蒙古族人群体重指数、腰围、腰臀比对高血压预测价值的ROC曲线评价

目的 蒙古族人群探讨体重指数(BMI)、腰围(WC)、腰臀比(WHR)与高血压的关系及对高血压的预测价值.方法 采用ROC曲线评价.结果 正常血压组不同性别间的BMI、WC、WHR差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01),高血压组不同性别间的BMI和WHR差异均有统计差异(P＜0.01),而与WC的差异无统计学差异(P＞0.05);男性各指标对高血压预测价值的大小依次为:WHR＞ WC＞ BMI;女性为:WC＞ WHR＞ BMI.结论BMI、WC、WHR是蒙古族高血压重要的预测因子.     

不同肥胖指标对糖尿病风险预测效果分析

目的探讨体质指数(BMI)、腰围(WC)、腰臀比(WHR)、腰围身高比(WHtR)4种肥胖指标对预测糖尿病风险的效果。方法利用四川成都市2008年调查5 205名40～70岁人群数据,分析4种指标及身高的相关关系;应用受试者特性曲线(ROC)、Logistic回归分析比较4个指标对糖尿病的预测效果。结果 WHtR与腰围相关性最高(男性r=0.938 4,女性r=0.956 2,P0.05);4个指标中,ROC曲线下面积男性WHR最大,女性WHtR最大(男性c=0.641 5,女性c=0.669 2);Logistic回归分析中,男性WHR,女性WC预测价值最佳(男性OR=3.107,女性OR=2.684),调整4个指标交互作用后,BMI结合WC、WHR、WHtR并不能明显提高模型预测效果。结论本研究人群糖尿病风险模型中,男性选择WHR作为肥胖评定指标,最佳切点为0.90,女性选择WC作为肥胖评定指标,最佳切点为83 cm,但在不同地区和人群的应用需要进一步研究。     

腹型肥胖与高血压和高血脂及高血糖的相关性

目的 研究腰围(WC)、腰臀比(WHR)、腰围身高比值(WHtR)3个腹型肥胖指标与高血糖、高血脂和高血压的相关性,为有效预防相关疾病提供科学依据.方法 于2008年3-5月,从参加延吉市社区健康体检并资料完整的居民中随机整群抽取2个社区的居民,共886例作为研究对象.采用偏相关分析、多元线性回归和二分类非条件logistic回归分析腹型肥胖指标WC、WHR、WHtR与高血压、高血脂、高血糖之间的关系.结果 男性WC、WHR超标率高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).不同性别人群WHtR差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).WHtR与空腹血糖、收缩压、甘油三酯和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的相关程度(男性分别为0.35、0.31、0.35、-0.28,女性分别为0.36、0.29、0.36、-0.30)均强于WHR、WC,相关性有统计学意义(P＜0.01).男性和女性空腹血糖多元回归模型中均包括WHtR与WHR;男、女舒张压回归模型均有WHtR与WC.logistic回归分析结果显示,WHtR、WHR、WC升高患高血压、高甘油三酯血症、高血糖的危险性增加,其中WHtR作用更强(OR=3.89,95％ CI:3.22～5.65;OR=2.52,95％ CI:1.97～3.05; OR=2.92,95％ CI:2.26～3.68).结论 WHtR、WHR、WC与高血压、高甘油三酯血症、高血糖的发生相关,其中WHtR的相关性更强.     

腰围身高比值预测成人高血压的Meta分析

目的 探索腰围身高比值是否能更好地反映肥胖对成人高血压的影响.方法 以"腰围身高比值"或"腰围/身高比"或"腰围/身高"、"高血压"、"ROC"等为关键词或主题词,检索中外重要数据库,同时追溯相关参考文献.采用Meta分析方法,分性别以体质指数(BMI)、腰围(WC)、腰臀比(WHR)及腰围身高比值(WHTR)对高血压调查对象的工作曲线(ROC)下面积(AUC)作为评价指标.利用Stata 9.2软件进行统计分析.结果 共纳入8篇文献.全部人群男、女性WHTR的AUC(95%CI)分别为0.680(0.645～0.714)和0.718(0.676～0.761);对以中国人群为研究对象的3项研究进行亚组分析,男、女性WHTR的AUC(95%CI)分别为0.686(0.637～0.736)和0.795(0.770～0.819).与BMI、WC及WHR相比,无论男女,均是WHTR对高血压的AUC合并值最大.但差别无统计学意义(P＞0.05).中国女性WHTR的合并值大于男性,差别有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 WHTR可能比BMI、WHR、WC能更好地反映肥胖对成人尤其是对中国成年女性高血压的影响.     

昆明市居民劳动强度与体质指数、腰围和腰臀比关系探讨

目的探讨昆明市20岁及以上城乡居民劳动强度与体质指数（BMI）、腰围（WC）和腰臀比（WHR）的关系。方法采用多阶段抽样方法,随机抽取昆明市20岁及以上常住城乡居民5191人进行问卷调查、人体测量、生化指标检测和劳动强度分级。结果调查对象超重肥胖、腹型肥胖和向心性肥胖患病率均呈现随着年龄递增,在一定年龄段达最高,以后逐渐下降趋势（χ^2=63.327,27.672,252.876,22.311,184.063,P均〈0.001）。空腹血糖、2小时葡萄糖耐量、血压、体质指数、腰围和腰臀比均随着劳动强度级别的增加而下降（F=24.101,9.535,36.919,16.486,21.008,60.493,20.658,P均〈0.05）。超重肥胖、男性和女性腹型肥胖、男性和女性向心性肥胖的患病率均随着劳动强度级别的增加而下降（χ2=32.460,22.837,67.250,7.239,54.470,P均〈0.05）。结论超重肥胖已成为威胁昆明市城乡居民健康的严重公共卫生问题。居民的劳动强度级别与体质指数、腰围和腰臀比有关。经常性的适度体力劳动有助于降低居民超重肥胖、腹型肥胖和向心性肥胖的患病风险,体力劳动强度对各型肥胖患病率有保护作用。     

应用简易体脂参数估测男性2型糖尿病患者腹内型肥胖的可靠性评价

[目的]评价体重指数(BMI)、腰围(WC)、腰臀比(WHR)估测男性2型糖尿病患者腹内型肥胖的最佳临界点、敏感度及特异度.[方法]应用CT对91例男性2型糖尿病患者在腰椎4-5间隙水平进行腹腔内脏器脂肪含量(VA)的测量,同时测量其体重(BW)、身高(H)、腰围(WC)、臀围(HC)、并计算体重指数(BMI)和腰臀比(WHR).以受试者工作特性(ROC)曲线评价简易体脂参数对男性2型糖尿病患者腹内型肥胖的诊断价值.[结果]②经CT诊断,超重及肥胖者中89.80%、正常体重者中47.62%呈腹内型肥胖(VA≥100 cm2);③BMI、WC、WHR与腹内脂肪面积呈正相关关系,尤以BMI、WC的相关性为好;③简易体脂参数估测男性2型糖尿病患者腹内脂肪积聚的最佳切割点为BMI:25 kg/m2,WC:90 cm,WHR:0.93;④当BMI≥28 kg/m2,100%的患者为腹内型肥胖,当WC≥95cm时,91.90%的患者为腹内型肥胖.[结论]BMI、WC及WHR都可估测男性2型糖尿病患者腹内型肥胖,但以BMI、WC的准确率为高.     

常熟市≥35岁人群肥胖测量指标与糖尿病患病关系研究

目的 探讨肥胖测量指标BMI(体质指数)、WC(腰围)、WHR(腰臀比)、WHtR(腰身比)与糖尿病患病的关系.方法 采用多阶段整群随机抽样的方法,随机抽取6个乡镇/街道≥35岁的居民11599名进行问卷调查并体检,分析BMI、WC、WHR、WHtR和糖尿病的关系.结果 常熟市≥35岁成人糖尿病患病率12.18％,空腹血糖平均水平为(5.66±1.32)mmol/L.不同BMI、WC、WHR、WHtR组间空腹血糖水平差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05);BMI、WC、WHR、WHtR与空腹血糖水平呈正相关关系;BMI、WC、WHR、WHtR最高分位组糖尿病患病风险分别是最低分位组的4.40、2.50、2.26、2.13倍(P值均＜0.05).BMI、WC、WHR、WHtR每增加1个标准差,糖尿病患病风险分别增加40.0％、50.4％、52.3％、46.2％.结论 肥胖测量指标BMI、WC、WHR、WHtR与糖尿病关系密切,糖尿病患病风险随着肥胖程度的增加而升高,中心性肥胖指标对糖尿病的筛查价值优于BMI.     

宜昌市夷陵区35岁以上居民肥胖指标与高血压的关系及其预测价值

目的探讨宜昌市夷陵区35岁以上居民体质指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)、腰围(WC)与高血压的关系及其预测价值。方法 2011年7月至2012年9月运用分层整群抽样的方法对宜昌市夷陵区35岁以上居民共9 871人进行身高、体重、WC、臀围、血压测量,并进行问卷调查,采用多因素logistic回归分析、受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析肥胖与高血压的关系及预测价值。结果资料完整者9 849名,有效应答率为99.78%。其中,男性4 066名(41.28%),女性5 783名(58.72%)。男性和女性高血压患病率分别为38.71%和34.20%;男女性居民收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP)水平及高血压患病率在不同BMI分组间差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。男女性居民中心性肥胖者其SBP和DBP水平及高血压患病率高于正常体重者,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。校正年龄后,男女性居民肥胖指标罹患高血压风险BMI的OR值最大(男性和女性分别为1.080和1.122)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,在男女性居民中,WC的曲线下面积最大,WHR的曲线下面积最小,但三者的曲线下面积差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论超重、肥胖以及中心性肥胖者更易患高血压,BMI、WHR、WC各指数均能较好地预测高血压风险。     

腹型肥胖与社区中老年人糖尿病关系的调查

目的了解本社区中老年人群腹型肥胖和糖尿病(DM)的现患率,分析腹型肥胖与糖尿病的关系。方法对1130名45岁以上的中老年人进行问卷调查和身高、体重、腰围(WC)、臀围、腰臀比(WHR)及血糖的检测,比较腹型肥胖组和正常体型组人群糖尿病患病率的差异。结果本社区45岁以上中老年人群腹型肥胖现患率达59.47%(WC标准)、66.55%(WHR标准),糖尿病现患率达12.83%。腹型肥胖组糖尿病患病率高于正常体型组。WC、WHR和BMI均与空腹血糖(FBG)呈正相关,r值的大小和显著性是WHR>WC>BMI。结论肥胖,尤其是腹型肥胖,是糖尿病的重要危险因素,WHR与糖尿病的相关性优于WC和BMI。     

不同肥胖测量指标在代谢综合征评估中的意义

目的了解不同肥胖测量指标在代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome,Met S)评估中的意义。方法选取某铁路公司6 703名职工的体格检查资料,计算体质量指数(BMI)、腰围(WC)、腰臀比(WHR)、腰围/身高比值(WHt R)等不同肥胖测量指标,筛查研究人群Met S及组分患病率。结果 6 703名铁路职工Met S总患病率为21.6%,男性及女性患病率分别为23.4%、10.1%;Met S患病率随着年龄增长而增加,男性大于女性;Met S在不同肥胖测量指标的检出率由低到高依次为WHR(78.1%)、WC(90.3%)、WHt R(94.2%)、BMI(14.5%+81.2%),差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论综合评价分析,WHt R、WC、BMI可作为筛查评估Met S的理想指标。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.