上矢状窦旁脑膜瘤致上矢状窦阻塞时侧支静脉通路的意义

目的 分析上矢状窦旁脑膜瘤致上矢状窦(SSS)阻塞时其侧支静脉通路的建立情况，确定其在肿瘤切除术中的意义。方法 总结归纳86例上矢状窦旁脑膜瘤行MRA及DSA检查时的静脉系表现。结果 27例发生SSS完全阻塞，59例部分阻塞。18例在阻塞的SSS周围出现了由表浅皮层静脉所形成的侧支静脉环；通过表浅皮层静脉与蝶顶窦及小脑幕静脉系建立端—端吻合的16例；通过与Troland或Labbe静脉建立吻合的14例；通过大脑镰与下矢状窦吻合的9例；通过脑膜静脉并经板障静脉引流到颈外静脉系的17例；混合型12例。结论 上矢状窦旁脑膜瘤致SSS阻塞时，肿瘤周围存在广泛侧支静脉通路，术中应注意保护。脑DSA及MRA检查对术前了解SSS通畅性及侧支静脉通路建立有帮助。     

Transient Neurologic Deterioration after Total Removal of Parasagittal Meningioma Including Completely Occluding Superior Sagittal Sinus

In surgical planning of the parasagittal meningioma, invasion and occlusion of the superior sagittal sinus are important factors. When tumor is located within anterior 1/3, or when angiographic finding shows total occlusion of superior sagittal sinus, it is regarded that the ligation of superior sagittal sinus is safe. We report a case of parasagittal meningioma in 59-year-old male patient with complete occlusion of superior sagittal sinus which was confirmed by preoperative angiography, who developed temporary neurologic deterioration after superior sagittal sinus ligation and resection.     

Sphenoid and optic nerve sheath meningioma revealed by recurrent brain infarctions

Meningioma, though benign, may invade adjacent structures such as bone, soft tissues, dural sinuses and arteries. However brain infarctions secondary to meningioma involving the cavernous sinus and encasing and narrowing the intracranial carotid artery are rare. We report the case of a young man with recurrent left carotid artery infarctions due to a left sphenoid meningioma infiltrating the posterior optic nerve sheath through the optic canal and circumscribing the intracranial carotid artery. The patient had a gradually progressive occlusion of the middle cerebral artery, the distal internal carotid artery and finally the anterior cerebral artery ipsilateral to the sphenoid meningioma.     

上矢状窦中后部脑膜瘤导致静脉窦闭塞后静脉代偿特点及意义

目的 探讨中、后部矢状窦旁脑膜瘤导致静脉窦闭塞后静脉代偿特点以及全切除肿瘤的手术要点。方法 分析15例中、后部上矢状窦完全闭塞的窦旁脑膜瘤的脑血管造影表现，探讨其静脉回流代偿的形式对手术疗效的影响。结果 静脉回流代偿的形式有三种：(1)皮层浅静脉端-端吻合，主要流向侧裂、Labbe静脉；(2)脑膜静脉流向蝶顶窦、海绵窦；(3)板障静脉流向头皮。本组肿瘤全切除12例，无手术死亡，术后发生三肢瘫1例，双下肢瘫1例，高颅压、失明1例。结论 术前仔细研究血管造影上静脉回流代偿的形式，有助于术中加强对其保护，减少全切除肿瘤手术后的严重并发症的发生。     

Superior Sagittal Sinus Thrombosis in the Presence of Idiopathic Bilateral Internal Jugular Vein Stenosis

Cerebral venous outflow obstruction and anomalies in cerebral venous circulation predispose to dural sinus thrombosis. This case report illustrates the magnetic resonance and angiographic findings in a patient who had superior sagittal sinus thrombosis secondary to idiopathic bilateral internal jugular vein stenosis, a previously unrecognized entity. The findings suggest that bilateral stenosis of the internal jugular veins at their junction with the innominate veins causes obstruction to cerebral venous outflow leading to dural sinus thrombosis.     

3D-CT静脉造影对矢状窦旁脑膜瘤的术前评估

目的 通过3D-CT静脉造影(3D-CTV)来判断矢状窦旁脑膜瘤与矢状窦、肿瘤周围皮层回流静脉的关系,为制定手术方案提供帮助.方法 2008年6月至2010年2月收治11例矢状窦旁脑膜瘤患者术前接受3D-CTV检查,3例同时MRV检查.通过观察3D-CTV中肿瘤与所累矢状窦及周边中央沟静脉、中央前沟静脉之间的关系;术前判断矢状窦的通畅性,并根据术中实际情况来验证3D-CTV结果的准确性.结果 11例矢状窦旁脑膜瘤患者术前3D-CTV检查发现:4例位于额叶矢状窦旁脑膜瘤上矢状窦已经完全被肿瘤侵犯包裹而闭塞,手术将肿瘤包括累及矢状窦一并切除;4例额顶脑膜瘤部分侵入上矢状窦,上矢状窦仍然通畅,其中3例手术将累及上矢状窦侧壁及侵入窦内肿瘤一并切除,同时修补上矢状窦,另1例行肿瘤切除加累及的上矢状窦侧壁电凝烧灼;3例额顶脑膜瘤仅累及上矢状窦侧壁而没有侵入至窦内,1例手术将肿瘤连同矢状窦侧壁外层一并切除,2例行肿瘤加受累及矢状窦侧壁电凝.5例患者3D-CTV同时清晰显示肿瘤与周围中央沟静脉、中央前沟静脉之间关系密切,1例患者中央前沟静脉术中有损伤,其余患者静脉均保护完好.9例矢状窦旁脑膜瘤获得Simpson Ⅰ级全切除,2例Simpson Ⅱ级全切除,术后患者恢复良好,随访未见肿瘤复发.结论 3D-CTV所显示肿瘤与矢状窦关系与手术实际情况吻合.相对于MRV和DSA,通过3D-CTV检查可更方便、直观地判断矢状窦旁脑膜瘤与矢状窦及肿瘤周边静脉的关系,对于矢状窦旁脑膜瘤术前行3D-CTV检查,可为手术方案的制定提供帮助.     

DSA、术前栓塞在上矢状窦旁脑膜瘤手术中的价值

目的研究DSA在明确上矢状窦旁脑膜瘤血供情况、引流静脉代偿及矢状窦阻塞中的作用。方法回顾性分析41例矢状窦旁脑膜瘤病人的病历资料,比较术前未进行DSA检查组、DSA检查组和DSA加栓塞组之间术中出血、手术时间、手术全切肿瘤程度情况。结果DSA检查组和DSA加栓塞组较未进行DSA检查组手术全切率高(P< 0.05);DSA加栓塞组较未栓塞组术中失血少(P< 0.05);各组间手术时间无显著性差别(P> 0.05)。结论术前行DSA检查可以明确矢状窦旁脑膜瘤的血供、引流静脉代偿及矢状窦阻塞情况,能指导术前栓塞以减少术中出血,并为手术全切脑膜瘤提供有用信息。     

大型矢状窦旁脑膜瘤显微外科治疗

目的探讨显微外科技术在大型矢状窦旁脑膜瘤手术中的应用。方法肿瘤位于矢状窦前1/3有6例,中1/3有13例,后1/3有8例;其中跨上矢状窦两侧的有2例,颅骨侵犯的2例,软组织侵犯的1例合并有肿瘤卒中。采用跨中线骨瓣,显微手术技术切除27例上矢状窦旁大型脑膜瘤。结果肿瘤SimpsonⅠ级16例,SimpsonⅡ级8例,SimpsonⅢ级3例;术后回访3~36个月,1例术后二个月复发。结论采用显微外科技术,暴露上矢状窦,充分显露肿瘤,有效控制出血,保护回流静脉,可减少并发症。     

矢状窦旁脑膜瘤的显微外科手术治疗

目的探讨矢状窦旁脑膜瘤手术治疗效果。方法回顾性总结分析39例矢状窦旁脑膜瘤的临床表现、诊断方式、显微手术及其疗效。结果肿瘤经手术全切除34例（87.2%）,次全切除4例（10.3%）,1例（2.5%）于术后因脑水肿死亡。长期随访（平均2.6年）32例,其中25例（64.1%）恢复良好,2例（5.1%）因肿瘤复发而再次手术。结论显微外科技术治疗矢状窦旁脑膜瘤,是一种安全有效的方法。     

MRI和MRV在脑静脉和静脉窦血栓诊断中的价值

目的探讨MRI和MRV对脑静脉和静脉窦血栓(CVST)形成的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析16例CVST患者的临床和影像学资料。结果受累的脑静脉和静脉窦有上矢状窦9例,横窦5例,直窦3例,乙状窦2例,大脑大静脉合并大脑内静脉2例。常规MRI可见受累静脉窦流空信号消失,静脉窦内信号高低不一,11例脑实质内出现静脉性脑梗死表现,其中4例合并出血。增强扫描15例静脉窦内出现充盈缺损及静脉窦壁强化表现,9例脑实质内出现脑回样强化。MRV表现为受累静脉窦部分或广泛高血流信号缺失、狭窄。结论MRI和MRV是诊断和随访CVST形成的最佳检查方法。     

320排CT血管造影对窦旁脑膜瘤显微手术的指导意义

目的 评估320排CT血管造影(CTA)对窦旁脑膜瘤手术治疗的指导价值.方法 济南军区总医院神经外科自2008年5月至2010年8月对38例上矢状窦旁脑膜瘤患者术前行320排CTA检查,观察肿瘤血管与颅脑血管、肿瘤与颅骨的关系,指导肿瘤切除术.结果 320排CTA能清楚显示脑膜瘤的形态及其与邻近大血管、颅骨的三维关系和静脉窦的开放程度,38例患者均做到显微镜下全切除,其中SimpsonⅠ级26例,Ⅱ级12例,无手术死亡.术后出现暂时性偏瘫或原偏瘫加重8例,经治疗5例恢复正常.结论 320排CTA能提供脑膜瘤与邻近血管、颅骨和矢状窦的三维空间图像,为手术入路和术中矢状窦的处理提供有用信息,在窦旁脑膜瘤术前评估中有其独特的价值.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of 320-row CT angiography (CTA) in the microsurgery of parasagittal meningiomas. Methods Thirty-eight patients with parasagittal meningiomas, admitted to our hospital from May 2008 to August 2010 and confirmed by CT and MR1,were examined with the 320-row CTA to observe the relations between tumor blood vessels and brain vessels, and between the tumor and the skull. Results The 320-row CTA provided clear three-dimensional images of the meningioma and its relations with the adjacent vessels and the skull. The condition of blood flow in the parasagittal sinus was shown and the proper surgical approach to remove the neoplasm was demonstrated. Simpson graded Ⅰ and Ⅱ resection was achieved in 26 and 12 patients,respectively. All the patients recovered well without postoperative deaths. Temporary paralysis or aggravated paralysis was noted in 8 after the operation and 5 of them recovered. Conclusion The 320-row CTA, being able to provide images of the parasagittal meningioma, and demonstrating its relations with the skull, adjacent vessels and sagittal sinus, can supply the vital information to choose the proper surgical approach and provide the useful message to manage the sinus during the operation, which has a great value in preoperative evaluation of the parasagittal meningioma.     

大脑镰及矢状窦旁脑膜瘤显微手术治疗的研究

目的探讨大脑镰及矢状窦旁脑膜瘤显微手术的方法及效果。方法回顾性分析47例大脑镰及矢状窦旁脑膜瘤患者的临床资料,术前影像学检查显示肿瘤位于矢状窦前1/3者27例,中1/3者11例,后1/3者9例,肿瘤最大径4~8 cm,47例患者均行显微手术治疗。结果按照切除程度划分,SimpsonⅠ级切除25例,Ⅱ级切除17例,Ⅲ级切除5例。随访时间6~49个月,SimpsonⅠ级切除的25例患者均无复发;22例SimpsonⅡ~Ⅲ级切除患者中,共有3例患者复发,均再次手术治疗。无手术死亡病例。结论术中对回流静脉、侧支静脉及静脉窦的保护,尽可能全切除或次全切除肿瘤,可以有效提高大脑镰及矢状窦旁脑膜瘤显微手术治疗的效果。     

Intracranial vessels with color Doppler echoencephalography in infants

A technique for imaging of the intracranial vessels in infants was described, which used high resolution, commercially available, color Doppler ultrasonography (real-time two-dimensional Doppler). On 12 normal infants, serial scans were obtained in sagittal, coronal, and axial plains. A large number of intracranial arteries and veins could be clearly demonstrated in real-time, including anterior cerebral artery, pericallosal artery, middle cerebral artery, posterior cerebral artery, basilar artery, communicating artery, internal cerebral vein, inferior and superior sagittal sinuses, great cerebral vein, straight sinus, occipital sinus and transverse sinus. In conclusion, color Doppler examination is useful in the detection of vessels in infants and in the measurement of intracranial blood flow velocity.     

Involvement of Jugular Valve Insufficiency in Cerebral Venous Air Embolism

BACKGROUND: Cerebral venous air entrapment is a rare finding on cranial computed tomography (CT) scan. Peripheral air embolism is discussed as a potential cause. However, the mechanism of retrograde passage through internal jugular valves and veins is unclear. CASE REPORT: The case of a patient is reported, who had air entrapment in the left cavernous sinus. Prior to CT scanning, a peripheral intravenous line had been placed. Ultrasound revealed excessive insufficiency of the left internal jugular valve. To further study the mechanism of embolism, an echo contrast agent was injected into the cubital vein. A Valsalva maneuver resulted in retrograde transition of microbubbles across the insufficient valve. Valvular function on the unaffected right side was intact. CONCLUSIONS: This case report gives insight into the mechanism of cerebral venous air embolism. This is the firstcase describing jugular valve insufficiency as the missing link between peripheral air embolism and cerebral venous air entrapment.     

改良溶栓方案治疗脑静脉窦合并颈内静脉血栓形成

目的探讨改良溶栓方案【静脉窦内微量持续泵点尿激酶(100,000u/24h)】治疗脑静脉窦合并颈内静脉血栓形成的疗效。方法对11例患者进行机械性破栓、静脉窦内留置微导管行最低量尿激酶100,000u/24h静脉窦直接泵点滴48～96h治疗。术后积极治疗原发病,抗凝治疗6个月。术后随访6～12个月,平均10个月。结果 11例脑静脉窦合并颈内静脉血栓形成患者,脑静脉窦均获得再通(其中8例患者应用尿激酶100,000u/24h效果良好,3例患者在应用尿激酶100,000u/24h,48h复查后增量至250,000u/24h),1例颈内静脉未通,预后良好。结论改良溶栓方案可有效治疗脑静脉窦合并颈内静脉血栓形成,有待大宗病例进一步证实。     

An unusual case of neuro-Behçet’s disease presenting with co-occurence of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis with basilar artery occlusion

Non-parenchymal neuro-Behçet disease generally affects cerebral venous sinuses, whereas intracranial intracerebral arterial involvement has been rarely reported. But co-involvement of both intracranial intracerebral artery and venous vascular systems in a patient at the same time has not been mentioned before. To the best of our knowledge, this case involving a 25-year-old male with a 7-year history of Behçet disease is the first reported of this type of involvement. He developed occlusion of the basilar artery together with thrombosis of the left sigmoid sinus, distal internal jugular vein, and straight sinus. He was successfully treated with a combination of high-dose steroid and cyclophosphamide. Cranial magnetic resonance angiography demonstrated the resolution of these abnormalities.     

功能区上矢状窦旁脑膜瘤术后暂时性瘫痪危险因素分析

目的 探讨功能区上矢状窦旁脑膜瘤术后暂时性瘫痪的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2005年5月至2015年12月手术治疗的96例功能区上矢状窦旁脑膜瘤患者临床资料,根据暂时性瘫痪诊断标准,分为暂时性瘫痪组(n=31)和非暂时性瘫痪组(n=65),采用单因素分析和Logistic回归分析两组患者年龄、肿瘤大小、术前瘤周水肿、术前癫痫、上矢状窦完全被肿瘤侵犯闭塞、术中切开窦壁、术中回流静脉损伤等因素。结果 单因素分析显示两组间年龄(χ~2=14.943,P=0.000)、术前瘤周水肿(χ~2=4.435,P=0.049)、上矢状窦完全被肿瘤侵犯闭塞(χ~2=5.248,P=0.028)、术中切开窦壁(χ~2=5.773,P=0.026)以及术中回流静脉损伤(χ~2=11.441,P=0.002)比较差异有统计学意义;Logistic回归分析上述因素显示年龄(OR=8.709,P=0.028)、术中回流静脉损伤(OR=16.242,P=0.012)、上矢状窦完全被肿瘤侵犯闭塞(OR=0.053,P=0.025)为术后暂时性瘫痪发生的相关因素。结论 年龄和术中回流静脉损伤是术后暂时性瘫痪发生的危险因素,而上矢状窦完全被肿瘤侵犯闭塞是其保护因素。     

Vernet's Syndrome Associated with Internal Jugular Vein Thrombosis

Our objective is to present a case of Vernet's syndrome (cranial nerve (CN) IX, X, and XI palsy) associated with cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) in an internal jugular vein. The patient presented with acutely developed dysphagia. The weakness of the left sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles was observed. The initial magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography (CT) with contrast enhancement showed contrast-filling defect in the left internal jugular vein inside the jugular foramen. The magnetic resonance venography with contrast enhancement revealed a partial filling defect in the left sigmoid sinus and total occlusion of the left internal jugular vein. Under the diagnosis of CVT associated with CN IX, X palsy, anticoagulation therapy with low-molecular-weighted heparin was initiated. Despite the continued anticoagulation therapy for 3 months, neither the burden of thrombosis in the left sigmoid sinus and internal jugular vein on neck CT nor dysphagia symptoms improved. Clinicians need to be aware of internal jugular venous thrombosis as one of the differential diagnoses in Vernet's syndrome in patients in a hypercoagulable state. Further reporting of similar cases is needed to confirm the association between CVT and Vernet's syndrome.     

Massive cerebral venous thrombosis associated with the bilateral catheterization of the internal jugular veins: a case report

The authors describe the occurrence of the thrombosis of the cerebral venous sinuses in a patient in coma due to a large hemispheric infarction attributed to the thrombosis of the left internal carotid artery. After his admission to the Intensive Care Unit, a fiberoptic catheter was advanced into the left internal jugular vein to monitor the jugular bulb blood oxygen saturation, and the controlater was catheterized In order to supply fluids and medications. Despite the aggressive treatment, the patient died and, at the autopsy a massive thrombosis of the internal jugular veins was found, which extended to all the sinuses, in the absence of evident carotideal abnormalities. The authors describe the possible mechanisms of the massive thrombosis.     

An unusual parasagittal tumour with acute blindness and response to cerebrospinal fluid shunting.

We report a seven-year-old girl who presented with a sudden tumor apoplexy due to a parasagittal hemangiopericytoma. Following tumor excision, the child was noted to have bilateral optic nerve dysfunction and progressive papilledema, despite rapid overall neurological improvement. Based on the clinical features, we feel that this case represents an unusual form of visual deterioration related to impaired CSF absorption somehow precipitated by the acute tumour apoplexy. This unusual case of blindness responded significantly to CSF shunting. Several reports exist describing raised intracranial pressure with papilledema caused by nonthrombotic sinus occlusion due to tumors in proximity to the posterior superior sagittal sinus, torcular herophili and the jugular outlet. Communicating hydrocephalus, pseudotumor syndrome or intracranial venous sinus obstruction should be considered when otherwise inexplicable visual loss coexists with optic nerve dysfunction and papilledema. We emphasize the importance of a thorough search for the cause of visual loss.