hBMP-2基因转染骨髓基质细胞及效果检测

目的　通过观察转染hBMP 2基因在骨髓基质细胞生物学性状变化和检测hBMP 2基因在受体细胞中表达水平 ,探讨骨髓基质细胞作为hBMP 2基因受体细胞的可行性。方法　应用脂质体介导的方法将携带hBMP 2基因的重组载体PcDNA3 hBMP2导入体外培养的骨髓基质细胞中 ,用G4 18筛选获得阳性细胞 ,分别应用PCR技术、原位杂交技术和ELISA检测目的基因DNA、mRNA和蛋白质的存在与表达状况 ,并绘制细胞的生长曲线。结果　PCR方法显示实验组可见约 36 0bp的基因条带 ,原位杂交方法显示实验组约有 15～ 2 0 %的阳性细胞 ,ELISA方法显示培养第 1～ 4天时hBMP 2的含量为 37ng/3× 10 5细胞 ,培养第 11～14天和第 2 5～ 2 8天均约 5 4ng/3× 10 5细胞。转染后阳性细胞的倍增时间和生长时间没有因为目的基因的导入而改变 ,与正常培养的细胞相比差异不显著。结论　骨髓基质细胞可以作为hBMP 2基因的受体细胞 ,基因表达可分泌hBMP 2蛋白质 ,可作为骨组织工程学中的种子细胞。     

不同基因转染对骨髓基质干细胞成骨活性的影响

为了优化骨组织工程种子细胞，探讨不同基因对骨髓基质干细胞（MSCs）成骨活性的影响，我们首先利用RT—PCR方法获得了全长BMP-2．VEGF 165及bFGF基因，克隆入真核表达载体peDNA3．0，鉴定正确后，经脂质体介导转入分离培养的大鼠骨髓基质干细胞，G418筛选出稳定表达株。并利用RT—PCR、免疫组织化学方法证明目的基因能够在骨髓基质干细胞中得到稳定表达。MTT实验结果显示转基因后的MSCs增殖能力有不同程度的提高。细胞内碱性磷酸酶活性明显上调，BMP-2、bFGF转染组骨钙索水平升高，成骨活性增强。提示：BMP-2、bFGF基因修饰的骨髓基质干细胞作为种子细胞能够更为有效地在骨组织工程中发挥作用。     

转染IL-6基因骨髓基质细胞系对骨髓移植后免疫功能重建的促进作用

目的　探讨转染IL 6基因的骨髓基质细胞系对同基因骨髓移植 (BMT)后小鼠免疫功能重建的促进作用。方法　将IL 6cDNA片段连接到pcDNA3真核表达载体上。用脂质体将pcD NA3IL 6转入骨髓基质细胞系QXMSC1,ELISA法测定转染IL 6基因骨髓基质细胞QXMSC1IL 6培养上清中IL 6的含量 ,有限稀释挑选多个细胞克隆 ,选择表达量最高的转基因细胞系QXMSC1IL 6用于动物实验。BABL c小鼠经γ射线致死量照射后 ,输入同基因骨髓细胞 (10 7 只 )同时输入骨髓基质细胞QXMSC1IL 6 (5× 10 5 只 )。在骨髓移植后 30d、6 0d检测BMT小鼠淋巴细胞对LPS ,ConA增殖反应 ,T辅助细胞前体 (helpTlymphocyteprecursor,HTLp) ,杀伤性T细胞前体 (cytotoxicTlymphocyteprecursor,CTLp) ,迟发型超敏反应 (delayed typehypersensitivity ,DTH)及空斑形成细胞数 (plaqueformingcell,PFC) ,反映骨髓移植后小鼠免疫功能。结果　成功构建pcDNA3IL 6重组体。该细胞体外培养 2 4h分泌IL 6的含量为 11.15 (± 2 .4 1) μg 10 6 。QXMSC1IL 6细胞系能明显增强BMT后淋巴细胞对LPS、ConA反应性 ,小鼠对异基因小鼠脾细胞DTH反应增强 ,脾脏中HTLp ,CTLp及PFC数明显增加。转入外源IL 6cDNA基因的骨髓基质细胞系QXMSC1IL 6在体内能明显促进BMT后小鼠T、B淋巴     

血管内皮细胞生长因子基因转染骨髓基质细胞的瞬时表达与稳定表达

目的探讨血管内皮细胞生长因子（VEGF）基因修饰的大鼠骨髓基质细胞（BMCS）的表达能力及表达活性。方法取6周龄SD大鼠BMCS传代培养后以3μl阳离子脂质体（Lipofectamine）：1μg pc DNA3．1-VEGF165的比例转染，通过RT—PCR技术、免疫组织化学S—P法检测转染细胞中外源性VEGF165基因的转录及瞬时表达和稳定表达，用血管内皮细胞（VEC）增殖试验测定转染细胞培养上清中VEGF的生物活性。结果VEGF基因转染的大鼠骨髓基质细胞可有效转录VEGF165，其分泌培养上清液中的表达产物可促进血管内皮细胞增殖，具有很强的生物活性。结论采用基因转染技术可将VEGF转染至BMCS中，并可有效表达具有生物活性的VEGF。     

骨髓基质干细胞BMP-2和bFGF基因的联合修饰

目的:建立能够稳定表达BMP-2及bFGF的骨髓基质干细胞,优化骨组织工程种子细胞。方法:通过RT-PCR方法获取全长BMP-2及bFGF基因,克隆入真核表达载体pcDNA3.0,鉴定正确后,经脂质体介导导入分离培养的大鼠骨髓基质干细胞,G418筛选稳定表达株。利用RT-PCR、Westernblot、ELISA、免疫组织化学染色方法分析转染细胞外源基因表达情况。结果:成功构建了全长BMP-2及bFGF的真核表达载体,转染大鼠骨髓基质干细胞后经G418筛选获得稳定表达株。RT-PCR结果显示稳定转染细胞中具有大量目的基因mRNA转录,ELISA检测培养上清中目的蛋白表达阳性,Westernblot、免疫组化结果显示胞质中有目的蛋白的表达。结论:获得了可以稳定表达BMP-2及bFGF的骨髓基质干细胞,有利于组织工程骨缺损修复中的应用。     

基因转染法建立小鼠胸腺基质细胞系

利用基因转染方法使细胞获得不死性，快速建立小鼠胸腺基质细胞（ＭＴＳＣ）系。用含有多瘤病毒ｍＴ基因的重组质粒Ｚｉｐ－ｍＴ以脂质体介导法转染初代培养的ＭＴＳＣ，经过８００μｇ／ｍｌ的Ｇ４１８筛选，得到５个ＭＴＳＣ克隆。Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交分析表明所得细胞克隆的染色体中整合有ｍＴ基因，说明ｍＴ基因的整合是导致细胞转化的原因。基因转染建系比常规建系所需时间大大缩短，仅需２个月。     

重组腺病毒载体介导低氧诱导因子基因转染促进SD大鼠骨组织工程血管化的实验研究

目的评价重组腺病毒介导的低氧诱导因子基因导入是否具有促进SD大鼠骨组织工程的血管化的作用。方法通过重组低氧诱导因子腺病毒载体转染SD大鼠的骨髓基质细胞,然后将含有目的基因种子细胞与骨组织工程的支架材料藻酸钙复合成可注射性组织工程骨植入裸鼠背部皮下,应用Masson染色和SP免疫组化法观察异位成骨能力,检测构建组织的微血管密度计数(MVD)。结果动物实验显示,实验组新骨形成和新生血管形成良好,实验组的微血管化密度显著地高于对照组。结论低氧诱导因子基因导入有利于组织工程骨的新骨形成和再血管化。     

骨髓基质细胞复合生物活性陶瓷修复兔颅骨缺损实验研究

目的 :探讨骨髓基质细胞 (Bonemarrowstromalcells ,BMSC)、生物活性陶瓷 (Bioactiveglassce ramics ,BGC)和胶原膜复合材料的成骨作用。方法 :将培养的BMSC与BGC及胶原膜复合后植入兔颅骨缺损区 ,通过形态学、组织化学和立体计量学等方法观察新骨生成情况。结果 :①形态学观察 :倒置显微镜显示BMSC呈星形 ,12h全部贴壁 ,对数增殖期为 2～ 4d。扫描电镜显示BMSC在BGC表面排列紧密 ,长入BGC孔隙中。实验组术后第 12周 ,X线显示植入材料与外周骨质之间完全被高密度影充填 ;光镜显示骨小梁相连成片 ,骨髓再生。②组织化学结果 :术后第 4、8、12周实验组碱性磷酸酶值分别为 ( 2 46.3 3±3 2 .13 )、( 2 90 .67± 12 .86)、( 3 75 .3 3± 5 .0 3 )u/L ,高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ;钙离子值分别为 ( 1.93 0±0 .0 70 )、( 2 .13 0± 0 .2 3 5 )、( 2 .867± 0 .2 61)g/L ,高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1)。③立体计量学测量结果 :实验组第 12周体密度值为 ( 65 .69± 3 .0 0 ) % ,明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 0 1)。结论 :复合材料具有较强的成骨作用 ,能够有效促进骨愈合。     

转染Smad7基因的大鼠肾系膜细胞基质金属蛋白酶2及其组织抑制因子2表达的改变

目的　通过对大鼠肾小球系膜细胞 (mesangialcell,MsC)转染Smad 7基因 ,观察转染阳性细胞克隆基质金属蛋白酶 2 (MMP 2 )及其组织抑制因子 2 (TIMP 2 )表达的改变 ,以进一步阐明Smad7阻断肾组织纤维化过程的作用机制。方法　经脂质体介导将含有Smad 7重组表达质粒转染大鼠MsC ,用G4 18筛选及Western印迹分析、逆转录 聚合酶链反应 (RT PCR)法鉴定 ;又分别采用Western印迹分析、酶谱分析法和RT PCR法 ,检测转染阳性细胞克隆MMP 2和TIMP 2表达改变。结果　成功建立高表达Smad 7的阳性MsC克隆 (S 2 2 ,S 2 6 ) ,并证实其MMP 2蛋白分泌和酶活性均明显升高 ,而TIMP 2mRNA及其蛋白的表达则被明显抑制。阳性MsC克隆S 2 2 ,S 2 6细胞分泌MMP 2比对照组高约 3 8倍 (P <0 0 1) ;S 2 2与S 2 6细胞TIMP 2蛋白表达约为对照组 4 8% (P <0 0 5 )。结论　Smad 7可能通过增强肾组织内MMP 2酶活性和抑制TIMP 2的生成而起到减轻肾组织纤维化进展的作用。     

骨髓基质细胞和壳聚糖/明胶共混材料生物相容性研究

目的:研究壳聚糖/明胶共混材料对离体培养的骨髓基质细胞粘附及增殖的影响,寻找骨髓基质细胞新的载体材料。方法:取2周龄幼兔的长骨采集骨髓,培养骨髓基质细胞,体外扩增1周后,种植于纯壳聚糖和壳聚糖/明胶共混材料的表面。在倒置光学显微镜、扫描电镜的辅助下,观察细胞的粘附和生长情况,种植7d后用透射电镜观察细胞功能状况,用MTT方法检测种植后2d、4d、6d、8d细胞的增殖情况。结果:壳聚糖/明胶共混材料和纯壳聚糖能促进骨髓基质细胞在材料表面粘附并保持其在机体内的形态。壳聚糖/明胶共混材料表面的骨髓基质细胞功能活跃。在材料表面和培养板表面培养的骨髓基质细胞均能持续增殖,而壳聚糖/明胶共混材料能显著促进骨髓基质细胞的增殖(P<0.01)。结论:壳聚糖/明胶共混材料保持了壳聚糖的某些生物活性,同时由于加入明胶,能促进骨髓基质细胞的增殖,可作为骨髓基质细胞的载体应用于组织工程。     

Osteogenic effects of bioactive glass on bone marrow stromal cells

Bioactive glass (BG) is an effective synthetic bone graft material. BG granules of narrow size range (300-355 mum) have the ability to form new bone tissue inside excavations produced by in vivo resorption. Previously, we demonstrated that BG stimulates the differentiation of cultured osteoblast precursors if the glass surface was biomimetically modified by the formation of bone-like apatite and adsorption of serum proteins. We now report that modified BG can also increase the rate at which multipotential rat bone marrow stromal cells (rMSC) will undergo osteogenesis. BG promoted rMSC osteogenesis both when cells were plated in contact with BG and when cells were not directly in contact with the BG. Alkaline phosphatase activity, a marker of bone cell differentiation, was used as an indicator for osteogenesis. Alkaline phosphatase activity of rMSCs exposed to osteoinducers such as ascorbate, dexamethasone, and BMP-2 was enhanced in the presence of BG. The stimulatory effect of BG was more pronounced in rMSC cultures with low basal alkaline phosphatase activity than in those with higher activity. The enhanced differentiation of rMSCs was associated with both a change in rMSC morphology and altered chemical composition of the cell culture media. rMSCs cultured on BG in the presence of BMP or dexamethasone exhibited a more rounded osteoblast-like appearance as compared with cells grown on tissue culture plastic. In the presence of BG, elevated levels of calcium and silicon in the culture medium were observed throughout the 7-day culture period, suggesting a continuous dissolution of surface-modified BG and resulting release of BG dissolution products. The data suggest that both surface- and solution-mediated events play a role in the osteogenic effect of BG.     

骨组织工程的种子细胞--骨髓基质细胞的研究进展

骨髓基质细胞作为骨组织工程的种子细胞具有广阔前景.许多实验证实骨髓基质细胞具有间充质干细胞特性,表现为较强的增殖能力和向多种间充质细胞分化的潜能.目前已建立了体外培养骨髓基质干细胞的方法,而且正在摸索进一步纯化的方法和诱导分化的条件.已有利用其成骨特性体内移植实验,表明在适当的条件下,接种在组织工程材料上的骨髓基质细胞可以形成新骨.     

Human bone marrow stromal cells: In vitro expansion and differentiation for bone engineering

Stromal cells from marrow hold a great promise for bone regeneration. Even if they are already being exploited in many clinical settings, the biological basis for the source and maintenance of their proliferation/differentiation potential after in vitro isolation and expansion needs further investigation.

Most studies on osteogenic differentiation of marrow stromal cells (MSC) have been performed using bone marrow from the iliac crest. In this study, MSC were derived from spare femoral bone marrow obtained during hip replacement surgery from 20 adult donors. After in vitro isolation the cells were grown in osteogenic medium, and their proliferation and differentiation analysed during in vitro expansion. We found that MSC isolated from the femur of adult patients consistently maintain an osteogenic potential. Using biochemical signals, these cells turn to fully differentiated osteoblasts with a predictable set of molecular and phenotypic events of in vitro bone deposition. When seeded on polycaprolactone-based scaffold or surfaces, the proliferation and mineralization of femur-derived MSC were modulated by the surface chemistry/topography. Despite remarkable differences between individual colony-forming ability, alkaline phosphatase production, and mineralization ability, these cells are a potential source for bone engineering, either by direct autologous reimplantation or by ex vivo expansion and reimplantation combined to a proper scaffold.     

Delivery of dimethyloxallyl glycine in mesoporous bioactive glass scaffolds to improve angiogenesis and osteogenesis of human bone marrow stromal cells

Development of hypoxia-mimicking bone tissue engineering scaffolds is of great importance in stimulating angiogenesis for bone regeneration. Dimethyloxallyl glycine (DMOG) is a cell-permeable, competitive inhibitor of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PH), which can stabilize hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) expression. The aim of this study was to develop hypoxia-mimicking scaffolds by delivering DMOG in mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) scaffolds and to investigate whether the delivery of DMOG could induce a hypoxic microenvironment for human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC). MBG scaffolds with varied mesoporous structures (e.g. surface area and mesopore volume) were prepared by controlling the contents of mesopore-template agent. The composition, large-pore microstructure and mesoporous properties of MBG scaffolds were characterized. The effect of mesoporous properties on the loading and release of DMOG in MBG scaffolds was investigated. The effects of DMOG delivery on the cell morphology, cell viability, HIF-1α stabilization, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion and bone-related gene expression (alkaline phosphatase, ALP; osteocalcin, OCN; and osteopontin, OPN) of hBMSC in MBG scaffolds were systematically investigated. The results showed that the loading and release of DMOG in MBG scaffolds can be efficiently controlled by regulating their mesoporous properties via the addition of different contents of mesopore-template agent. DMOG delivery in MBG scaffolds had no cytotoxic effect on the viability of hBMSC. DMOG delivery significantly induced HIF-1α stabilization, VEGF secretion and bone-related gene expression of hBMSC in MBG scaffolds in which DMOG counteracted the effect of HIF-PH and stabilized HIF-1α expression under normoxic condition. Furthermore, it was found that MBG scaffolds with slow DMOG release significantly enhanced the expression of bone-related genes more than those with instant DMOG release. The results suggest that the controllable delivery of DMOG in MBG scaffolds can mimic a hypoxic microenvironment, which not only improves the angiogenic capacity of hBMSC, but also enhances their osteogenic differentiation.     

PcDNA3-hBMP2转染骨髓基质细胞及其稳定表达

目的：通过观察转染hBMP-2基因的骨髓基质细胞的生长特性的变化和检测目的基因在受体细胞中表达，探讨骨髓基质细胞用作hBMP-2基因的受体细胞的可能性。方法：在脂质体介导下将hBMP-2基因导入体外培养的骨髓基质细胞中，用G418筛选获得阳性细胞，分别应用原位杂交技术和酶联免疫吸附方法检测目的基因在受体细胞内的存在与表达。结果：在mRNA水平可检测到目的基因在阳性细胞中进行了转录，在培养基中，用ELISA的方法能检测到目的基因在骨髓基质细胞中进行了表达，并分泌到培养基中。从细胞的生长曲线上，可知细胞的倍增时间并没有因为目的基因的导入而改变，其生长时间也与正常的细胞相近。结论：骨髓基质细胞可以用作hBMP-2基因的受体细胞，表达并分泌hBMP-2蛋白质，也可作为骨组织工程学中的种子细胞。     

In vitro biocompatibility of resorbable experimental glass ceramics for bone substitutes

Tricalcium phosphate ceramics (TCPs) are increasingly used as bone substitutes. They demonstrate good biocompatibility and degrade relatively slowly. New glass ceramics based on calcium alkali orthophosphates (Ca(2)KNa(PO(4))(2)) were developed that degrade faster than TCP but could have reduced biocompatibility due to their high solubility. Therefore, they were modified by a neutralizing surface treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of some of these ceramics, GB1a, GB9, and GB14, which differ in the amount of added Na, K, Mg, or Si ions, with standard and modified surfaces. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the ceramics GB1a, GB9, and GB14 was determined by the agar diffusion and filter test and the microculture tetrazolium (MTT) assay. In order to investigate the influence of surface modification, these three ceramics were compared to their surface-treated counterparts, GB1aN, GB9N, and GB14N. GB1a, the ceramic with the highest in vitro solubility, showed the strongest toxic influence in all cell culture tests. GB9 and GB14 produced better results. In contrast, the counterparts with modified surfaces exhibited no (GB9N, GB14N) or weak (GB1aN) signs of cytotoxicity. It is concluded that the toxicity of the ceramics GB1a, GB9, and GB14 depends on their solubility. A positive influence of the surface treatment on in vitro biocompatibility was demonstrated. Therefore, the surface-treated glass ceramics could be promising materials for bone replacement.     

利用人骨髓基质干细胞构建组织工程心脏瓣膜的体外实验

BACKGROUND:Nowadays, mechanical or biological valve recipients used in the clinic are still at the risk of infection, hemorrhage, thrombosis and reoperation owing to valve stenosis. Tissue-engineered heart valve with biological activity can overcome the disadvantages above. While, the optimal choice of scaffolds and seeding cells remains disputable. OBJECTIVE:To explore the feasibility to construct tissue-engineered heart valve with acellularized porcine aortic valve scaffold and human bone marrow stromal stem cells in vitro. METHODS:The porcine aortic valves were decellularized with the detergent and enzymatic extraction process to remove the cellular components. Human bone marrow stromal stem cells were aspirated from sternum of the patients with simple congenital heart malformation, and then the cells were seeded on the acellularized porcine aortic valve scaffold and cultured for 5 days. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Flow cytometry identified that the characteristics of surface antigen of the inoculated seed cells were in line with those of human bone marrow stromal stem cells. Light microscopy and electron microscopy confirmed that the cellular components in the porcine aortic valves could be removed to obtain the complete acellular fiber mesh stent. There was no significant difference in biomechanical property between before and after acellularization. The human bone marrow stromal stem cells implanted on the acellularized porcine aortic valve scaffold could form a continuous cell layer on the surfaces of the scaffold. The inoculated bone marrow stromal stem cells could be differentiated into fibroblasts. The implantation of human bone marrow stromal stem cells on the acellularized porcine aortic valve scaffold can construct the tissue-engineered heart valve.     

人瘦素基因过表达增强大鼠骨髓基质细胞成骨能力

目的探讨人瘦素(h LEP)基因修饰对大鼠骨髓基质细胞(r BMSCs)成骨能力的影响。方法以转染h LEP腺病毒载体(Ad5-h LEP-EGFP)的r BMSCs为实验组,空载体(Ad5-EGFP)转染的r BMSCs和未转染的r BMSCs为对照组。MTT法检测细胞增殖情况,实时荧光定量PCR法检测Ⅰ型胶原(Col-Ⅰ)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)mRNA的表达,茜素红染色检测矿化结节形成能力。同时,将各组r BMSCs与β磷酸三钙(β-TCP)复合后移植于裸鼠皮下培养8周,观察新骨形成情况。结果 Ad5-h LEP-EGFP能有效转染r BMSCs,转染后细胞增殖活性无明显改变,但Col-Ⅰ和ALP mRNA的表达较对照组有明显提高(P0.05),矿化结节形成能力也更强(P0.05)。而且,h LEP修饰后的r BMSCs能与β-TCP结合形成组织工程化复合物,并能在裸鼠体内形成更多的类骨样组织。结论 h LEP修饰的r BMSCs可增强细胞成骨能力,有望应用于骨及牙周组织再生研究。     

3D打印聚己内酯/纳米羟基磷灰石复合支架与骨髓间充质干细胞的体外生物相容性

文题释义： 3D打印技术：是通过计算机设计3D模型,按照某一坐标轴切成无限多个剖面,然后层层打印堆叠形成一个实体的立体模型,使用3D打印技术制备的骨组织工程支架能对支架的内部结构和外形进行自由可控的构建,在支架个性化、精确性、机械强度、孔隙调节、空间结构复杂性方面有独特优势。 纳米羟基磷灰石/聚己内酯复合材料：羟基磷灰石是人体和动物骨骼的主要无机成分,具有良好的骨诱导性,纳米羟基磷灰石由于良好的生物相容性和骨整合能力被广泛用作骨缺损的修复材料;聚己内酯是一种已被FDA批准的生物材料,具有良好的机械性能、生物相容性及降解性。两种材料复合物的多孔结构能够为细胞生长、组织再生及血管化提供有利条件。 背景：聚己内酯/纳米羟基磷灰石复合材料是在常用骨组织工程材料基础上结合3D打印技术制备的新型复合支架材料,目前对于该复合材料的体外生物相容性研究较少。 目的：通过体外实验探讨3D打印聚己内酯/纳米羟基磷灰石复合支架材料的细胞相容性。 方法：利用3D打印技术分别制备聚己内酯及聚己内酯/纳米羟基磷灰石复合支架,表征两组材料的微观结构、孔隙率及力学性能。将大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞分别接种于两组支架表面,CCK-8法检测细胞增殖率,扫描电镜和Live/Dead染色观察细胞在支架上的生长情况。 结果与结论：①两组支架均呈三维网状相互连通结构,纤维呈规律有序的排列、相互交错,纤维表面无空隙,纤维间距、直径较为均一;两组支架的孔隙率比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);复合支架的弹性模量高于单纯聚己内酯支架(P < 0.05);②两组支架表面培养1 d的细胞增殖比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05),复合支架表面培养4,7 d的细胞增殖快于单纯聚己内酯支架(P < 0.05);③Live/Dead染色结果显示,两组材料均具有良好的细胞相容性,细胞活性较高,同时复合支架上的贴壁细胞更多一些;④扫描电镜显示,细胞在两种材料上生长形态良好,并紧密黏附于支架表面及微孔附近,同时可见分泌的细胞外基质呈丝状包绕于细胞周围;⑤结果表明,3D打印技术制备的聚己内酯/纳米羟基磷灰石复合支架孔隙较丰富,具备良好的力学性能,细胞相容性良好,可作为骨组织工程的支架材料。 ORCID: 0000-0002-7083-6458(胡超然) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程