GluN2亚基在海洛因诱导CPP模型大鼠PrL区的表达

目的:研究大鼠内侧前额叶皮质(mPFC)边缘前区(PrL)GluN2亚基在海洛因诱导条件位置性偏爱(CPP)及戒断状态的表达。方法:24只SD大鼠随机分为对照组(control)和海洛因诱导组。海洛因诱导组大鼠按实验进程分为两种状态,即海洛因诱导CPP状态(heroin)和海洛因戒断状态(withdrawal)。用小剂量递增法皮下注射海洛因,行大鼠海洛因诱导CPP建模,并自然戒断,免疫荧光染色检测各组大鼠PrL区GluN2亚基NR2A、NR2B、NR2C、NR2D的表达。结果:大鼠经过连续7 d小剂量递增法注射海洛因,形成了稳定的CPP;免疫荧光染色结果显示,大鼠CPP状态PrL区NR2B表达较对照组显著增强(P<0.01),其他亚基无明显变化。海洛因自然戒断7 d后,戒断状态大鼠PrL区NR2A、NR2C表达较对照组和CPP状态皆显著增强(P<0.01)。戒断状态NR2B表达水平显著高于对照组(P<0.01),但与CPP状态无显著差异。结论:大鼠海洛因依赖CPP的形成与PrL区NR2B亚基的活性密切相关,NR2A和NR2C可能参与药物戒断症状的调控。推测PrL区GluN2不同亚基在海洛因成瘾不同阶段作用不同,并可能成为临床海洛因成瘾干预和治疗的重要靶点。     

BDNF和GDNF在海洛因诱导条件性位置偏爱大鼠mPFC的表达

目的:研究大鼠边缘前区(PrL)和下边缘皮层(IL)BDNF和GDNF在海洛因诱导条件性位置偏爱(CPP)及戒断状态的表达变化.方法:SD大鼠随机分为对照组(control)和海洛因诱导组,海洛因诱导组分为海洛因诱导CPP状态(heroin)和戒断状态(withdrawal).小剂量递增法行海洛因诱导CPP建模,并自然...     

海洛因诱导大鼠伏隔核NMDA受体亚基对GABA表达的影响

目的:研究大鼠伏隔核(NAc)在海洛因诱导条件性位置偏爱(CPP)状态及戒断状态下，NMDA受体亚基NR2B和NR2C对GABA表达的调控，探索GABA能神经元上NR2B和NR2C亚基在海洛因诱导中的作用。方法:将SD大鼠随机分为两组，即对照组和海洛因诱导组。海洛因诱导组又分为海洛因诱导CPP状态和海洛因戒断状态。采用海洛因小剂量递增法皮下连续注射7 d,建立海洛因诱导CPP模型，再自然戒断7 d,免疫组织化学染色检测各组大鼠伏隔核GABA和NR2B、NR2C亚基的位置关系。结果:采用小剂量递增法连续注射7 d海洛因，大鼠形成了稳定的海洛因诱导CPP模型。免疫荧光染色结果可见，各组大鼠伏隔核均有GABA、NR2B和NR2C表达，且GABA与NR2B及NR2C受体均有共表达。免疫组织化学结果显示，海洛因成瘾状态大鼠伏隔核GABA表达量明显高于对照组和戒断状态，具显著性差异(P<0.01)。戒断状态大鼠GABA表达量最低。结论:GABA的表达变化受NMDA受体亚基活性的影响；NR2B亚基对GABA的调控作用可能参与了海洛因依赖的复燃。     

腹侧被盖区TLR4在吗啡条件性位置偏爱中的作用

目的研究腹侧被盖区免疫受体TLR4在吗啡成瘾中的作用。方法以成年雄性SD大鼠为研究对象,进行颅骨置管手术,在中脑腹侧被盖区双侧微量注射药物,采用条件性位置偏爱测试(CPP)这一药物成瘾研究的经典实验模型进行测试。结果皮下注射7.5 mg/kg吗啡诱导吗啡成瘾的获得,但单次吗啡注射并不能诱导成瘾;长期吗啡注射诱导的条件性位置偏爱在吗啡给药结束后至少可维持6d;注射TLR4拮抗剂LPS-RS可抑制大鼠吗啡条件性位置偏爱获得;吗啡CPP获得后在大鼠腹侧被盖区内单次注射LPS-RS,无法阻断吗啡CPP表达;CPP获得后连续5d腹侧被盖区内注射LPS-RS可阻断吗啡CPP维持。结论腹侧被盖区TLR4在吗啡CPP的获得和维持中起重要作用,腹侧被盖区TLR4可能是治疗吗啡成瘾的一个潜在靶点。     

海洛因诱导的条件性位置偏爱大鼠额叶联络皮层脑电的无线遥测及其分析

目的:利用条件性位置偏爱(CPP)视频系统结合脑电无线遥测技术,记录海洛因诱导的CPP大鼠额叶联络皮层(FrA)区的脑电变化,分析其与觅药行为之间的关系。方法:对大鼠FrA区进行脑立体定位电极埋藏,并分成对照组和海洛因诱导CPP组,后者制作海洛因依赖模型。利用无线遥测技术,分别记录2组大鼠黑白箱停留、黑-白穿梭和白-黑穿梭时大鼠FrA区脑电变化,分析其各波相对功率和百分比的差异。结果:海洛因诱导的CPP组大鼠黑白箱停留时遥测脑电各波相对功率和百分比,与对照组比较无显著差异(P>0.05),但海洛因诱导的CPP大鼠穿梭时左侧FrA脑电波呈现δ波减少、β波和β₂波增加的改变(P<0.05,P<0.01),尤以黑-白箱穿梭明显,而对照组大鼠穿梭时则表现出截然相反的脑电变化。结论:大鼠左侧FrA区慢波减少、快波增加的特异性改变,可能与海洛因诱导的CPP大鼠戒断状态下穿梭觅药行为及其动机形成有关。     

吗啡成瘾大鼠边缘下区脑电活动的无线遥测及分析

 目的：遥测并分析吗啡成瘾大鼠条件性位置偏爱（conditioned place preference,CPP）模型制备前后边缘下区（infralimbic cortex, IL）脑电活动的实时变化。方法：选用雄性SD大鼠随机分2组（吗啡戒断组和盐水对照组,每组各12只）,进行脑立体定位埋植电极手术,采用吗啡注射结合CPP训练制备吗啡成瘾大鼠CPP模型,对照组注射生理盐水。利用CPP视频系统和脑电无线遥测系统,检测造模前后大鼠CPP行为的变化及IL区脑电活动的改变。结果：分别与造模前和对照组白箱内停留时间比较,戒断组大鼠戒断1~3 d在白箱内停留时间延长（均P<0.01）。与对照组比较,戒断组大鼠戒断3 d在白箱停留时,IL区脑电δ波明显减少,β波（β 2）明显增加（P<0.05或P<0.01）,α波及θ波变化无显著差异（P>0.05）;戒断组大鼠由黑箱向白箱穿梭时,IL区脑电表现为δ波显著增加（P<0.01）,α波（α 1、α 2）及β波（β 1、β 2）显著减少（均P<0.01）,θ波无明显变化（P>0.05）;戒断组大鼠在黑箱停留或由白箱向黑箱穿梭时,IL区脑电各波与对照组比较无显著差异（P>0.05）。结论：吗啡成瘾大鼠穿梭觅药与停留在药物相关环境中引发的IL区脑电活动的改变机制可能不同;IL区神经元功能可能存在双重性。     

海洛因成瘾、戒断、脱毒对大鼠前额叶皮质GDNF和p75NTR表达的影响

目的:研究大鼠海洛因成瘾、戒断、脱毒治疗期间,前额叶皮质(PFC)脑区中胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNF)和神经营养因子受体p75(p75NTR)的表达变化。方法:正常雄性SD大鼠32只,随机分为海洛因处理组(n=24)和对照组(n=8),海洛因处理组又分为海洛因成瘾组(HDG)、纳洛酮戒断组(HWG)、美沙酮脱毒治疗组(MDG)。各组大鼠取PFC脑区,采用免疫组织化学技术、Western Blot检测及图像分析方法研究GDNF和p75NTR阳性细胞的反应和蛋白表达情况。结果:(1)免疫组化结果显示:与对照组相比较,成瘾组中GDNF、p75NTR阳性细胞免疫反应明显减弱,平均光密度明显降低(P 0. 05),纳洛酮戒断之后GDNF、p75NTR阳性细胞免疫反应强度显著增强,平均光密度增强(P 0. 05)。(2) Western Blot结果显示:GDNF、p75NTR蛋白表达水平在海洛因成瘾大鼠PFC脑区显著降低(P 0. 05);经纳洛酮戒断和美沙酮脱毒治疗后GDNF、p75NTR蛋白表达水明显有所升高(P 0. 05)。结论:在海洛因成瘾、戒断、脱毒过程当中,GDNF和p75NTR的变化趋势大致相同,二者均有负性调节作用。     

电针对海洛因成瘾大鼠PAG内细胞凋亡和caspase-3表达的影响

目的:研究电针对海洛因成瘾大鼠中脑导水管周围灰质(periaqueductal gray,PAG)的细胞凋亡及caspase-3表达的影响。方法:大鼠被随机分为四组:正常对照组、海洛因成瘾组(成瘾组)、海洛因戒断组(戒断组)和海洛因戒断针刺组(针刺组)。按给药剂量逐日递增的原则皮下注射海洛因建立成瘾模型;针刺组大鼠成瘾后用韩氏穴位神经刺激器(HNAS)针刺双侧"足三里"和"三阴交"穴位,30min,每日1次,连续5d;免疫组织化学染色法测caspase-3的表达;流式细胞仪测细胞凋亡情况。结果:(1)与正常组相比,成瘾组、戒断组和针刺组大鼠PAG内的细胞凋亡和caspase-3的表达均增多(P0.05);(2)针刺组与成瘾组和戒断组相比,针刺组PAG内的细胞凋亡和caspase-3的表达均减少(P0.05)。结论:(1)海洛因成瘾导致大鼠PAG内细胞凋亡和caspase-3的表达增多;(2)HANS针刺对海洛因成瘾引起的大鼠细胞凋亡有抑制作用,并下调大鼠PAG内caspase-3的表达。     

海洛因作用不同时程诱导大鼠CPP及海洛因依赖大鼠VTA区CREB磷酸化研究

目的:观察不同时程注射海洛因对诱导大鼠条件位置偏爱(conditioned place preference,CPP)行为的影响及其海洛因依赖后大鼠VTA区CREB磷酸化的研究。方法:雄性SD大鼠32只(体重180～220 g),随机分为四组:海洛因依赖8 d组及其对照组,海洛因依赖10 d组及其对照组,每组8只。海洛因依赖组连续腹膜腔注射海洛因每日10 mg/kg,8 d和10 d,对照组注射等量的生理盐水,于训练结束的次日进行CPP检测。模型建立成功后,8 d组大鼠采用Western blot检测VTA区CREB磷酸化的表达。结果:(1)与相应的对照组比较,每日10mg/kg海洛因8、10 d组在伴药箱停留时间均明显延长(P<0.05),而两组大鼠在伴药箱停留时间比较差异无统计学意义。但8 d组更为省药、省时且大鼠无死亡。(2)与对照组比较,海洛因依赖8 d组大鼠VTA区CREB蛋白磷酸化增多(P<0.05)。结论:(1)两种时程均可成功建立大鼠CPP模型,但每日10 mg/kg海洛因8 d组建立的模型更为合适。(2)慢性海洛因给药大鼠VTA区CREB蛋白磷酸化增多。     

海洛因诱导位置偏爱大鼠额叶联络皮层脑电样本熵分析

为了探究海洛因诱导位置偏爱大鼠的觅药行为及动机形成与样本熵值之间的关联,在黑、白箱停留、白-黑箱穿梭、黑-白箱穿梭四种不同的大鼠行为状态下,研究对照组与海洛因诱导条件性位置偏爱(CPP)组大鼠的前额联络皮层(FrA)脑电(EEG)数据样本熵值。实验结果表明,与对照组比较,海洛因诱导CPP大鼠在白-黑箱穿梭和黑箱停留状态时,FrA区EEG样本熵值无显著改变;但黑-白箱穿梭和白箱停留状态时,FrA区EEG样本熵值显著变小(P0.01)。由此可见,海洛因诱导CPP大鼠觅药动机形成及其行为与EEG样本熵值改变之间密切相关。     

雷公藤甲素抗肿瘤血管新生的研究进展（英文）

雷公藤甲素(triptolide,TPL)是从中草药雷公藤中提取的一种有效活性物质,已被用来治疗多种疾病,包括系统性红斑狼疮,类风湿性关节炎,肾病综合征等,TPL甚至有很强的抑制肿瘤的活性。近些年的研究显示,TPL具有抗血管新生的能力,TPL不仅可以抑制肿瘤的增殖,诱导细胞的凋亡,还可以抑制肿瘤的转移,可以增加其它化疗药物的抗肿瘤活性。本综述将讨论TPL在抗肿瘤血管新生方面的研究进展,以及初步探讨其潜在的作用机制。     

Changes in activity of neutral proteases in tissues of ground squirrels in the dynamics of hibernation

Total activities of neutral proteases in the cerebral, hepatic, and myocardial tissues of ground squirrel vary during hibernation: in autumn (before hibernation) activities of the enzymes in the brain and myocardium start increasing, while in the liver they do not change. A common feature for all tissues is minimum activity of active neutral proteases in the middle of hibernation month 1 bout, while the maximum activity is recorded before awakening. Translated from Byulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 146, No. 9, pp. 278–280, September, 2008     

Kinetics of decline of maternal measles virus-neutralizing antibodies in sera of infants in France in 2006

The optimal age for measles vaccination is an important health issue, since maternal antibodies may neutralize the vaccine antigen before a specific immune response develops, while delaying vaccination may increase the risk of complicated diseases in infants. However, measles vaccination impacts the duration of protection afforded by transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies: vaccination-induced maternal antibodies disappear faster than disease-induced antibodies. In order to maintain protection against measles in infants, it is important to monitor the dynamics of this phenomenon in vaccinated populations. To assess the current situation in France, a multicenter, prospective seroepidemiological study was conducted in seven French hospitals between October 2005 and January 2007. Maternal measles antibody concentrations from 348 infants 0 to 15 months old were measured using the plaque reduction neutralization assay. Geometric mean concentrations and the percentage of infants with maternal measles antibody concentrations above the protection threshold (≥120 mIU/ml) were assessed according to age. Results show that after more than 20 years of routine measles vaccination in France, maternal measles-neutralizing antibodies decrease dramatically in French infants by 6 months of age, from 1,740 mIU/ml for infants 0 to 1 month old to 223 mIU/ml for infants 5 to 6 months old, and that 90% of infants are not protected against measles after 6 months of age. Infant protection against measles could be optimized both by increasing herd immunity through an increased vaccine coverage and by lowering the age of routine vaccination from 12 to 9 months.     

Effect of vitamin C in reducing the toxicity of endosulfan in liver in rabbits

In this study, the effect of endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide, and the ameliorating effect of vitamin C on the livers of New Zealand white rabbits were studied. Livers of the rabbits were examined grossly and histopathologically, and caspase-3 activity was detected by immunohistochemical methods. A total of twenty-four rabbits were divided into four groups (n=6). Rabbits in Group I (END) were daily given a sublethal dose of endosulfan (1 mg/kg bw) in corn oil by oral gavage for 6 weeks. Group II (END+C) received the same dose of endosulfan and additionally Vit C (20 mg/kg bw) every other day during this period. Group III (OIL+C) received corn oil daily by oral gavage and vitamin C every other day for 6 weeks. Group IV (OIL), the control group, received only corn oil daily, by oral gavage throughout the experiment. The concentration of α-endosulfan in the END group was higher in livers (0.102±0.012 ppb) than the β-endosulfan (0.072±0.001 ppb). Decreased accumulation of α and β endosulfan was observed in the END+C group (0.025±0.003 and 0.016±0.002 ppb, respectively) (p<0.0001). The most prominent gross findings at the necropsy were seen in the END group, in which swollen and pale livers were commonly observed. Hemorrhages, degenerations, necrosis, and in some rabbits bile duct hyperplasia were the marked histopathological findings of the END group. Caspase-3 positive reaction was more severe in this group than in the others. An ameliorating effect of Vit C on gross, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings was observed in the END+C group. The results revealed that endosulfan is highly toxic for rabbit livers. However, toxicity was decreased by Vit C treatment, which reduced the accumulation of endosulfan in livers four-fold.