癌患者术后外周血循环肿瘤细胞(CTC)与血浆D-二聚体(D-D)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、血小板(PLT)和活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)的关系.方法 选取2014年1月至2016年1月间上海市宝山区罗店医院收治的90例非小细胞肺癌术后患者作为研究组,选取同期体检的108例健康志愿者为对照组,比较两...     

吉西他滨固定速率滴注与30min滴注治疗恶性肿瘤血液学毒性比较

[目的]比较含吉西他滨固定速率（FDR）滴注方案和30min标准滴注方案治疗恶性肿瘤的血液学毒性。[方法]25例经组织病理学或细胞学诊断的恶性肿瘤患者,采用吉西他滨单药或者含吉西他滨的联合方案化疗,随机分为固定速率静脉滴注（每分钟10mg/m2）（FDR组）或30min标准滴注（标准组）,每21d重复。每个周期结束后评价患者血液学毒性。[结果]FDR组13例共完成28个周期化疗,标准组12例共完成32个周期化疗,所有患者均可评价血液学毒性。两组Ⅲ/Ⅳ度白细胞抑制有显著性差异（14.3%vs0,P=0.042）,两组Ⅲ/Ⅳ度中性粒细胞抑制、血小板抑制和血红蛋白抑制无明显差异（P〉0.05）。[结论]吉西他滨固定速率滴注治疗恶性肿瘤的血液学毒性是可耐受的。     

Comparison of the safety between cervical conization and hysterectomy for patients with cervical adenocarcinoma in situ

ObjectiveTo compare the safety between cervical conization (CC) alone and hysterectomy for patients with adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) of the cervix.MethodsPatients diagnosed with AIS after CC during 2007–2021 were identified by computerized databases at Women’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. A total of 453 AIS patients were divided into 2 groups according to uterus preservation: hysterectomy group (n=300) and CC(s) alone group (n=153). The prevalence of residual disease and disease recurrence was compared between patients treated by CC(s) alone and hysterectomy. The prevalence of residual disease in specimens from women who had a hysterectomy and repeat CC were compared between positive and negative margins of CC. The factors influencing residual disease and disease recurrence were assessed.ResultsAmong 310 specimens from women who had a hysterectomy or repeat CC, the prevalence of residual disease was 50.6% (45/89) for a positive margin and 2.3% (5/221) for a negative margin (p=0.000). Four patients had recurrence of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia in those treated by hysterectomy and one had recurrence of cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia in those treated by CC(s) alone. The prevalence of recurrence was 0.7% (1/153) for CC(s) alone and 1.3% (4/300) for hysterectomy (p=0.431). Hysterectomy did not influence residual disease or disease recurrence.ConclusionCC is an efficacious and safe option for patients with AIS of the cervix provided the margin is negative.     

Comparison of long-term survival outcomes between stereotactic body radiotherapy and sublobar resection for stage I non-small-cell lung cancer in patients at high risk for lobectomy: A propensity score matching analysis

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to perform a survival comparison between stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and sublobar resection (SLR) in patients with stage I non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at high risk for lobectomy.MethodsAll patients who underwent SBRT or SLR because of medical comorbidities for clinical stage I NSCLC were reviewed retrospectively. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to reduce selection bias between SLR and SBRT patients based on age, gender, performance status, tumour diameter, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and Charlson comorbidity index (CCI).ResultsOne hundred and fifteen patients who underwent SBRT and 65 SLR were enrolled. The median potential follow-up periods for SBRT and SLR were 6.7 and 5.3 years, respectively. No treatment-related deaths were observed. Before PSM, the 5-year overall survival (OS) was 40.3% and 60.5% for SBRT and SLR, respectively (P = 0.008). PSM identified 53 patients from each treatment group with similar characteristics: a median age of 76 years, a performance status of 0–1, a median tumour diameter of ∼20 mm, a median FEV1 of ∼1.8 L and a median CCI of 1. The difference in OS became insignificant between the matched pairs (40.4% and 55.6% at 5 years with SBRT and SLR; P = 0.124). The cumulative incidence of cause-specific death was comparable between groups (35.3% and 30.3% at 5 years, P = 0.427).ConclusionSBRT can be an alternative treatment option to SLR for patients who cannot tolerate lobectomy because of medical comorbidities.     

消化道肿瘤术后经植入式静脉港与外周静脉通路化疗患者生活质量的对比研究

目的:比较经外周静脉中心静脉置管(PICC)与植入式中心静脉输液港(VPA)在消化道肿瘤术后化疗患者中的应用,两者在生活质量及自理能力方面的差异以及影响因素分析.方法:选择2013年10月至2016年6月的收治的消化道肿瘤术后化疗患者306例,以便利抽样的方法分为PICC组(对照组,n=155)与VPA组(实验组,n=151),对比置管方式对生活质量、自理能力的差异,分析其影响因素.结果:置管前,两组患者的生活质量评分无显著差异(P>0.05),自理能力评分有差异(P<0.05);置管化疗3周期后,实验组自理能力、生活质量明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).影响两组患者生活质量的危险因素包括性别、肿瘤类型、病理分期.结论:置管前两组患者的生活质量评分无显著差异,置管后两组的自理能力和生活质量评分实验组明显高于对照组,提示VPA置管能提高患者的自理能力和生活质量,是消化道肿瘤术后化疗患者的优选深静脉置管方式.     

Benefit of sentinel lymphadenectomy for patients with nonulcerated cutaneous melanomas in the Breslow range between 0.76 and 1 mm: a follow-up study of 148 patients

Sentinel lymphadenectomy (SLNE) is now internationally accepted for the primary treatment of melanomas thicker than 1 mm. But it is still controversial whether also patients with nonulcerated melanomas in the Breslow range between 0.76 and 1 mm should be included. At the authors' department, 87 of such patients (Group A) underwent SLNE in combination with wide local excision (WLE) of their primary melanomas in the years 1995 to 2001. SLN micrometastases were found in 10 of these patients (11.5%). Radical completion lymph node dissections (CLND) were added in 4 of the 10 patients without revealing any further nodal metastases. All the 87 Group A patients remained free from recurrent disease at a median follow-up time of 74 months. The control Group B from the same department encompassed 61 consecutive stage Ia patients with melanomas in the identical Breslow range, who had undergone only WLE of their primaries without SLNE in the years 1987 to 1993 (median follow-up time 115 months). Five of these 61 patients (8.2%) developed melanoma metastases within 12 to 68 (median 19) months of follow-up, 3 of them initially in regional lymph nodes. Four of the 5 individuals died because of the final distant dissemination of the melanoma. Kaplan-Meier comparisons between Groups A and B with log-rank testing showed a significantly worse outcome of Group B with respect to recurrence-free survival (p = 0.01), regional nodal progression (p = 0.041), distant metastasis (p = 0.023) and melanoma-related mortality (p = 0.03). The overall survival was not significantly different, because expiries not related to melanoma predominated in both groups. Our data suggest that SLNE seems to nearly completely eliminate the risk of melanoma recurrences in patients with melanomas between 0.76 and 1 mm thick.     

纳布啡与羟考酮自控镇痛对非小细胞肺癌患者术后免疫因子水平影响的比较

目的 比较纳布啡与羟考酮自控静脉镇痛(Patient controlled intravenous analgesia,PCIA)对非小细胞肺癌患者术后免疫因子水平的影响。方法 选择我院择期行胸腔镜肺叶切除术的非小细胞肺癌患者80例,分为纳布啡组(N组)和羟考酮组(O组)。术后给予PCIA镇痛,配置方法:N组为1 mg/kg纳布啡+10 mg托烷司琼,O组为羟考酮20 mg+10 mg托烷司琼,均用生理盐水稀释至150 mL。分别在术前30 min(T₀)、术后4 h(T₁)、8 h(T₂)、12 h(T₃)、24 h(T₄)时抽取外周静脉血5 mL,用于测定血清IgG、IgM、IgA、TGF-β1、VEGF及IL-17水平,并计数CD4⁺、CD8⁺T细胞、NK细胞及CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值;分别在T₁、T₂、T₃、T₄时对所有患者进行VAS评分。结果 两组患者术后各时间点VAS评分、PCIA泵有效按压次数及总消耗量均无统计学差异(P＞0.05);与O组比较,N组血清IgG水平在T₁~T₄,IgM、IgA水平则在T₂~T₄时要明显更高,而TGF-β1及VEGF水平在T₂~T₄,IL-17水平在T₁~T₄时要更低,CD4⁺T、NK细胞及CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值在T₂~T₄要更高,而CD8⁺T细胞则在T₁~T₄时要更高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 纳布啡用于非小细胞肺癌患者行胸腔镜肺叶切除术后PCIA能够有效控制术后疼痛,能够增加机体免疫球蛋白及免疫细胞水平,降低肿瘤免疫抑制因子水平,减轻围术期免疫抑制程度,改善机体免疫功能。