2005年周宁县肾综合征出血热监测分析

[目的]为预防和控制周宁县肾综合征出血热(HFRS)提供科学依据。[方法]按《全国肾综合征出血热监测方案》进行人间、鼠间疫情监测。[结果]2005年我县报告HFRS22例,发病率11.16/10万,较前5年明显上升。主要分布在浦源、狮城镇。发病高峰为10～12月份。发病以17～59岁青壮年农民为主,男高于女。检测密切接触者血清20份均阴性。褐家鼠、黄毛鼠分别为室内、外优势鼠种,野外鼠带毒率为7.9%,室内鼠为5.7%。[结论]我县HFRS流行符合混合型疫区的流行特征,应以灭鼠、疫苗接种为主的综合性措施控制HFRS流行。     

长春市1990-2004年肾综合征出血热流行病学分析

目的分析长春市1990—2004年肾综合征出血热（HFRS）流行趋势，为制定有效的防控策略提供科学依据。方法采用Excel录入、分析长春市1990—2004年肾综合征出血热疫情数据。结果疫情数据分析显示，长春市肾综合征出血热发病呈现春秋两个高峰，并以春峰为主。农村发病明显高于城市。年龄主要集中在20～54岁的青壮年，占发病总数的83．70％；职业以农民为主，占发病总数的73．95％。结论长春市已进入肾综合征出血热发病高峰期，采取以灭鼠和疫苗接种为主的综合性防制措施势在必行。     

长春龙嘉国际机场口岸鼠间肾综合征出血热监测

目的掌握长春龙嘉国际机场口岸鼠类肾综合征出血热（HFRS）的流行性、特征，分析口岸鼠类传播HFRS的危险性为采取相应的防治措施提供依据。方法从2006．4～2007．3，采用常规夹日法捕捉鼠类。用直接免疫荧光法（FA）进行鼠类肾综合征出血热抗原检测，对监测数据进行统计分析。结果长春龙嘉国际机场口岸平均鼠密度为1．81％；小家鼠为室外主要优势鼠种（构成比50．77％），褐家鼠为室内主要优势鼠种（构成比4．10％）。小家鼠带毒率5．05％，黑线姬鼠带毒率6．33％，鼠类肾综合征出血热平均带毒率为5．13％。8月份为鼠类活动高峰期。结论为了防止鼠间肾综合征出血热的传播，保护口岸人群健康，口岸出入境检验检疫部门应及时进行媒介控制。     

周宁县2011-2015年肾综合征出血热监测结果

目的 了解周宁县肾综合征出血热(HFRS)的流行病学特征和宿主动物种属构成及带毒情况,为制定防治措施提供依据.方法 收集周宁县2011-2015年HFRS病例资料.监测宿主动物鼠类:笼夜法捕鼠,对捕获鼠种类鉴定后取肺组织进行HV抗原检测和分型,计算鼠密度及鼠带毒率.结果 周宁县2011-2015年HFRS年均发病率12.7/10万,10～12月秋冬季为发病高峰(61.1％),病例性别比2∶1,以青壮年农民为主;全县9个乡镇7个有病例报告,浦源和狮城镇发病数占65.3％.共布笼8 750笼次,补获鼠类361只(室内321只,室外40只),鼠密度4.1％(室内5.8％,室外1.3％),带毒率6.7％(室内7.2％,室外2.5％);室内以褐家鼠(64.3％)、黄胸鼠(24.7％)为主,二者携带Ⅱ型病毒,室外以针毛鼠和社鼠为主(8.0％),黑线姬鼠携带Ⅰ型病毒.结论 周宁县出血热疫情仍处高位,应加大灭鼠力度,推广出血热疫苗接种.     

2003年周宁县肾综合征出血热监测分析

肾综合征出血热(HFRS)是周宁县重点防治的自然疫源性疾病.该病例自1973年在狮城镇发现以来,疫区逐渐扩大,有8个乡、镇人群发病率波动于0.76/10万～24.44/10万.近年来,通过掌握流行规律和特征,采取针对性防制措施,取得较显著效果.为巩固防治成果,2003年按照卫生部制定的<全国肾综合征出血热防治方案>的要求,对HFRS疫区的人间疫情,鼠间疫情和控制效果进行监测,现将结果分析如下.     

2008～2009年周宁县肾综合征出血热监测分析

[目的]掌握肾综合征出血热(HFRS)疫情动态,为巩固防治成果提出科学依据。[方法]对2008~2009年周宁县HFRS人间疫情、鼠间感染情况监测资料进行分析。[结果]2008~2009年报告HFRS发病17例,年发病率分别为5.04、3.52/10万。年均发病率,狮城镇、浦源镇分别为9.92、10.69/10万。2008年的10例均在5~12月发病;2009年的7例均在11~12月发病。17例中,18~55岁13例,男性13例,农民9例。褐家鼠、黑线姬鼠分别为室内、外主要鼠种;HFRS带病毒率,家鼠为4.80%,野鼠为2.47%。[结论]2008~2009年周宁县HFRS发病有所下降,流行特征变化不明显。     

石狮市2007-2015年肾综合征出血热监测分析

目的 了解石狮市肾综合征出血热(HFRS)发病及鼠间感染情况.方法 开展流行病学调查和宿主监测,调查鼠密度和鼠类带毒率,分析疫情.结果 2007-2015年石狮市HFRS报告病例117例,年发病率2.23/10万,呈逐年增加趋势.全年均有病例发生,呈春、秋双峰型分布;全市9个镇/街道均有病例报告,有67.5％的病例集中在市周边的4个镇/街道;病例性别比2.5∶1,以青壮年为主(72.6％),职业以民工较多(19.7％).2014、2015年平均鼠密度分别为5.4％、6.9％,鼠带毒率20.0％.结论 石狮市肾综合征出血热发病率及鼠间带毒率较高,应加强综合治理措施控制疫情.     

2007年安义县肾综合征出血热监测分析

目的了解安义县2007年肾综合征出血热（HFRS）的流行特点和流行趋势,为防治提供依据。方法对安义县2007年人间疫情及宿主动物监测资料进行分析。结果2007年安义县HFRS发病率为6．13／10万,5—6月和11—12月发病较多,占全年病例总数的81．25％。人群隐性感染率高,达21．00％,无死亡病例。捕获鼠类7种207只,其中居民区以褐家鼠为优势种,野外以黑线姬鼠为优势种;鼠带病毒率为1．49％,带病毒鼠均为居民区小家鼠。鼠血总抗体阳性率为12．08％。结论安义县HFRS符合家鼠型为主的混合型疫区流行特征。2007年发病率上升较快,应继续加强疫情监测,贯彻“灭鼠和免疫并重”的措施,控制HFRS的发病率.     

2006年福建省肾综合征出血热疫情及监测结果分析

目的对福建省2006年肾综合征出血热（HFRS）疫情及监测结果进行分析，掌握疫情发展动态，控制流行，减少发病。方法对全省疫情报告进行统计分析；应用笼夜法捕鼠，计算鼠密度及其组成，对鼠肺进行汉坦病毒抗原检测及病毒分型。结果2006年全省共发现HFRS患者96例，发病率0．27/10万，死亡1例，病死率1．04％。病例主要集中在南平市、宁德市和泉州市永春县，发病较严重的是周宁县，发病率达8．60／10万，永春县发生6例。全年均有病例发生，大部分集中在秋冬及春季，占全年病例总数的89．58％。年龄分布以30～50岁居多，占70．83％。男女比例为2．84：1。室内平均鼠密度为5．74％，褐家鼠占52．82％。固定监测点周宁县野外鼠密度为5．41％，黄毛鼠占58．70％。室内鼠平均带病毒率为4．46％，发生疫情的疫点和一些特殊生境褐家鼠带病毒率较高。结论福建省HFRS的主要宿主动物及传染源仍以褐家鼠为主，携带Ⅱ型病毒，老疫区周宁县疫情最严重，重点疫区褐家鼠带病毒率高。永春县原是福建省家鼠型HFRS的老疫区，近几年基本无病例，2006年发病例数亦较多，应予以关注。     

和龙市2003-2008年肾综合征出血热疫情监测分析

2003年以来,和龙市开展了肾综合征出血热（HFRS）疫源地的鼠类鼠密度、人间疫情及控制效,果等监测工作,并积累了大量监测资料。现将2003—2008年相应阶段的HFRS疫情进行相关性分析,了解和预测该市HFRS疫情的流行现况以及未来的流行趋势,并找出影响疫情变化的主要因素,以便采取接种疫苗等相应的干预控制措施。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.