老年糖尿病胰岛素抵抗与脂代谢紊乱

目的　探讨老年糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗与脂代谢紊乱之间的关系。方法　测定 118例老年糖尿病患者空腹血糖、血脂、载脂蛋白、胰岛素并与 90例非糖尿病人作对照 ,糖尿病患者被分为胰岛素抵抗组与非胰岛素抵抗组。结果　①胰岛素抵抗组的TG、CH、LDL、VLDL水平与非糖尿病人组及非胰岛素抵抗组相比显著升高 (P <0 0 1) ;②非胰岛素抵抗组与非糖尿病组相比CH明显升高 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　老年糖尿病胰岛素抵抗与脂代谢紊乱密切相关。     

Causes of insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes

Insulin resistance is a well-known phenomenon in diabetic patients. Its occurrence in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes is thought to be due both to metabolic and immunological disturbances. In this context, a key role is attributed to the augmented release of the 'diabetogenic' hormones, adrenaline, glucagon, cortisol and growth hormone, as well as to hypertonic dehydration and to the presence of insulin-binding antibodies. In this connection it is noteworthy that among the 'diabetogenic' hormones adrenaline exerts the strongest insulin-antagonistic effect and that hypertonic dehydration is associated with impairment of insulin action and of non-insulin-dependent hepatic glucose uptake (in vitro), while hypotonic rehydration reduces the elevated hepatic glucose production in dehydrated Type 1 diabetic patients. By contrast, the generally only slightly elevated serum insulin-binding capacity in insulin-treated diabetics is probably of least importance in the development of insulin resistance, unless excessively high insulin antibody titres prevail.     

Essential hypertension and insulin resistance in non-insulin-dependent diabetes

A recent study has shown that young, lean, hypertensive subjects are more insulin resistant than corresponding normotensive subjects. Whether this finding can also be demonstrated in the presence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is not known. Therefore, the degree of insulin resistance was studied in 26 middle-aged hypertensive patients with NIDDM (11 men, 15 women) and 14 normotensive patients with NIDDM (eight men, six women) matched for age, metabolic control and the duration of diabetes, utilizing the glucose clamp technique. Non-obese NIDD patients (body mass index less than 27.0 kg m-2) with hypertension (n = 11) had significantly lower glucose disposal rates (GDRs) during the last 60 min of euglycaemic (5.5 mmol l-1) and hyperinsulinaemic (approximately 600 pmol l-1) clamp studies than NIDD patients without hypertension (n = 6) (782 +/- 94 vs. 1418 +/- 97 mumol m-2 min-1, P less than 0.05). In contrast, GDRs were similar in obese NIDD patients with (n = 15) and without (n = 8) hypertension (802 +/- 90 vs. 849 +/- 90 mumol m-2/min-1, respectively, P = NS). Basal hepatic glucose output, suppression of hepatic glucose production during hyperinsulinaemia and insulin secretion capacity did not differ between hypertensive and normotensive subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

胰岛素抵抗病人的健康教育指导

探讨了胰岛素抵抗的机制、胰岛素抵抗的临床意义。从饮食、运动、体重控制等方面阐述了胰岛素抵抗病人的健康教育内容。     

妊娠糖尿病患者血清细胞因子水平与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的探讨妊娠糖尿病(GDM)患者血清细胞因子水平与胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法选取2009年4月至2014年4月于该院产检并分娩的300例孕妇作为研究对象,将其按糖耐量试验结果分为GDM组(GDM患者)和NGT组(糖耐量正常孕妇),并选择80例育龄妇女作为对照组,分析3组对象白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤抑制因子α(TNF-α)、瘦素和脂联素与胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)的关系。结果 GDM组空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹血清胰岛素(FINS)、HOMA-IR、IL-6、hs-CRP、TNF-α和瘦素高于NGT组和对照组,而HOMA-B和脂联素低于NGT组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Pearson相关分析发现IL-6、hs-CRP、TNF-α、脂联素、瘦素与HOMA-IR有相关性(P0.05)。偏相关分析发现IL-6、hs-CRP、TNF-α与HOMA-IR有相关性(P0.05)。结论 IL-6、hs-CRP、TNF-α对HOMA-IR的影响最为显著,可能在GDM胰岛素抵抗中发挥着重要作用。     

2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗的中医治疗

胰岛素抵抗不仅是2型糖尿病的重要病理基础,还与并发症的危险因素密切相关。它参与了糖尿病的发生、发展、结局的全过程。针对胰岛素抵抗是2型糖尿病干预的关键方法之一,中药改善胰岛素抵抗可以用复方治疗、单味中药及其提取物治疗等。近年来的一些研究显示,中医中药具有整体性、多层次、多靶点调节的特点,在改善胰岛素抵抗方面有一定的应用前景。     

2型糖尿病患者高尿酸血症与胰岛素抵抗的相关性

目的:探讨2型糖尿病患者的高尿酸血症与胰岛素抵抗的关系,以期为糖尿病心脑血管并发症二级康复预防措施介入提供量化依据。方法:2000-03/2002-12郑州市中心医院内分泌科住院的2型糖尿病患者436例。符合纳入标准2型糖尿病患者131例。入选病例依血尿酸浓度分为2组:实验组血尿酸≥357μmol/L)59例,对照组血尿酸((<357μmol/L)72例。测定两组患者血糖、胰岛素、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平,计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR,分析其相关关系。)结果:实验组空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素水平、HOMA-IR、三酰甘油水平犤(10.6±3.0)mmol/L,(14.3±7.9)mIU/L,1.73±0.67,(2.81±1.87)mmol/L犦明显高于对照组犤(9.5±2.8)mmol/L,11.3(±6.4)mIU/L,1.38±0.60,1.77±0.62)mmol/L犦(t=-2.15,(-2.435,-3.198,-4.107,P<0.05),HDL-C水平明显低于对照组(t=2.793,P<0.05)。实验组血尿酸水平与HOMA-IR,β细胞功能指数,三酰甘油呈显著正相关(r=0.367,0.319,0.622,P<0.05～0.01),与胰岛素酶感指数,HDL-C呈显著负相关(r=-0.367,-0.371,P<0.01,0.05),与β细胞功能指数,总胆固醇无明显相关性(P>0.05)。结论:高尿酸血症与胰岛素抵抗密切相关,可能参与胰岛素抵抗的发生发展。     

妊娠期糖尿病孕妇血清脂联素水平变化与胰岛素抵抗关系的研究

目的:探讨妊娠期糖尿病孕妇血清脂联素水平变化与胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法:采用ELISA法测定30例妊娠期糖尿病孕妇(GDM组)、21例正常妊娠孕妇(NGT组)空腹血清脂联素水平,同时测定两组孕妇空腹血糖、胰岛素、C肽水平,计算胰岛素抵抗指数,以评价胰岛素抵抗程度。结果:(1)GDM组血清脂联素水平(1.65±0.69)显著低于NGT组(2.36±1.14)(P<0.01);GDM组胰岛素抵抗指数(3.58±1.01)显著高于NGT组(2.32±1.27)(P<0.01);(2)血清脂联素与胰岛素抵抗指数、孕前体重指数、孕前腰围、胰岛素呈显著负相关(P<0.05或P<0.01);(3)多元回归分析提示胰岛素抵抗指数、孕前体重指数是影响血清脂联素水平最显著的因素。结论:GDM组孕妇空腹血清脂联素水平明显降低,且与胰岛素抵抗指数呈显著负相关,提示脂联素对妊娠期糖尿病孕妇胰岛素抵抗具有保护作用。     

利拉鲁肽对2型糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的探讨利拉鲁肽联合二甲双胍与单纯使用二甲双胍对2型糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗的影响。方法收集30例2型糖尿病患者(使用利拉鲁肽联合二甲双胍治疗)为试验组,收集30例2型糖尿病患者(单纯使用二甲双胍治疗)为对照组,比较两组治疗前及治疗后3个月糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、血清脂联素、一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素(ET)水平变化情况。结果试验组HbA1c、HOMA-IR、NO、ET水平下降程度,以及血清脂联素水平上升程度均较对照组明显,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论利拉鲁肽较二甲双胍对2型糖尿病患者改善胰岛素抵抗的效果更为明显。     

Effective exercise modality to reduce insulin resistance in women with type 2 diabetes

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a combined resistance and aerobic training program would improve insulin sensitivity compared with aerobic training alone in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. A second objective was to relate the improved insulin sensitivity to changes in abdominal adipose tissue (AT) and thigh muscle density. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 28 obese postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to one of three 16-week treatments: control, aerobic only training (Ae only), or aerobic plus resistance training (Ae+RT). Pre- and posttreatment outcome measures included glucose disposal by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and computed tomography scans of abdominal AT and mid-thigh skeletal muscle. RESULTS: Glucose infusion rates increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the Ae+RT group. Both exercise groups had reduced abdominal subcutaneous and visceral AT and increased muscle density. The Ae+RT training group exhibited a significantly greater increase in muscle density than the Ae only group. Improved glucose disposal was independently associated with changes in subcutaneous AT, visceral AT, and muscle density. Muscle density retained a relationship with glucose disposal after controlling for abdominal AT. CONCLUSIONS: Adding resistance training to aerobic training enhanced glucose disposal in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. The improved insulin sensitivity is related to loss of abdominal subcutaneous and visceral AT and to increased muscle density.     

脂糖舒对2型糖尿病大鼠胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的:观察脂糖舒(ZTS)对2型糖尿病大鼠胰岛素抵抗的改善作用。方法:对2型糖尿病胰岛素抗性模型大鼠灌胃ZTS(1次/d),连续9周,同时以二甲双胍和格列齐特(达美康)及健康大鼠作对照,进行糖耐量试验,测定血浆葡萄糖(Glu)、胰岛素(Ins)、三酰甘油(TG)、游离脂肪酸(NEFA)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量,并称体质量和脂肪组织重量,计算胰岛素抵抗指数(IRI)。结果:脂糖舒、二甲双胍和格列齐特均能显著降低2型糖尿病大鼠(NIDDM大鼠)的高Ins、高Glu、高脂血症和降低IRI,升高HDL-c含量,抑制体质量和脂肪组织重量增长。其中,脂糖舒抑制病鼠体质量和脂肪组织质量增长以及降糖降脂(NEFA和LDL-c)和降IRI作用优于格列齐特(P<0.01或P<0.001)。与二甲双胍比较,脂糖舒降NEFA和TC作用较强(P<0.05),对其余指标包括降IRI作用与二甲双胍相当(P>0.05)且脂糖舒降IRI作用呈剂量依赖关系。结论:脂糖舒明显改善2型糖尿病的胰岛素抗性。     

胰岛素抵抗、瘦素抵抗与2型糖尿病并发冠心病的关系研究

目的探讨胰岛素抵抗、瘦素抵抗在2型糖尿病并发冠心病发生发展过程中的作用及相关性。方法入选符合纳入标准的正常对照组30例、2型糖尿病组60例、2型糖尿病合并冠心病组60例,收集所有研究对象的年龄、体重指数、腰臀比、平均动脉压、血脂、血糖等临床资料,并采用化学发光免疫分析法测定空腹血浆胰岛素,采用双抗体夹心法测定空腹血浆瘦素,以胰岛素抵抗指数评价胰岛素抵抗。应用SPSS13.0软件进行统计分析。结果胰岛素抵抗指数在2型糖尿病组和2型糖尿病合并冠心病组均较正常对照组显著升高(P<0.05),但2型糖尿病合并冠心病组与2型糖尿病组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);血浆瘦素水平在2型糖尿病合并冠心病组较2型糖尿病组及正常对照组均显著升高(P<0.05),但2型糖尿病组与正常对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在2型糖尿病合并冠心病组中进行Pearson相关分析显示,胰岛素抵抗指数与血糖、胰岛素呈正相关,与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈负相关,相关系数分别为0.300(P=0.020)、0.905(P=0.000)、-0.273(P=0.035);血浆瘦素与总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.288(P=0.025)、0.257(P=0.047),与腰臀比、体重指数、胰岛素抵抗指数等均无相关性。Logistic逐步回归分析显示,年龄、腰臀比、脂蛋白(a)、瘦素是2型糖尿病并发冠心病的独立危险因素,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇是2型糖尿病并发冠心病的保护因素。结论胰岛素抵抗可能主要参与2型糖尿病发生发展的病理生理过程,与2型糖尿病是否并发冠心病无直接相关性,而瘦素抵抗则可能主要参与2型糖尿病患者冠心病发生发展的病理生理过程,与2型糖尿病本身的发生并无直接相关性,瘦素抵抗是2型糖尿病并发冠心病的直接独立危险因素,而胰岛素抵抗可能需要通过其他途径间接导致2型糖尿病患者冠心病的发生。     

2型糖尿病患者瘦素水平与胰岛素抵抗关系的研究

目的 研究2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清瘦素与性别、体质指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)、胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗、血糖、总胆固醇和甘油三酯的关系.方法 随机选取56例2型糖尿病患者与22例非糖尿病者,分别测定体质指数、腰臀比、空腹瘦素、空腹和餐后2 h血糖、空腹和餐后2 h胰岛素、总胆固醇和甘油三酯.结果 血清瘦素平均水平男性(8.5±0.9)μg/L,女性(17.2±1.1)μg/L,女性高于男性(P＜0.01);血清瘦素与体质指数呈显著正相关(r=0.64,P＜0.01),与男性腰臀比显著正相关(r=0.05,P＜0.01),与胰岛素显著正相关(空腹:r=0.36,P＜0.01;餐后2 h:r=0.36,P＜0.01),与2型糖尿病组胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)呈负相关(r=-0.31,P＜0.05),与血糖、血脂无相关性.结论 血清瘦素水平与体质指数、男性腰臀比显著正相关,与胰岛素显著正相关,与2型糖尿病组胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)呈负相关.