基于均匀设计法的制川乌与生半夏配伍药效研究

目的: 研究制川乌与生半夏不同配比和剂量变化对小鼠镇痛、抗炎、祛痰、镇咳作用的影响。 方法: 采用均匀设计法,按2因素7水平以小鼠醋酸致扭体次数、二甲苯致耳肿胀度、气管酚红分泌量、氨水引咳次数为指标,观察合煎液口服给药后对小鼠镇痛、抗炎、祛痰、镇咳作用的影响,并选取有显著意义的配比和剂量进行验证。 结果: 对扭体次数和耳肿胀度的影响:合煎液能有效降低小鼠扭体次数和耳肿胀度;经回归分析可知,生半夏与制川乌存在拮抗作用,二者比例为10:1时,拮抗作用接近最大;二者比例小于等于1:1时,小鼠扭体次数和耳肿胀度随总剂量的增加先降低后升高,且制川乌比例越高,下降或升高速率越快。对气管酚红分泌量和咳嗽次数的影响:合煎液能有效增加小鼠气管酚红分泌量和减少咳嗽次数;经回归分析可知,对于小鼠气管酚红分泌量,生半夏与制川乌存在协同作用,总剂量大于5 g·kg^-1且二者比例为1:1时,合煎液对气管酚红分泌量的增加作用最明显。 结论: 制川乌与生半夏配伍能降低制川乌的镇痛和抗炎作用并增强生半夏的祛痰作用,其作用强度随配比和剂量的不同而改变。本研究为十八反中制川乌与生半夏反药组合作用的深入研究提供实验依据。     

基于均匀设计法评价瓜蒌与制川乌反药配伍组合的祛痰镇咳作用

目的:研究瓜蒌与制川乌不同配比和剂量变化对小鼠祛痰、镇咳作用的影响。方法:采用均匀设计法,按2因素7水平以小鼠气管酚红分泌量和咳嗽次数为指标,观察瓜蒌和制川乌合煎液口服给药后对小鼠祛痰、镇咳作用的影响,并选取有显著意义的配比和剂量进行验证。结果:对气管酚红分泌量的影响:合煎液多数配比能增加小鼠气管酚红分泌量;经回归分析可知,瓜蒌有祛痰作用而制川乌没有,瓜蒌与制川乌配伍存在拮抗作用,且瓜蒌-制川乌为1∶2时拮抗作用最大。对咳嗽次数的影响:合煎液所有配比均能降低咳嗽次数;经回归分析可知,瓜蒌与制川乌分别都有镇咳作用,但二者之间没有交互作用。结论:瓜蒌与制川乌配伍能拮抗瓜蒌的祛痰作用,但对镇咳效用没影响。     

罗汉果皂苷Ⅴ的镇咳、祛痰及解痉作用研究

 目的筛选罗汉果镇咳祛痰的有效部位,并进一步研究罗汉果皂苷Ⅴ的镇咳、祛痰及解痉作用。方法通过观察罗汉果水提部位、体积分数95%醇提部位及体积分数50%醇提部位对浓氨水致小鼠咳嗽次数及咳嗽潜伏期的影响,筛选出罗汉果镇咳的有效部位为体积分数50%醇提部分。进一步观察了50%醇提部分中的罗汉果皂苷Ⅴ对小鼠酚红排泄量及组胺致豚鼠离体回肠及离体气管痉挛的影响。结果罗汉果水煎剂50g生药·kg^-1,罗汉果体积分数50%醇提部位50g生药·kg^-1及罗汉果皂苷Ⅴ300,150,75mg·kg^-1能明显减少小鼠的咳嗽次数,罗汉果体积分数50%醇提部位50g生药·kg^-1及罗汉果皂苷Ⅴ300mg·kg^-1还能明显延长小鼠咳嗽潜伏期;罗汉果皂苷Ⅴ150mg·kg-1能明显增加小鼠气管酚红排泄量,提示有一定的祛痰作用;5g·L-1的罗汉果皂苷Ⅴ能明显拮抗组胺引起的回肠收缩;2.5及1.25g·L^-1剂量对组胺引起的气管痉挛有明显的拮抗作用。结论罗汉果皂苷Ⅴ显示出一定的镇咳、祛痰、解痉活性,推测为罗汉果镇咳的主要活性成分。     

天山花楸平喘胶囊镇咳、祛痰、平喘、抗炎及免疫作用研究

目的: 研究天山花楸平喘胶囊的镇咳、祛痰、抗炎、平喘及免疫调节作用。 方法: 设立模型对照组、天山花楸平喘胶囊（1,2,4 g·kg^-1）组、阳性药组。采用小鼠氨水引咳和气管酚红排泄法评价天山花楸平喘胶囊的镇咳和祛痰作用,采用2%氯化乙酰胆碱和0.1%磷酸组织胺等容积混合液致大鼠哮喘法,观察对大鼠的哮喘潜伏期;采用小鼠足肿胀法评价抗炎作用;通过碳廓清和血清溶血素的测定评价对小鼠的免疫调节作用。 结果: 天山花楸平喘胶囊能明显延长小鼠咳嗽潜伏期,减少咳嗽次数;能促进小鼠气管酚红排泌;对磷酸组胺引起的大鼠哮喘具有保护作用,使大鼠哮喘潜伏期明显延长;并极显著的抑制小鼠足跖肿胀度（P<0.01）。天山花楸平喘胶囊能显著提高小鼠的碳廓清指数（P<0.05）以及血清溶血素水平（P<0.01）。 结论: 天山花楸平喘胶囊具有良好的镇咳、祛痰、抗炎、平喘及免疫调节作用。     

基于均匀设计法评价藜芦对人参扶正功效的影响

目的: 考察不同配比及剂量条件下藜芦对人参扶正功效的影响。 方法: ICR小鼠按体重随机分为正常组、模型组及人参不同剂量给药组。小鼠ip环磷酰胺45 mg·kg^-1,隔天1次,共3次制备免疫低下小鼠模型,动物自造模第1天起给药,1次/d,共7 d,以筛选人参有效剂量范围。再采用均匀设计法,按2因素11水平分组给药,观察不同配比及剂量的人参与藜芦合煎液对模型小鼠的免疫器官（脾脏和胸腺）指数、碳廓清能力和血常规的影响。 结果: 模型组较正常小鼠体质量、脏器指数、吞噬功能、血常规均显著下降;单用人参（0.5~8.0 g·kg^-1）使脾脏指数、校正吞噬指数、WBC、RBC、Hb明显升高。均匀设计法评价藜芦对人参功效的影响。 结果: ①合煎液（人参+藜芦0.53~8.05 g·kg^-1）对免疫低下小鼠的免疫器官指数未产生明显影响;②人参∶藜芦<100∶1时,藜芦（0.031~0.13 g·kg^-1）可降低人参增强吞噬细胞功能的作用且强度与藜芦的剂量成正比,当合煎剂总剂量为3.08 g·kg^-1（人参∶藜芦 9∶1）时藜芦的拮抗作用最强;③人参∶藜芦<100∶1时,藜芦（0.034~0.13 g·kg^-1）可抵消人参增高WBC,RBC的作用但不影响其量效曲线,当合煎剂总剂量分别为4.58,3.48 g·kg^-1（人参∶藜芦 9∶1）时藜芦的拮抗作用最强,藜芦也可抵消人参增高Hb的作用使人参的量效曲线降低。 结论: 在药典剂量范围内,藜芦可降低或抵消人参的扶正功效,其作用强度随配比和剂量的不同而改变。     

北沙参不同部位提取物镇咳祛痰作用研究＊

目的 研究北沙参不同部位提取物的镇咳、祛痰作用与其高效液相色谱法（HPLC）指纹图谱之间的相互关系，揭示北沙参镇咳和祛痰的作用。方法 采用浓氨水喷雾致小鼠咳嗽实验和小鼠气管酚红排泄实验，考察北沙参总提取物（BSS总）、石油醚萃取部位（BSS-A）、乙酸乙酯萃取部位（BSS-B）、正丁醇萃取部位（BSS-C）和水取部位（BSS-D）对小鼠的咳嗽次数和气管排泄酚红量的影响，并建立相应的HPLC指纹图谱。结果 BSS总、BSS-A和BSS-B可明显降低小鼠的咳嗽频率（P＜0.01），而BSS-B和BSS-C可明显提高小鼠气管中的酚红排泄量（P＜0.01）。此外，结合HPLC分析对上述有效部位进行了谱-效关联性分析。结论 北沙参乙醇提取物具有显著的镇咳、祛痰作用，并初步探讨了北沙参不同部位提取物镇咳祛痰作用的谱-效关系。     

基于生理病理条件考察藜芦对人参抗疲劳作用的影响

目的： 通过均匀设计法考察不同生理病理条件下藜芦对人参抗疲劳作用的影响。 方法： ICR小鼠按体重随机分为正常组及气虚组,通过限制饮食加大黄泻下法制备气虚模型。采用均匀设计法,按2因素7/11水平分组给药,观察不同配比及剂量的人参与藜芦合煎液对正常及气虚小鼠低温游泳时间的影响。 结果： 对正常小鼠的影响：人参对正常小鼠抗疲劳作用的剂量范围为1.00~8.00 g·kg^-1。当人参：藜芦<100：1、人参+藜芦的总剂量在1.00~9.00 g·kg^-1范围内时,藜芦拮抗人参的抗疲劳作用随剂量及配比的增加增强,但藜芦仅降低人参的效价而不影响其效能。对气虚小鼠的影响：人参对气虚小鼠抗疲劳作用的剂量范围为0.50~8.00 g·kg^-1。当人参+藜芦的总剂量在0~90 g·kg^-1范围内,小鼠游泳时间仅与人参的剂量呈正相关,未观察到藜芦对人参抗疲劳作用的影响。 结论： 针对不同生理病理条件下的小鼠,人参抗疲劳作用所需剂量略有不同,藜芦对人参抗疲劳作用的影响也不同。     

不同产地桔梗镇咳祛痰作用比较研究

目的：比较全国桔梗主产区不同产地桔梗的镇咳祛痰作用,为客观评价桔梗质量和种植生产提供参考依据。方法：采用浓氨水喷雾致咳实验、小鼠气管酚红排泄实验,观察不同产地桔梗水提物对小鼠咳嗽和气管分泌物的影响。结果：内蒙赤峰产桔梗药材最低镇咳、祛痰有效剂量为0.2 g·kg^-1,在此给药剂量下,内蒙赤峰产桔梗可显著减少小鼠咳嗽次数（P<0.01）,并可显著延长小鼠咳嗽潜伏期（P<0.01）,四川、陕西商州、重庆产桔梗可明显减少小鼠咳嗽次数（P<0.05）,四川、陕西商州、内蒙赤峰产桔梗可明显增加小鼠酚红排泄量（P<0.05）。结论：桔梗具有明显镇咳、祛痰作用,内蒙赤峰产桔梗镇咳、祛痰作用明显强于其它产地桔梗。     

浙贝止咳颗粒镇咳祛痰及抗菌作用研究

目的:观察浙贝止咳颗粒的镇咳、祛痰、抗菌等相关药效学作用。方法:将小鼠随机分为NS、阳性药和浙贝止咳颗粒高、中、低剂量组(24.4,12.2,6.1 g.kg-1),ig 6 d,采用小鼠氨水引咳实验观察其镇咳作用,小鼠酚红排泌实验观察其祛痰作用;将大鼠随机分为NS、阳性药和浙贝止咳颗粒高、中、低剂量组(18.4,9.2,4.6 g.kg-1),ig 6 d,采用毛细管排痰实验观察其祛痰作用;体内外抗菌实验观察其对相关细菌的抗菌作用及对细菌感染的小鼠死亡保护作用。结果:浙贝止咳颗粒高、中剂量可延长氨水所致小鼠咳嗽的潜伏期,减少咳嗽次数(P<0.01);增加小鼠离体气管酚红排泌量及大鼠毛细管排痰量(P<0.05或P<0.01);对金黄色葡萄球菌(抑菌圈直径14 mm,MIC 3.9 g.L-1,MBC 7.8 g.L-1)和肺炎链球菌(抑菌圈直径16 mm,MIC 15.6 g.L-1,MBC 31.2 g.L-1)有较强的体外抗菌作用,对金黄色葡萄球菌和肺炎链球菌引起小鼠死亡有一定的保护作用(P<0.01)。结论:浙贝止咳颗粒具有明显的镇咳、祛痰、抗菌作用。     

麻姜宣肺胶囊药效学研究

目的： 观察麻姜宣肺胶囊的镇咳、祛痰、抗炎、解热和平喘作用。 方法： 将小鼠随机分为空白组、阳性药组和麻姜宣肺胶囊的高、中、低剂量组（2.49,1.24,0.62 g·kg^-1）,ig 7 d,分别采用氨水法、酚红法和小鼠耳肿胀法对麻姜宣肺胶囊的镇咳、祛痰、抗炎作用进行研究。将大鼠随机分为空白组、阳性药组、模型组和麻姜宣肺胶囊高、中、低剂量组（1.8,0.9,0.45 g·kg^-1）,采用内毒素致热实验观察其解热作用。将豚鼠随机分为空白组、阳性药组和麻姜宣肺胶囊的高、中、低剂量组（1.55,0.77,0.39 g·kg^-1）,采用整体动物引喘实验观察其平喘作用。 结果： 麻姜宣肺胶囊高、中剂量可减少小鼠咳嗽次数,延长咳嗽潜伏期（P<0.05,P<0.01）;高剂量能增加小鼠呼吸道酚红排泌量（P<0.01）;高、中、低剂量可抑制二甲苯所致的小鼠耳肿胀度（P<0.05）;高剂量可抑制脂多糖所致的大鼠体温升高（P<0.05,P<0.01）;高剂量可延长豚鼠乙酰胆碱和磷酸组胺所致的引喘潜伏期（P<0.05,P<0.01）。 结论： 麻姜宣肺胶囊具有镇咳、祛痰、抗炎、解热和平喘的作用。     

列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属植物传统药物学调查

通过野外资源调查、整理各大标本馆标本原始记录和查阅文献记载等方法,系统整理、总结、归纳了列当属、肉苁蓉属和草苁蓉属民族药用植物种类、功效及民间使用情况,结果表明列当属6种药用植物在4个少数民族间作为7种民族药应用,草苁蓉属2种药用植物在8个少数民族间作为10种民族药应用,肉苁蓉属2种药用植物在3个少数民族间作为3种民族药应用,且同种药用植物常作不同民族药;发现3属植物的传统疗效主要集中在补肾壮阳、止血和止痛3个方面,并且该传统疗效与现代药理研究结果基本吻合。因此深入研究植物种类丰富的列当属植物资源对缓解肉苁蓉植物资源匮乏局面和扩大药源具有积极意义。     

厚朴与凹叶厚朴群体遗传学研究

目的:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴的群体遗传学进行研究,为中药厚朴的质量控制提供分子生药学方面的依据。方法:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴15个居群应用2个叶绿体基因间序列psbA-trnH和trnL-trnF进行PCR扩增并测序,计算厚朴与凹叶厚朴单倍型频率,用程序HaploNst分析遗传多样性和遗传结构,应用TCS version 1.13软件构建单倍型网状进化树。结果:厚朴与凹叶厚朴均无特有单倍型存在,但单倍型频率存在显著差异,已开始出现遗传分化的趋势,NST略大于GST。结论:厚朴与凹叶厚朴在遗传上已出现遗传分化的趋势,但尚未完全分化成彼此独立的单系。     

追风伞中黄酮类成分的研究

目的:对追风伞中的黄酮类成分进行分离、鉴定。方法:追风伞干燥全草用95%乙醇溶液加热回流提取,减压回收乙醇,浓缩液依次用石油醚、氯仿萃取后,水层部分利用大孔吸附树脂、硅胶柱色谱、反相Rp-18柱色谱及重结晶等方法进行分离及纯化,并通过1H-NMR,13C-NMR,EI-MS及理化常数对分离化合物进行结构鉴定。结果:从追风伞提取物中分离鉴定9个黄酮类化合物,分别为:木犀草素(1),木犀草素-4′-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2),刺槐素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(3),芦丁(4),刺槐素(5),槲皮素(6),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7),山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(8),异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(9)。结论:所得化合物均为首次从追风伞中分离鉴定。     

In vitro activity of Tridax procumbens against promastigotes of Leishmania mexicana

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Tridax procumbens is an active herb against leishmaniasis.

Aim of the study

Leishmaniasis is a group of diseases caused by Leishmania protozoa. We investigated the antileishmanial activity of Tridax procumbens extracts and a pure compound against promastigotes of Leishmania mexicana, the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the New World.

Materials and methods

Extracts and (3S)-16,17-didehydrofalcarinol (1) were obtained by chromatographic methods from Tridax procumbens, and the latter identified by spectroscopic analysis. The effect of these extracts and 1 on the growth inhibition of promastigotes of Leishmania mexicana was evaluated. In order to test the safety of extracts and 1, mammalian cells were treated with them, and cell viability was assessed using trypan blue and MTT.

Results

We demonstrated that extracts of Tridax procumbens and 1 showed a pronounced activity against Leishmania mexicana. The methanol extract inhibited promastigotes growth of Leishmania mexicana with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of 3 μg/ml, while oxylipin 1 exhibited the highest inhibition at IC₅₀ = 0.478 μg/ml.

Conclusions

In this study we report the biological activity of extracts and (3S)-16,17-didehydrofalcarinol (1), obtained from Tridax procumbens, on the promastigote form of Leishmania mexicana, with no effect upon mammalian cells.     

Antimalarial and safety evaluation of Pluchea lanceolata (DC.) Oliv. & Hiern: In-vitro and in-vivo study

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Many of the effective therapeutic strategies have been derived from ethnopharmacologically used natural products. Pluchea lanceolata is an herb employed in Indian folk medicine for malaria like fever but it lacks proper pharmacological intervention.

Aim of the study

To evaluate antimalarial and safety profile of Pluchea lanceolata: an in-vitro, in-vivo for its ethnopharmacological validation.

Materials and methods

Methanol, butanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, hexane extracts and its isolate, taraxasterol acetate (TxAc) were obtained from air dried aerial part of Pluchea lanceolata. These were tested in-vitro against chloroquine-sensitive strain of Plasmodium falciparum NF54 by measuring the parasite specific lactate dehydrogenase activity. The most potent hexane extract and TxAc were further validated for in-vivo antimalarial and safety evaluation. TxAc, a pentacyclic-triterpene isolated from the most active fraction was further evaluated with special emphasis on inflammatory mediators involved in malaria pathogenesis. Murine malaria was induced by intra-peritoneal injection of Plasmodium berghei infected red blood cells to the male Swiss inbred mice. Mice were orally treated following Peters 4-Day suppression test. In-vivo antimalarial efficacy was examined by evaluating the parasitaemia, percent survival, mean survival time, blood glucose, haemoglobin and pro-inflammatory mediators involved in malaria pathogenesis.

Results

Hexane extract and TxAc showed promising antimalarial activity in-vitro and in-vivo condition. TxAc attributed in inhibition of the pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as afford to significant increase in the blood glucose and haemoglobin level when compared with vehicle treated infected mice. We have not observed the synergistic action of combinations of chloroquine and TxAc from our experimental results. In-vitro and in-vivo safety evaluation study revealed that hexane extract is non toxic at higher concentration.

Conclusion

Present study further validates the ancient Indian traditional knowledge and use of Pluchea lanceolata as an antimalarial agent. Study confirms the suitability of Pluchea lanceolata as a candidate for further studies to obtain a prototype for antimalarial medicine.     

In vitro and in vivo anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of Calophyllum brasiliense Camb.

Aims of the study

Calophyllum brasiliense (Camb.) is a medicinal tree that grows particularly in the hilly and forested regions of Brazil. Preparations from its stem bark are popular remedies for the treatment of chronic ulcers. Since earlier investigations on bark extracts evidenced gastroprotective and gastric acid inhibitory properties, this study evaluated the effects of hydroethanolic extract (HEECb) and the dichloromethanic fraction (DCMF), from Calophyllum brasiliense stem bark, against Helicobacter pylori, in vitro and in vivo.

Materials and methods

The in vitro assays were performed using the disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. The test substances were evaluated in vivo taking into account the delay in the gastric ulcer healing in Wistar rats, infected with Helicobacter pylori.

Results

DCMF appeared the most active and potent in vitro against Helicobacter pylori growth with an MIC of 31 μg/mL. In the in vivo assays, rats ulcerated by acetic acid, and inoculated with Helicobacter pylori showed a marked delay in ulcer healing. Treatment with HEECb (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) and DCMF (100 and 200 mg/kg) reduced the ulcerated area in a dose-dependent manner. While DCMF, at 200 mg/kg, increased the prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) level, both HEECb and DCMF decreased the number of urease-positive animals, as confirmed by the reduction of Helicobacter pylori presence in histopathological analysis.

Conclusion

The results suggest that the antiulcer activity of Calophyllum brasiliense is due, in part, to its anti-Helicobacter pylori action, validating the popular use of this species.     

暗紫贝母、栽培瓦布贝母及浙贝母药效学比较

目的:比较暗紫贝母、栽培瓦布贝母及浙贝母镇咳、祛痰及平喘作用,明确栽培瓦布贝母作为野生川贝母替代资源的可行性.方法:采用小鼠氨水引咳及豚鼠枸橼酸引咳法比较3种贝母的镇咳作用.小鼠酚红排痰法及大鼠毛细管排痰实验法比较3种贝母的祛痰作用;整体动物引喘实验法比较3种贝母的平喘作用.每个实验均分为5个组,分别为阴性对照组,阳性对照组,暗紫贝母组,栽培瓦布贝母组及浙贝母组.阴性组采用蒸馏水或生理盐水灌胃5d.镇咳实验中3种贝母的剂量分别为2.5g·kg-1·d-1(小鼠),1.5g·kg-1·d-1(豚鼠);祛痰实验中3种贝母的剂量分别为2 g·kg-1·d-1(小鼠),1 g·kg-1·d-1(大鼠),平喘实验中3种贝母的剂量为1.5 g·kg-1·d-1.结果:栽培瓦布贝母祛痰作用与暗紫贝母相当,小鼠酚红排泌量与阴性对照组比较,P＜0.01,大鼠毛细管排泌量与阴性对照组比较P＜0.05,栽培瓦布贝母平喘作用与暗紫贝母相当,哮喘潜伏期与阴性对照组比较,P＜0.05,暗紫贝母与栽培瓦布贝母作用差异无统计学意义;栽培瓦布贝母镇咳作用与暗紫贝母及浙贝母相当,减少枸橼酸引咳后5 min内咳嗽次数与阴性组比较,差异有统计学意义.结论:栽培瓦布贝母可作为野生川贝母的替代资源推广种植与应用.     

Anthelmintic activity of Arisaema franchetianum and Arisaema lobatum essential oils against Haemonchus contortus

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Arisaema franchetianum and Arisaema lobatum are two perennial plants native to China. Arisaema franchetianum is universally used to promote the subsidence of induration and swelling, quicken blood and relieve pains, and kill intestinal parasites in humans and animals. Arisaema lobatum is used to treat malaria, intestinal parasites, and snake and insect bites in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to determine the composition of the essential oils from Arisaema franchetianum and Arisaema lobatum and evaluate the anthelmintic effect against Haemonchus contortus.

Materials and methods

Two oils were investigated by GC and GC–MS. The anthelmintic bioassay tests of Arisaema franchetianum and Arisaema lobatum essential oil, linalool and carvacrol were performed using egg hatch assay (EHA), larval development assay (LDA) and larval migration inhibition assay (LMIA).

Results

Fifty six components representing 96.88% of the Arisaema franchetianum oil and 64 components representing 96.88% of the Arisaema lobatum oil were identified. Carvacrol and linalool were found to be the major constituents of two oils. In the EHA, greater than 99% inhibition were observed with Arisaema franchetianum oil at 10 mg/mL (CE₅₀ 1.63 mg/mL) and Arisaema lobatum oil at 5 and 10 mg/mL (CE₅₀ 0.48 mg/mL). In the LDA, both oils induced complete inhibition at 10 mg/mL, with the CE₅₀ being 1.10 mg/mL for Arisaema franchetianum oil and 0.73 mg/mL for Arisaema lobatum oil. In the LMIA, the Arisaema franchetianum oil and Arisaema lobatum oil at best inhibited 74.1% and 95.6% of larval migration at 10 mg/mL, respectively. Carvacrol exhibited similar activity to Arisaema lobatum essential oil and linalool did not show high activity in every assay.

Conclusions

These data show for the first time that the essential oils obtained from Arisaema franchetianum or Arisaema lobatum had promising anthelmintic activity against Haemonchus contortus. Arisaema plant may offer an alternative source for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats.     

北柴胡糖基转移酶基因BcUGT3,BcUGT6的表达分析及其原核表达

该研究测定了北柴胡中2个糖基转移酶基因BcUGT3和BcUGT6在不同组织中的转录水平及MeJA处理后不定根中的转录水平。BcUGT3在根、叶、花和果中的转录水平无明显差异,但均高于茎中的转录水平。BcUGT6在叶中转录水平最高,在花中最低。以未处理的为对照,BcUGT6在MeJA处理后2 h,8 h,24 h,2 d,4 d的北柴胡不定根中,转录水平均提高近2倍,表明BcUGT6的转录受MeJA影响较小。BcUGT3转录水平随处理时间的延长不断增加,4 d时,达7倍左右。利用载体pET-28a（+）,进行了2个基因的原核表达。IPTG诱导后,宿主菌表达出了目的蛋白,并获得了纯化蛋白。为后续开展这2个基因的功能研究奠定了基础。     

丛枝菌根真菌与哈茨木霉菌合用对连作丹参生长及质量的影响

该文探讨田间条件下丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)与哈茨木霉菌合用对丹参生长及质量的影响。采用田间小区试验来进行研究,使用HPLC测定丹参地上部分和地下部分有效成分含量,通过形态观察并计算根部发病率,并结合方差统计学方法对各指标的测定结果进行分析。结果显示,单独接种AMF以及AMF与哈茨木霉菌合用能够有效的降低连作丹参根部病害的发生率,其中AMF与哈茨木霉菌合用效果更佳,比CK组降低了61.50%。几种处理对丹参生物量影响没有显著差异,但都能提高丹参根部各种有效成分的含量。单独接种AMF以及AMF+哈茨木霉都能显著提高丹参根中丹酚酸B的含量(P<0.05),其中AMF对丹酚酸B促进作用最明显,提高了27.97%;接种AMF能显著提高丹参根丹参酮I和丹参酮ⅡA的含量(P<0.05),其中丹参酮I约提高了70.14%;丹参酮ⅡA约提高了51.42%。另外,单独接种AMF以及AMF+哈茨木霉均能显著提高丹参根中隐丹参酮的含量,提高了约30.67%。从而得出单独接种AMF以及AMF+哈茨木霉能够有效减低连作丹参病害的发生率,同时提高连作丹参药材的质量。