硅油填充曲安奈德眼内注射患者的护理

目的探讨硅油填充曲安奈德眼内注射的临床护理效果。方法26例(32眼)复杂性玻璃体视网膜疾病接受玻璃体切除、硅油填充术。为控制术后炎症反应,术毕玻璃体腔内注射曲安奈德2 mg。根据眼部情况,术后早期采取必要的体位及护理,观察其效果。结果手术前后给予必要的临床护理后患者能更好配合医生的手术和治疗。术后2眼出现假性前房积脓,2眼曲安奈德颗粒沉积黄斑部而影响视力,其余患者术后视力提高24眼,不变4眼。术后6眼眼压升高,4眼药物控制,2眼硅油取出后恢复正常。5眼晶状体浑浊加重。结论对复杂性玻璃体视网膜手术硅油填充、曲安奈德眼内注射患者给予合理的临床护理,可有助于患者的配合、疾病的康复及视力的恢复。     

曲安奈德在增生性糖尿病视网膜病变玻璃体切除术中的应用

目的:讨论曲安奈德(triamcinolone acetonide,TA)在增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(proliferate diabetic retinopathy,PDR)玻璃体切除术(pars plana vitrectomy,PPV)中的辅助作用。方法:增生性糖尿病视网膜病变患者107例107眼随机分为曲安奈德玻璃体切除组(治疗组53眼)和传统玻璃体切除组(对照组54眼),其中TA组经大部分玻璃体切除后,术中抽取0.3~0.5mLTA注入玻璃体腔,完成余下玻璃体皮质切除及视网膜前膜的剥离。观察术中并发症如视网膜裂孔形成、视网膜脱离、玻璃体出血。术后最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、眼压、黄斑水肿情况。结果:总共有104例(97.2%)患者完成6~12mo随访,其中TA组51例(96.2%),传统玻璃体切除组53例(98.1%)。TA组术中视网膜裂孔明显低于对照组(P<0.05),术中视网膜脱离、玻璃体出血及术后BCVA、眼压、黄斑水肿两组无明显差异。结论:增生性糖尿病视网膜病变玻璃体切除时注射TA能够加玻璃体皮质的可视性,使视网膜前膜的剥离更安全有效,减少术中视网膜破裂,术后没有与之相关的严重不良反应。     

曲安奈德玻璃体腔内注射治疗白内障术后慢性黄斑囊样水肿

目的观察曲安奈德玻璃体腔内注射治疗白内障术后慢性黄斑囊样水肿的临床疗效。方法对38例38眼白内障术后发生慢性黄斑囊样水肿的患者,行曲安奈德玻璃体腔内注射进行治疗,观察注射后1周、1月、2月、3月患者视力及黄斑中心视网膜厚度的变化及并发症。结果曲安奈德玻璃体腔内注射后,所有患者最佳矫正视力均有不同程度提高,相应的黄斑中心视网膜厚度逐渐变薄,注射后并发症包括球结膜下出血、眼压升高及黄斑囊样水肿复发。结论曲安奈德玻璃体腔内注射对白内障术后慢性黄斑囊样水肿是一种安全、有效的治疗方法,但黄斑囊样水肿复发的原因及再次治疗时机有待进一步观察。     

曲安奈德术中眼内注射对血眼屏障的保护作用

目的评价术中玻璃体腔内注射曲安奈德(triamcinolone acetonide)对复杂的玻璃体视网膜手术术后血眼屏障的保护作用。方法11例(13眼)复杂的玻璃体视网膜手术,手术结束后,将曲安奈德混悬液注入玻璃体腔内,在硅油填充眼,曲安奈德的注入量为0.05mL(2mg),非硅油填充眼为0.1mL(4mg)。手术后随访2~4月,观察曲安奈德颗粒的消失时间、抗炎效果和并发症。结果曲安奈德颗粒从眼内消失的时间,硅油填充眼为2~3月,非硅油填充眼为1~1.5月。术后均未出现明显的早期眼部炎症反应。眼压升高2眼,1眼由硅油引起,另1眼发生在手术后4月,由葡萄膜炎引起。无与曲安奈德相关的并发症发生。结论对复杂的玻璃体视网膜手术,术中玻璃体腔内注射曲安奈德可有效地防止血眼屏障破坏,减轻手术后眼部炎症反应。     

Avastin联合曲安奈德玻璃体腔注射治疗糖尿病视网膜病变伴黄斑水肿

目的:观察Avastin联合曲安奈德玻璃体腔注射治疗糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)伴黄斑水肿(macularedema,ME)的临床效果。方法:选取2007-03/2008-04我院门诊或住院的DR伴ME患者34例,每例均为双眼发病,随机分为观察组17例,对照组17例,观察组采用玻璃体腔Avastin(20g/L)、曲安奈德(40g/L)联合注射治疗,对照组采用玻璃体腔曲安奈德(40g/L)注射治疗。观察并记录视力、眼压、视网膜新生血管和ME情况。结果:观察组的治愈率为64.7%,而对照组的治愈率仅为41.2%,观察组治愈率明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:Avastin联合曲安奈德玻璃体腔注射治疗糖尿病视网膜病变伴黄斑水肿的有效的方法。     

ILMP及玻璃体腔注药联合硅油填充治疗高度近视MHRD合并脉络膜脱离

目的:观察内界膜剥除(internal limiting membrane peeling,ILMP)和玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德联合硅油填充治疗高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离合并脉络膜脱离的临床疗效.方法:高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离合并脉络膜脱离患者28例28眼,均行玻璃体切割(pars plana vitrectomy,PPV)吲哚菁绿辅助的ILMP以及硅油填充手术,术中将曲安奈德注射于玻璃体腔,术后随访6~24mo,观察术后视网膜复位率、视力恢复情况和术后并发症.结果:术后随访6~24mo,患者手术后平均LogMAR矫正视力为1.01± 0.31,与手术前平均LogMAR矫正视力比较,差异有统计学意义(t=-39.28,P<0.01).黄斑裂孔闭合19眼(68%),黄斑裂孔未闭合9眼(32%),26眼视网膜复位(93%),6眼出现高眼压.结论:玻璃体切割联合ILMP及硅油填充和玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德治疗高度近视黄斑裂孔性视网膜脱离合并脉络膜脱离,可阻止增生性玻璃体视网膜病变的再生,提高视网膜复位率.     

Bevacizumab联合玻璃体切割及曲安奈德治疗增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变的观察

目的 通过观察Bevacizumab联合玻璃体切除、曲安奈德治疗增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变(PDR)的视功能恢复及并发症发生情况,回顾性对比分析三联疗法治疗PDR的临床效果和优势.方法 PDR患者共98例(98只眼),实验组PDR52例(52只眼),对照组PDR46例(46只眼),全身检查无手术禁忌证,两组均采用标准三通道玻璃体切除术、剥膜、眼内光凝.实验组均在患者知情情况下术前玻璃体腔注射贝伐单抗Avastin l.25 mg,第7天行玻璃体切除术,术毕关闭穿刺口前注入曲安奈德2 mg.对照组仅在术毕关闭穿刺口前玻璃体腔注入曲安奈德2 mg.对比观察两组手术操作时间,术后眼压(IOP),黄斑区厚度及最佳矫正视力.结果 在行玻璃体切除、剥膜过程中,实验组剥膜较容易,出血明显减少,对照组剥膜相对较困难,耗时,两组手术时间相比差异有统计学意义(t=28.50,P=0.000).术后l周、1、3、6个月两组眼压比较差异无统计学意(t=0.664,0.852,0.742,0.110,P=0.515,0.406,0.468,0.914).术后2周两组相比黄斑区厚度差异有统计学意义(t=5.665,P=0.000).术后1、3、6月各时间点黄斑区厚度实验组与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(t=0.590,0.984,1.292,P＝0.563,0.388,0.213).术后末次随访视力与术前相比均有不同程度的提高,实验组≤0.02 12例,≤0.05 11例,≤0.3 16例,＞0.3 13例;对照组≤0.02 11例;≤0.05 12例,≤0.3 14例,＞0.3 9例.结论 术前玻璃体腔注射Bevacizumab有助于易化手术操作,容易薄膜,减少术中出血,联合曲安奈德玻璃体腔注射有效减轻术后玻璃体腔及前房反应,减轻黄斑水肿,有利于视功能的恢复.     

玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德术后继发性青光眼的发生率和危险因素分析

目的:分析玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德术后继发性青光眼的发生率和危险因素。方法:对连续收治的256例有玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德适应证的各类眼底病患者实施单次玻璃腔注射4mg/0.1mL曲安奈德手术,观察其术后眼压变化情况。主要适应证包括湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性,其它原因如糖尿病性视网膜病变、视网膜中央静脉阻塞、视网膜分支静脉阻塞,视网膜静脉周围炎等引起的黄斑水肿性疾病。结果:256例256眼经至少3mo的追踪观察随访中,56眼发生继发性青光眼,发病率为21.9%。结论:继发性青光眼与年龄、性别、血压、糖尿病、玻璃体腔注药术的不同适应证、术前是否行白内障手术、是否行光动力治疗、是否行玻璃体切除手术等因素没有相关性。注药前青光眼病史的存在和基础眼压高于19mmHg等情况为术后继发性青光眼的显著危险因素。     

眼底激光联合玻璃体腔注药治疗合并黄斑水肿的糖尿病性视网膜病变的临床观察

目的:探讨全视网膜光凝术联合玻璃体腔注药术治疗合并黄斑水肿的糖尿病性视网膜病变的效果。方法:应用532半导体绿激光治疗机对视网膜病变达Ⅲ期以上同时合并黄斑水肿的糖尿病性视网膜病变患者,行全视网膜光凝术,术后1wk行曲安奈德玻璃体腔注射。结果:治疗后241眼中视力提高及无下降者218眼,有效率占90.5%,视力下降及玻璃体出血23眼,占9.5%,治疗前后有非常显著的临床意义。结论:全视网膜光凝术联合玻璃体腔注药术治疗合并黄斑水肿的糖尿病性视网膜病变安全有效。     

眼球破裂伤早期玻璃体手术应用曲安奈德的临床分析

目的 探讨眼球破裂伤早期玻璃体手术联合应用曲安奈德的疗效.方法 眼球破裂伤一期手术修补眼球后早期行玻璃体手术时分为用药组(37例,37只眼)和对照组(39例,39只眼).两组眼球破裂伤患者均一期手术修补眼球,术后7～14d行玻璃体手术.用药组术中向玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德,实施了可视化的玻璃体手术.结果 眼球破裂伤早期玻璃体手术中玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德使得术中更能清楚的辨认玻璃体后皮质,视网膜前的增殖膜,内界膜等眼内组织.更好得完成人工的玻璃体后脱离,彻底清除玻璃体后皮质,减少了黄斑前玻璃体皮质残留所引起的并发症,术后炎症反应明显减轻.结论 曲安奈德可以使得玻璃体可视化,提高了眼球破裂伤二次玻璃体手术的准确性与安全性,减少了术后的并发症,减轻了手术后的炎症反应.     

玻璃体腔注射Avastin在晚期增生性糖尿病视网膜病变术中应用分析

目的 探讨玻璃体腔注射Avsstin对晚期增生性糖尿病视网膜病变手术难度的改善、术中眼内填充的选择、手术并发症的发生及疗效情况.方法 2008年7至12月,对晚期增生性糖尿病视网膜病变的病人38例38只眼术前先行玻璃体腔注射Avastin0.06ml(注射组),然后行手术治疗.选择2008年1至6月未进行玻璃体腔注射Avastin的晚期增生性糖尿病视网膜病变的病人47例47只眼作对照(非注射组).观察:(1)注射组与非注射组患者手术中出血情况,医源性裂孔发生率及增殖膜剥除的彻底性;(2)术中需要行硅油填充的比例;(3)术后再出血、再增殖等的发生情况;(4)手术后病人的视力.结果 注射组较大量出血2只眼,5.3%;非注射组20只眼,42.6%(P<0.05).注射组医源性裂孔3只眼,6.4%;非注射组12只眼,25.5%(P<0.05).注射组增殖膜都能彻底剥除,非注射组4只眼进行膜分割,有膜蒂残留.注射组术中2只眼需要硅油填充,5.3%,非注射组11只眼需要硅油填充,23.4%(P<0.05 ).注射组术后有1只眼出现Ⅲ级玻璃体反应,非注射组有4只眼.随访期内,注射组没有再出血的病例,非注射组再出血6只眼,12.8%.注射组术后没有再增殖的病例,非注射组有2只眼因再增殖需再次手术治疗.术后视力注射组为光感至0.2,非注射组为光感至0.1,两组间差异没有统计学意义,但注射组和非注射组术前术后视力均有统计学差异,其P值分别为0.043和0.046.结论 在晚期增生性糖尿病视网膜病变手术前玻璃体腔注射Avastin,能有效控制手术中的出血、膜剥离不彻底、医源性裂孔等并发症的发生,减少硅油填充的比例,减少术后玻璃体冉出血及增殖,大大降低了手术的风险,提高了手术的成功率.     

糖尿病视网膜病变玻璃体手术中应用曲安奈德的并发症观察

目的:讨论糖尿病视网膜病变玻璃体手术中应用曲安奈德的并发症.方法:回顾性分析2005-02/2007-01在我院进行的18例玻璃体手术中应用曲安奈德的增生性糖尿病视网膜病变患者手术后的反应.结果:手术后随访3～6(平均4.6)mo,出现高眼压2例;假性前房积脓1例;手术后玻璃体再出血3例;3例视网膜表面及黄斑区曲安奈德沉积.结论:手术后出现的假性前房积脓、视网膜表面及黄斑区曲安奈德沉积等并发症可不用特殊处理,自行吸收.术后出现的高眼压可通过降眼压药物治疗.手术后出现的玻璃体再出血可在药物不能吸收时通过再次手术治疗.     

Avastin as an adjunct to vitrectomy in the management of severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a prospective case series

Purpose:  Bevacizumab (Avastin) is a monoclonal antibody which targets all isoforms of vascular endothelial growth factor A. Its potent anti-angiogenic effects have been shown to cause regression of neovascularization in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of Avastin as an adjunct to vitrectomy in the management of severe diabetic eye disease.
Methods:  Sixteen patients (18 eyes) with severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy were recruited into the study. All eyes underwent a single intravitreal injection of bevacizumab 1.25 mg in 0.05 mL prior to vitrectomy surgery for the management of tractional retinal detachment or vitreous haemorrhage due to severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Results:  At 3 months, seven eyes had visual acuities which were better than baseline, four were unchanged and seven were worse. At 6 months, 14 eyes had visual acuities better than baseline, one was unchanged and three were worse. Seven of the 18 eyes (38.8%) had postoperative rebleeds, six of which required surgical washout.
Conclusion:  Avastin improved the ease of the surgery in these complex eyes and the early results are encouraging. We have found it to be particularly useful in diabetic eyes with traction detachments of short duration in which there is still active neovascularization.     

Efficacy of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide in the visualization of the vitreous during pars plana vitrectomy

PURPOSE: To retrospectively evaluate the efficacy of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) injection during pars plana vitrectomy, to facilitate the visualization of the internal limiting membrane (ILM), residual vitreous cortex (RVC) and preretinal membranes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Pars plana vitrectomy was performed in 164 patients due to rhematogenous retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage, macular hole, lens luxation, endophthalmitis, intraocular foreign body, malignant glaucoma, preretinal membrane and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. After surgical separation of the posterior vitreous and removal of any visible epiretinal membrane, TA suspension was injected over the posterior pole into the vitreous cavity. Then, visualized RVC was removed and ILM peeling was performed. RESULTS: Upon intravitreal injection of TA, vitreous and ILM could be visualized by numerous particles of TA dispersed as white specks. RVC and ILM were completely removed in all patients. No complications related to the use of TA were encountered, even after complex procedures such as, vitrectomy combined with scleral buckling or phakoemulsification surgery in a long term follow up. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative visualization of RVC and ILM with intravitreal TA was found to be a useful adjunct to pars plana vitrectomy. This technique may facilitate both removal of epiretinal membrane and separation of vitreous, especially in patients with undetached vitreous.     

严重PDR玻璃体切割术后雷珠单抗注射的效果观察

目的：对严重增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变的患者行玻璃体切割术后行雷珠单抗注射的效果观察。方法：回归性分析。12例严重增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变患者(12眼)接受睫状体平坦部玻璃体切割术,同时给予硅油、惰性气体或者平衡液的玻璃体腔填充。在手术结束的同时给予雷珠单抗的玻璃体腔注射。结果：随访时间平均为2.75 mo。这12眼中分别包括玻璃体积血(1眼);玻璃体积血伴纤维血管化增生(1眼);玻璃体积血伴牵拉性视网膜脱离(3眼);纤维血管化增生伴牵拉性视网膜脱离(2眼);玻璃体积血伴新生血管性青光眼伴牵拉性视网膜脱离(1眼);玻璃体积血伴纤维血管化增生伴牵拉性视网膜脱离(2眼);玻璃体积血伴纤维血管化增生伴新生血管性青光眼伴牵拉性视网膜脱离(1眼);玻璃体积血伴牵拉性孔源性视网膜脱离(1眼)。12眼中,8眼行玻璃体腔硅油填充,2眼行惰性气体填充,2眼行平衡液填充。所有的患者之前均未接受任何治疗。视网膜脱离复位率为10/10(100%)。1眼术后出现前房积血。9眼术后最佳矫正视力较术前提高,2眼无明显变化,1眼较术前下降。 OCT检查显示8眼术后未见黄斑水肿。结论：玻璃体切割术后雷珠单抗注射对严重增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变患者有明显的治疗效果：手术成功率明显提高;患者视力显著提高;糖尿病黄斑水肿的发生概率减少;术中及术后并发症的发生率降低。     

Intraocular pressure after intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide following vitrectomy for macular edema

PURPOSE: To evaluate long-term intraocular pressure (IOP) response after intravitreal injections of different doses of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) upon completion of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for macular edema secondary to diabetic retinopathy or retinal vein occlusion. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective, consecutive, comparative, interventional case series. Twenty-seven eyes of 25 consecutive patients with macular edema associated with diabetic retinopathy (n=18) or retinal vein occlusion (n=9), who underwent PPV for the treatment of macular edema between January 2003 and December 2003, were included. Upon completion of vitrectomy, different doses of TA were injected into the vitreous cavity: 14 eyes with 5 mg of TA (group 1) and 13 eyes with 10 mg of TA (group 2). The main outcome measure was IOP. RESULTS: All patients were followed up for at least 12 months. Preoperative IOP was 12.6+/-2.6 mm Hg (mean+/-standard deviation) in group 1 and 13.2+/-2.1 mm Hg in group 2. Postoperatively, IOP increased to a mean maximum of 20.6+/-5.5 mm Hg in group 1 and 31.5+/-3.5 mm Hg in group 2 (P<0.01 for both groups). The difference between groups was also significant (P<0.05). Five of 14 eyes (36%) in group 1 and 10 of 13 eyes (77%) in group 2 had an elevation of IOP exceeding 21 mm Hg (P=0.03). The median interval from surgery to reach maximal IOP was 7 days in both groups. The significant IOP elevation lasted for 3 months in group 1 and 6 months in group 2. CONCLUSIONS: After injecting of TA into the vitreous cavity upon completion of PPV for macular edema, a dose-dependent IOP elevation was observed, starting from early postoperative days and returning to normal values after several months. These results show that intravitreal TA injection in the vitrectomized eyes might have different IOP changes from in the nonvitrectomized eyes.     

玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗联合玻璃体切除术治疗PDR的疗效

目的：观察玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗联合玻璃体切除术治疗增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变(PDR)的临床疗效。

方法：回顾性研究。选取2016-05/2017-05于我院眼科治疗的PDR患者60例66眼,根据治疗方式不同分为两组,均为30例33眼。A组患者玻璃体切除术前3～5d注射雷珠单抗,B组患者仅行玻璃体切除术。比较两组患者术中医源性视网膜裂孔、玻璃体内出血及术后视力和并发症发生情况。

结果：术中两组患者均出现医源性视网膜裂孔、玻璃体内出血,A组医源性视网膜裂孔眼数、术中玻璃体内出血发生率均低于B组(P<0.05)。术后A组患者视力改善优于B组(P<0.05)。手术治疗后,A组患者玻璃体内出血、高眼压和黄斑水肿眼数较B组少(P<0.05)。

结论：术前接受玻璃体腔注射雷珠单抗联合玻璃体切除术治疗PDR能有效减少医源性视网膜裂孔、术中玻璃体内出血的情况发生,术后并发症较少,有利于患者恢复。     

玻璃体切除联合曲安奈德治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变

目的:评价玻璃体切除联合曲安奈德(triamcinolone acetonide,TA)球内注射治疗增生性糖尿病视网膜病变(proliferative diabetic refinopathy,PDR)的疗效。方法:分析本院因PDR住院治疗患者90例98眼,玻璃体切除术联合TA球内注射50眼和单纯行玻璃体切除术48眼,比较两组患者治疗前后的矫正视力、眼内炎症、反应眼压和眼底等情况。结果:随访至术后6mo。TA注射组术后前房炎症反应及黄斑水肿的发生率较单纯手术组降低,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后视力改善程度及眼压升高的发生率组间差异无统计学意义。结论:玻璃体切除联合TA球内注射治疗PDR与单纯玻璃体切除术比较,可以减少术后眼内炎症反应及黄斑水肿的发生。     

Diabetic retinopathy – An update

Management of diabetes should involve both systemic and ocular aspects. Control of hyperglycemia, hypertension and dyslipidemia are of major role in the management of diabetic retinopathy. In the ocular part; laser treatment remains the cornerstone of treatment of diabetic macular edema (focal/grid), severe non-proliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (panretinal photocoagulation). There is a strong support to combination therapy. Using one or two intravitreal injections such as anti-VEGF and or steroid to reduce central macular thickness followed by focal or grid laser to give a sustained response may offer an alternative to treatment in diabetic macular edema. Anti-VEGF were found to be effective as an adjunct therapy in proliferative diabetic retinopathy patient who is going to have vitrectomy for vitreous hemorrhage with neovascularization, panretinal photocoagulation, and other ocular surgery such as cases with neovascular glaucoma and cataract with refractory macular edema.     

Macular hole formation in diabetic retinopathy: the role of coexisting macular edema

The aim of this study was to characterise different etiologies for the development of macular holes in diabetic retinopathy. We examined 8 eyes of 8 patients with known diabetic retinopathy who had developed a macular hole. These were classified as follows: related to macular edema (4 eyes), non-related to macular edema (2 eyes), intraoperative (1 eye) or postoperative (1 eye) after pars plana vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. In three patients the macular holes were treated with pars plana vitrectomy and fluid air exchange. In diabetic eyes with macular edema, macular holes may develop because of intraretinal exudation combined with increased vitreomacular attachments and tractions. The mechanism of macular hole formation in diabetic eyes without macular edema probably results from the same increased tangential vitreous traction which is seen in idiopathic age-related macular holes. Iatrogenically induced macular holes during pars plana vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy may be also due to intraoperative vitreoretinal tugging. Finally, macular holes developing after vitrectomy may have an etiology not related to vitreous tractions or attachments. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.