新生儿枫糖尿病1例报告

<正>患儿,女,11d,因少动、少吃4d入院。患儿系第2胎第1产,胎龄40周,出生体重3200g,出生无窒息,Apgar评分不详,羊水清,胎盘及脐带正常。母孕3月时有阴道出血史,曾予保胎治疗。第1胎孕2月时自然流产。父母非近亲结婚。患儿生后第7天无明显诱因下出现少动、少吃,体温正常,无抽     

新生儿先天性气管发育不全一例

患儿男,系第2胎第2产.因胎儿发生宫内窘迫,剖宫产出生,出生体重2 480 g.羊水量少但色清.Apgar评分:1 min 3分,5 min 5分,10 min 5分.出生后强刺激无哭声,全身紫绀,无自主呼吸.     

脑瘫患儿全麻术后并发恶性高热1例报道

<正>男性,2岁7月,因跛行1年余入院。患儿系第2胎第2产,孕29+2周因"胎膜早破"剖宫产出生,出生体重1700g。既往史无特殊,否认恶性高热家族史。查体:体重14kg,心、肺、腹检查均未见异常。双下肢内收肌肌张力增高,双足内翻,踝关节跖曲,     

床边碘水灌肠X线照片诊断先天性肠旋转不良1例

<正>患儿,男,2h,因生后呻吟、发绀2h入院。患儿系第2胎第1产,足月,因"宫内窘迫"行剖宫产出生。出生时羊水清,出生体重3400g,Apgar评分1、5、10min分别为9分、10分、10分,生后无痰鸣、气促,反应差,哭声稍弱。生后半小时出现面色苍白,呻吟、口周发绀。入     

日龄2天新生儿自发性脾破裂1例

患儿男,2 d,因"持续4 h面色苍白,腹壁紧张,右侧阴囊呈青紫色"转入我院。患儿系第5胎第5产,胎龄42周,胎头位自然分娩,出生体重为4.3 kg。产前无宫内窘迫,无胎膜早破,无羊水污染;母体无感染、药物使用、创伤或慢性疾病史;产后无窒息及抢救病史。出生1 min Apgar评分8分,5 min评分9分。入院后体格检...     

KCNJ11基因突变引起的新生儿糖尿病1例

<正>患儿,男,1 h,因双胎之大、低出生体重收入院。患儿为第2胎第1产,孕37周因"双胎妊娠"行剖宫产出生,臀位,试管婴儿,双卵双胎,双胎之大,出生体重2050 g。无胎膜早破,羊水、胎盘无异常,脐带绕颈1周,Apgar评分1 min、5 min、10 min均为10分。入院体查:T 35.4℃,P     

极/超低出生体重儿生后早期腹部局部组织氧饱和度变化趋势的前瞻性研究

目的 探讨极/超低出生体重儿（very/extremely low birth weight infant,VLBWI/ELBWI）出生后的腹部局部组织氧饱和度（abdominal regional oxygen saturation,A-rSO₂）变化趋势。 方法 选取2019年9月至2021年5月在新生儿重症监护室住院的VLBWI/ELBWI作为研究对象。利用近红外光谱技术,从出生后第1天开始每天监测A-rSO₂,共监测4周。并根据出生胎龄分为较低胎龄组（<29周组）及较高胎龄组（≥29周组）,对两组VLBWI/ELBWI生后4周内的A-rSO₂进行比较分析。 结果 共纳入VLBWI/ELBWI 63例,其中<29周组30例,≥29周组33例。63例VLBWI/ELBWI生后2周内A-rSO₂呈现波动变化：生后第1天为最低值（47.9%）,后逐渐升高,第4天达最高峰（67.4%）,第5~9天逐渐下降,然后再次上升,至出生2周后趋于稳定。≥29周组出生后第1周及第2周A-rSO2均高于<29周组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。出生第3周及第4周两组A-rSO₂均值比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论 VLBWI/ELBWI的A-rSO₂在出生后最初2周随日龄增加存在波动变化,2周后趋于稳定;生后2周内的A-rSO₂与胎龄相关。     

临床病理讨论——新生儿黄疸、进行性肝脾肿大

病史摘要女,9天。于1985年11月5日因全身皮肤黄染8天入院。患儿系第2胎第2产,足月顺产,出生体重3.1kg,无窒息抢救史。出生第2天起全身皮肤出现黄染,并逐渐加重,生后第6天当地医院测血总胆红素319.77umol/L(18.7mg/dl),直接胆红素80.37umol/L(4.7mg/dl),SGPT<40u,以黄     

不同肠内营养开始时间对极低出生体重儿肠道菌群及代谢产物影响的前瞻性研究北大核心CSCD

目的 探讨不同肠内营养开始时间对极低出生体重儿肠道菌群及代谢产物的影响。方法 选取2020年6~12月重庆医科大学附属儿童医院新生儿科收治的29例极低出生体重儿为研究对象,根据生后肠内营养开始时间(开奶时间)不同分为<24 h组(n=15)和24~72 h组(n=14)。采集患儿住院第2周和第4周的粪便标本,采用16S rDNA高通量测序和气相色谱-质谱法分别分析粪便样本的菌群和短链脂肪酸(short-chain fatty acids,SCFAs)。结果 菌群结果显示,生后第2周和第4周2组间Chao指数(反映菌群丰富度)和Shannon指数(反映菌群多样性)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。菌群组成分析中,生后第2周和第4周2组间主要菌群在门、属水平上差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组SCFAs比较显示,开奶时间<24 h组第4周丙酸高于24~72 h组(P<0.05),而2组SCFAs总量及其他各SCFAs含量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 较早开始肠内营养对极低出生体重儿肠道菌群多样性和丰富度无影响,但24 h内开始肠内营养可以使代谢产物丙酸水平增高。     

新生儿德朗热综合征一例

患儿女,生后2h,因"出生体重低"入院。系第4胎第2产,胎龄37周剖宫产出生,双胎之大,出生体重2040g,生后无窒息。双胎之小与该患儿外貌相似,生后24h内死亡。母亲34岁,孕期健康。查     

Pubertal growth and development and prenatal and lactational exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene

OBJECTIVES: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (DDE) are ubiquitous toxic environmental contaminants. Prenatal and early life exposures affect pubertal events in experimental animals. We studied whether prenatal or lactational exposures to background levels of PCBs or DDE were associated with altered pubertal growth and development in humans.Study design: Follow-up of 594 children from an existing North Carolina cohort whose prenatal and lactational exposures had previously been measured. Height, weight, and stage of pubertal development were assessed through annual mail questionnaires. RESULTS: Height of boys at puberty increased with transplacental exposure to DDE, as did weight adjusted for height; adjusted means for those with the highest exposures (maternal concentration 4+ ppm fat) were 6.3 cm taller and 6.9 kg larger than those with the lowest (0 to 1 ppm). There was no effect on the ages at which pubertal stages were attained. Lactational exposures to DDE had no apparent effects; neither did transplacental or lactational exposure to PCBs. Girls with the highest transplacental PCB exposures were heavier for their heights than other girls by 5.4 kg, but differences were significant only if the analysis was restricted to white girls. CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal exposures at background levels may affect body size at puberty.     

Prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents

Increasing numbers of obese children and adolescents all over the world demand an investment in the primary and secondary prevention of obesity and overweight in this age group. The goal of preventive measures in children is to avoid the negative short- and long-term health problems associated with obesity. Primary prevention aims at establishing a healthy, active lifestyle and keeping children and adolescents within a range of body weight which is considered to be healthy. Constant availability and affordability of palatable and energy-dense food in the affluent society of the western world demands preventive strategies. Universal or public health prevention seems to be the most suitable form because several other cofactors of morbidity and mortality of affluent societies can also be prevented. However, in most European countries there is a lack of awareness of the necessity of prevention programmes, not only among the general population but also among the medical society. More awareness and consciousness to the problem of obesity must be generated in order to lead to effective therapeutic programmes. For those children and adolescents who are already obese, secondary prevention is mandatory. Therapeutic intervention programmes for the obese aim at long-term weight maintenance and normalisation of body weight and body fat. They have to modify eating and exercise behaviour of the obese child and establish new, healthier behaviour and lifestyle. Treatments programmes must include behavioural components in order to permanently change nutrition and physical exercise of the obese children and adolescents. However, long-term results of treatment programmes in European countries are scarce and the reported results, even of multidisciplinary regimens, are not impressive. Conclusion In most European countries there is an urgent need not only for a growing awareness of the problem of obesity in children and adolescents but also for development of new comprehensive approaches in treating this group.     

Hypokalemia and Hyperkalemia in Infants and Children: Pathophysiology and Treatment

Potassium is the second most abundant cation in the body. About 98% of potassium is intracellular and that is particularly in the skeletal muscle. Electrical disturbances associated with disorders of potassium homeostasis are a function of both the extracellular and intracellular potassium concentrations. Clinical disorders of potassium homeostasis occur with some regularity, especially in hospitalized patients receiving many medications. This article will review the pathophysiology of potassium homeostasis, symptoms, causes, and treatment of hypo- and hyperkalemia.