Femoral head diameter in the Malaysian population

INTRODUCTION

Hip arthroplasty is commonly performed worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine the diameter of the femoral head in the Malaysian population in relation to gender and race (i.e. among Malay, Chinese and Indian patients).

METHODS

This was a retrospective cross-sectional study performed between January 1995 and December 2006, evaluating the femoral head diameters of all patients aged 50 years and above who underwent hemiarthroplasty at two major hospitals in Malaysia.

RESULTS

A total of 945 femoral heads (663 women, 282 men) were evaluated. The mean age of the patients in our cohort was 75.2 ± 9.4 (range 50–101) years. The mean femoral head diameter (with intact articular cartilage) was 44.9 ± 3.2 (range 38–54) mm. In our study, men had a significantly larger mean femoral head diameter than women (47.7 ± 2.8 mm vs. 43.7 ± 2.4 mm; p < 0.05). Patients of Chinese ethnicity were also found to have significantly larger femoral head diameters, when compared among the three races studied (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Malaysians have a mean femoral head diameter of 44.9 ± 3.2 mm. Among our patients, Chinese patients had a significantly larger femoral head size than Malay and Indian patients. We also found that, in our cohort, men had significantly larger femoral head diameters than women.     

Treatment of unstable distal radius fractures with the volar locking plate

Abstract

Background. Open reduction and internal fixation using an interlocking plate system has gained popularity for the treatment of dorsally displaced distal radius fractures.

Purpose. To evaluate the functional and radiological results of treating unstable distal radius fractures with the volar locking plate.

Patients and methods. A retrospective review was conducted of patients from one institution using the volar locking plate to treat intra-articular and extra-articular distal radius fractures. Unstable distal radius fractures in 15 patients, comprising 3 men and 12 women with a mean age of 64.4 years (34–76 years), were treated with a volar locking compression plate (Acu-Loc distal radius plate system; Acumed, Oregon, USA) and followed up for a minimum of 1 year. Fractures were classified using the AO classification. Radiographic parameters of preoperative, postoperative, and final follow-up radiographs were compared. The time to initiation of active range of motion was determined. Final follow-up range of motion and complications were reported.

Results. At final functional assessment, the scores of 5 patients were excellent, 7 patients good, and 3 patients fair according to Cooney's Clinical Scoring Chart. No non-union or infection occurred. Rupture of the flexor pollicis longus tendon occurred in 1 patient.

Conclusion. Treatment of unstable distal radius fractures with a volar locking plate leads to satisfactory results, provided the operative technique is carefully performed to prevent complications.     

桡骨远端T型锁定接骨板治疗桡骨远端不稳定性骨折的临床效果

目的探讨桡骨远端T型锁定接骨板治疗桡骨远端不稳定性骨折的临床效果。方法 60例桡骨远端不稳定性骨折患者分为观察组和对照组,每组30例。观察组患者给予桡骨远端T型锁定接骨板治疗,对照组患者给予外固定支架治疗,术后随访3个月,对患者行X线片检查,测量并记录2组患者的骨性愈合时间、掌倾角、尺偏角及腕关节活动度。结果 2组患者骨性愈合时间、掌倾角及尺偏角比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组患者背伸、掌屈活动显著优于对照组,桡偏显著轻于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者尺偏、旋前、旋后情况比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组和对照组患者治疗效果优良率分别为90.0%和70.0%,观察组患者优良率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组和对照组患者并发症发生率分别为6.7%和10.0%,2组患者并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论应用桡骨远端T型锁定接骨板治疗桡骨远端不稳定性骨折对桡骨远端的骨性及腱鞘结构的影响较小,手术操作较为方便,可保持背侧软组织的完整性,复位效果好,固定可靠,疗效满意,且并发症少。     

Treatment of unstable distal radius fractures with the volar locking plate

Background

Open reduction and internal fixation using an interlocking plate system has gained popularity for the treatment of dorsally displaced distal radius fractures.

Purpose

To evaluate the functional and radiological results of treating unstable distal radius fractures with the volar locking plate.

Patients and methods

A retrospective review was conducted of patients from one institution using the volar locking plate to treat intra-articular and extra-articular distal radius fractures. Unstable distal radius fractures in 15 patients, comprising 3 men and 12 women with a mean age of 64.4 years (34–76 years), were treated with a volar locking compression plate (Acu-Loc distal radius plate system; Acumed, Oregon, USA) and followed up for a minimum of 1 year. Fractures were classified using the AO classification. Radiographic parameters of preoperative, postoperative, and final follow-up radiographs were compared. The time to initiation of active range of motion was determined. Final follow-up range of motion and complications were reported.

Results

At final functional assessment, the scores of 5 patients were excellent, 7 patients good, and 3 patients fair according to Cooney''s Clinical Scoring Chart. No non-union or infection occurred. Rupture of the flexor pollicis longus tendon occurred in 1 patient.

Conclusion

Treatment of unstable distal radius fractures with a volar locking plate leads to satisfactory results, provided the operative technique is carefully performed to prevent complications.     

掌侧入路锁定钢板治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折疗效分析

探讨掌侧入路锁定钢板治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折的疗效。方法选择2012 年1 月-2015 年1 月该院收治的93 例桡骨远端不稳定骨折患者,随机分为对照组47 例和观察组46 例。对照组采取外固定支架手术方法,观察组采取掌侧入路锁定钢板内固定治疗,根据患者一般情况、术后的影像学测量参数和Gartland-Werley 腕关节评分评估手术效果。结果两组患者的尺偏角、掌倾角、桡骨短缩和桡腕关节面移位差异均无统计学意义（ p>0.05）,根据Gartland-Werley 评分标准,对照组优良率为70.2%（33/47）,观察组优良率为 89.1%（41/46）,经χ2 检验,差异有统计学意义（χ2=5.126, =0.016）,优良率观察组> 对照组（ p<0.05）。结论经掌侧入路锁定钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折,患者的术后功能恢复较好,值得临床推广与应用。     

外固定夹板治疗桡骨远端骨折

我国在运用夹板治疗桡骨远端骨折方面具有悠久的历史,随着科学技术的发展与进步,国内外医家在小夹板的基础上不断推陈出新,改进型小夹板不断出现,并且趋向专业化、系统化,如从宏观向微观、从粗材料向高科技含量材料等方向的发展,为小夹板的临床应用提供了理论根据。现代研究认为,夹板外固定符合动静结合的理念,其产生的微动是促进骨折愈合的重要机制。临床研究显示,大部分桡骨远端骨折运用夹板外固定治疗可取得较好的效果。     

老年桡骨远端骨折治疗方法的探讨

目的对比分析手法复位石膏外固定和掌侧斜＂T＂形钢板内固定治疗老年桡骨远端骨折的疗效。方法 2010年10月—2011年6月分别采用手法复位加石膏托外固定及切开复位＂T＂形锁定钢板内固定治疗老年桡骨远端骨折146例,采用Gartland等腕关节评分进行功能评定,比较两种不同治疗方法的疗效。结果所有患者均获得随访,随访时间6～15个月,平均11.3个月。X线显示骨折全部愈合。Gartland腕关节评分手法复位石膏外固定组优良率为72.2%,掌侧斜＂T＂形钢板内固定组优良率为87.8%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论尽管钢板内固定的优良率较高,但除少数经关节面且有明显关节面移位,非手术治疗失败的老年桡骨远端骨折可采用手术治疗外,大多数老年桡骨远端骨折经手法复位石膏外固定非手术治疗即可取得较为满意的临床效果,手术的选择应慎重,应尊重患者的要求。     

桡骨远端中间柱骨折的分型和价值探讨

目的  对桡骨远端中间柱骨折（ICF）类型进行归纳总结,提出新分型,并探讨分型的一致性和临床价值。方法  将64例ICF归纳分为：掌侧型、背侧型、劈裂型、塌陷型和塌陷伴劈裂型。采用Kappa方法分析观察者间和观察者内的分型一致性。根据分型指导45例有移位ICF手术入路和复位固定方法的选择,无明显移位骨折13例和有移位但患者拒绝手术6例均采取保守治疗。腕关节功能按Gartland-Werley评分标准评价。结果  背侧型、掌侧型、劈裂型、塌陷型和塌陷伴劈裂型分别为：13、3、10、25和13例。观察者间和观察者内Kappa系数分别为0.875～0.900和0.900～0.925,高度一致性。均获13～36个月（平均18.4个月）随访。末次随访,手术组1例塌陷伴劈裂型骨折因手术复位不满意,保守组5例塌陷型骨折因拒绝手术采取保守治疗,结果均发生创伤性腕关节炎,功能恢复为可,其余均为优或良。手术组与保守组发生创伤性腕关节炎比较,差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.197,P =0.041）;塌陷和塌陷伴劈裂型发生创伤性腕关节炎比较,差异有统计学意义（χ2=9.128,P =0.003）。结论  ICF分型较好地反映了骨折特点,对选择治疗方法和评估疗效具有较好的参考价值。

     

Back pain in patients with severe osteoporosis on teriparatide or antiresorptives: a prospective observational study in a multiethnic population

INTRODUCTION

We evaluated reduced back pain in a multiethnic population treated with teriparatide and/or antiresorptives in real-life clinical settings over 12 months.

METHODS

This prospective observational study comprised 562 men and postmenopausal women (mean age 68.8 years) receiving either teriparatide (n = 230), antiresorptives (raloxifene or bisphosphonates; n = 322), or both (n = 10) for severe osteoporosis. The primary endpoint was the relative risk of new/worsening back pain at six months.

RESULTS

At baseline, a higher proportion of teriparatide-treated than antiresorptive-treated patients had severe back pain (30.9% vs. 17.7%), extreme pain/discomfort (25.3% vs. 16.8%), extreme anxiety/depression (16.6% vs. 7.8%) and were confined to bed (10.0% vs. 5.3%). Teriparatide-treated patients had higher visual analog scale (VAS) scores for pain (5.8 ± 2.42 vs. 5.1 ± 2.58) and lower mean European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) scores (37.7 ± 29.15 vs. 45.5 ± 31.42) than antiresorptive-treated patients. The incidence of new/worsening back pain at six months for patients on teriparatide and antiresorptives was 9.8% and 10.3% (relative risk 0.99, 95% confidence interval 0.80–1.23), respectively. The incidence of severe back pain at 12 months was 1.3% and 1.6% in the teriparatide and antiresorptive treatment groups, respectively. Teriparatide-treated patients had lower mean VAS (2.71 ± 2.21 vs. 3.30 ± 2.37) and EQ-5D (46.1 ± 33.18 vs. 55.4 ± 32.65) scores at 12 months. More teriparatide-treated patients felt better (82.7% vs. 71.0%) and were very satisfied with treatment (49.4% vs. 36.8%) compared to antiresorptive-treated patients.

CONCLUSION

Patients treated with either teriparatide or antiresorptives had similar risk of new/worsening back pain at six months.     

掌侧锁定钢板治疗桡骨远端骨折

目的:探讨采用掌侧锁定钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端骨折的临床疗效.方法:对我院2006年5月至2010年6月,掌侧锁定钢板内固定治疗65例桡骨远端骨折的临床资料作分析.结果.65例均获随访,随访时间8～18个月,平均12个月.所有骨折均骨性愈合,无内固定物松动、断裂、感染、腕管综合征等并发症.按照Dienst腕关节功能评价标...     

Laparoscopic grasper for intramedullary biopsy: a technique to improve tissue sampling

Reaming samples are usually sent for histological testing to establish or confirm the primary source of malignancy while intramedullary nailing is performed for impending or established pathological fracture of the long bones. However, this conventional technique of sampling does not always yield accurate results. Herein, we introduce a technique for intramedullary biopsy using a laparoscopic grasper under image intensifier guidance. This novel technique was applied in three cases, and the tissue samples obtained successfully established or confirmed the primary source of malignancy. In comparison, reaming samples obtained via the conventional method showed negative findings in one case and tumour cells that were of poor sample quality in another case. We opine that this new technique is an effective and reproducible method that could improve tissue sampling and achieve a more reliable histological diagnosis.     

桡骨远端不稳定骨折的手术治疗与早期康复

目的探讨桡骨远端不稳定骨折手术治疗方法、效果及功能恢复情况。方法桡骨远端不稳定骨折患者23例,采用切开复位及外固定支架固定,术后早期开始术区功能锻炼,观察骨折愈合、并发症发生及腕关节功能恢复状况。结果经6～24个月随访,23例患者均获骨性愈合,无感染、神经损伤等并发症发生。2例发生轻度复位丢失,1例发生创伤性骨关节炎。总体优良率87.0%。结论桡骨远端不稳定骨折手术治疗可获得较理想的治疗效果,内固定与切开复位外固定均是可采取的手术方法,早期功能康复对腕关节功能恢复有重要作用。     

改良柳木小夹板治疗桡骨下端伸直型骨折的临床观察

目的 比较改良柳木小夹板与传统小夹板治疗桡骨下端伸直型骨折的临床疗效.方法 用前瞻性研究方法,将61例桡骨下段伸直型骨折患者分为改良柳木小夹板治疗组、传统小夹板对照组,每组分别为31、30例.进行治疗前、治疗后第1、3、7、30天的疼痛、肿胀评分,比较两组治疗后15 d内的调整次数,评定治疗后第45天疗效.结果 治疗组与对照组疼痛、肿胀、调整次数等方面的评分在自身前后对照、治疗后组间对照差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),其中治疗组在治疗前至第3天时段疼痛明显缓解(P＜0.05),在第3天至第7天时段肿胀明显减轻(P＜0.01),评分降幅分别为(28.71±5.16)、(0.84±0.52)分,15 d内调整次数为(1.58±0.78)次;对照组在第3天至第7天时段疼痛缓解,肿胀评分在第7d至第30 d时段才明显减轻,评分降幅分别为(13.83±3.13)、(1.40±0.56)分,15 d内调整次数为(3.03±0.81)次.而两组临床疗效总有效率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 改良柳木小夹板外固定治疗桡骨下端骨折,能显著减少骨折早期的肿胀、疼痛和调整次数,是一种安全、有效的新型小夹板外固定器.     

Treatment of posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fractures of the tibia using a toothed plate and hollow lag screw

INTRODUCTION

To investigate the feasibility and clinical efficacy of using a toothed plate and hollow lag screw in the surgical treatment of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures of the tibia.

METHODS

A total of 21 patients were treated with open reduction and internal fixation using a toothed plate and hollow lag screw, through a posteromedial approach using an inverted L-shaped incision. The patients were allowed appropriate functional exercises, including knee flexion and extension, after removal of the plaster at postoperative weeks 3–6. The follow-up period was between six months and two years.

RESULTS

This was a retrospective study of patients with PCL avulsion fractures of the tibia caused by road traffic accidents (n = 9), sports-related injuries (n = 6), falls (n = 5) and machinery-related injuries (n = 1). 20 patients presented with fresh fractures and one with an old fracture. The patients (13 men, eight women) had a mean age of 41.5 (range 19–72) years. Anatomical reduction of the fracture and satisfactory fixation were achieved in all 21 patients. Bony union was achieved in all patients at 8–12 weeks after surgery. Six months after surgery, knee flexion was 121.9° ± 10.4° and extension was 0°. According to the Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale, 19 patients were rated as ‘excellent’ and two as ‘good’.

CONCLUSION

The use of a toothed plate and hollow lag screw could be a simple and reliable approach for PCL avulsion fractures of the tibia. Patients achieved good knee function after surgery.     

Attitudes and perceptions of the general Malaysian public regarding family presence during resuscitation

INTRODUCTION

Family presence (FP) during resuscitation is an increasingly favoured trend, as it affords many benefits to the critically ill patient’s family members. However, a previously conducted study showed that only 15.8% of surveyed Malaysian healthcare staff supported FP during resuscitation.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study used a bilingual self-administered questionnaire to examine the attitudes and perceptions of the general Malaysian public toward the presence of family members during resuscitation of their loved ones. The questionnaires were randomly distributed to Malaysians in three different states and in the federal territory of Kuala Lumpur.

RESULTS

Out of a total of 190 survey forms distributed, 184 responses were included for analysis. Of the 184 respondents, 140 (76.1%) indicated that they favoured FP during resuscitation. The most common reason cited was that FP during resuscitation provides family members with the assurance that everything possible had been done for their loved ones (n = 157, 85.3%). Respondents who had terminal illnesses were more likely to favour FP during resuscitation than those who did not, and this was statistically significant (95.0% vs. 73.8%; p = 0.04).

CONCLUSION

FP during resuscitation was favoured by a higher percentage of the general Malaysian public as compared to Malaysian healthcare staff. This could be due to differences in concerns regarding the resuscitation process between members of the public and healthcare staff.     

Bilateral scaphoid stress fracture in a platform diver presenting with unilateral symptoms

Scaphoid stress fracture is rare and occurs mainly in gymnasts. The current literature has only two reported cases: unilateral scaphoid stress fracture in a platform diver and bilateral scaphoid stress fracture in a gymnast. We herein report bilateral stress fracture of the scaphoid in a platform diver who presented with only one symptomatic side. Our patient was a 16-year-old competitive platform diver with an 18-month history of pain in the right wrist. Radiography revealed fracture of the right scaphoid at the waist. As part of our preoperativezh to determine the appropriate screw, radiography of the contralateral side was performed, revealing an unexpected fracture of the left scaphoid. Due to the frequency of stress fractures in competitive sports, especially gymnastics, we recommend that bilateral scaphoid radiography be performed for athletes presenting with a unilateral scaphoid fracture, to avoid missing a fracture in the contralateral side.     

桡、尺骨远端骨巨细胞瘤的手术治疗

目的 观察桡、尺骨远端骨巨细胞瘤手术治疗的效果.方法 选取18例接受手术治疗且术后至少随访24个月的桡骨(15例)或尺骨(3例)远端骨巨细胞瘤患者,其中3例桡骨远端病变患者接受了囊内刮除手术,另12例采用瘤段切除自体腓骨移植重建术;2例尺骨远端病变患者接受单纯瘤段切除术,另1例于切除瘤段后进行腕关节融合.术后随访患者复发情况和关节功能状况.结果 术后平均随访45个月,患者均无局部复发,无感染或周围神经损伤等并发症.2例患者接受自体腓骨移植后出现骨不连,采用自体髂骨块植骨治疗后骨愈合.术后Enneking肢体功能评价平均得分为74%,肢体功能评分与患者性别、肿瘤发生部位和Campanacci骨巨细胞瘤影像学分期无关,与手术方式有关.结论 瘤段切除术治疗桡、尺骨远端骨巨细胞瘤可显著降低肿瘤局部复发率.自体腓骨移植是重建桡腕关节的可行方法.     

桡、尺骨远端骨巨细胞瘤的手术治疗

目的 观察桡、尺骨远端骨巨细胞瘤手术治疗的效果.方法 选取18例接受手术治疗且术后至少随访24个月的桡骨（15例）或尺骨（3例）远端骨巨细胞瘤患者,其中3例桡骨远端病变患者接受了囊内刮除手术,另12例采用瘤段切除自体腓骨移植重建术;2例尺骨远端病变患者接受单纯瘤段切除术,另1例于切除瘤段后进行腕关节融合.术后随访患者复发情况和关节功能状况.结果 术后平均随访45个月,患者均无局部复发,无感染或周围神经损伤等并发症.2例患者接受自体腓骨移植后出现骨不连,采用自体髂骨块植骨治疗后骨愈合.术后Enneking肢体功能评价平均得分为74%,肢体功能评分与患者性别、肿瘤发生部位和Campanacci骨巨细胞瘤影像学分期无关,与手术方式有关.结论 瘤段切除术治疗桡、尺骨远端骨巨细胞瘤可显著降低肿瘤局部复发率.自体腓骨移植是重建桡腕关节的可行方法.     

Prevalence of faecal incontinence in the community: a cross-sectional study in Singapore

INTRODUCTION

Faecal incontinence (FI) is a stigmatised condition that remains a silent affliction for many populations. To date, no local study has been performed to determine its prevalence in our population. The existing literature from the West has shown highly variable rates, ranging from 0.8% to 18.0%. The aim of this study was to determine the cross-sectional prevalence of FI in Singapore and to identify at-risk groups.

METHODS

A door-to-door questionnaire survey was performed between February and March 2013. We randomly selected 1,000 individuals from the electoral roll to be surveyed using the validated Comprehensive Fecal Incontinence Questionnaire.

RESULTS

A total of 381 participants agreed to be enrolled in the study. The mean age of the participants was 52 (range 21–86) years, and slightly more than half of the participants were female (52.8%). Among the female participants, 73.1% had children (78.8% underwent normal vaginal delivery). The overall prevalence of FI in our study population was 4.7%. The prevalence of FI was observed to be significantly associated with increasing age (p = 0.004) and female gender (p = 0.029); women were three times more likely to suffer from FI than men.

CONCLUSION

With the ageing population of Singapore, the results of the present study provide further impetus to continue public outreach efforts as well as develop clinical programmes that address the growing need for specialist treatments for people with FI.     

Polymorphism of ZBTB17 gene is associated with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: a case control study in a Han Chinese population

Background

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) has been extensively investigated for many years, but its pathogenesis remains uncertain. The ACTC1 gene was the first sarcomeric gene whose mutation was shown to cause DCM; recent studies have indicated that the HSPB7 and ZBTB17 genes are also associated with DCM. To assess the potential role of these three genes in DCM, we examined 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ZBTB17, HSPB7 and ACTC1 genes: namely, rs10927875 in ZBTB17; rs1739843, rs7523558, and rs6660685 in HSPB7; rs533021, rs589759, rs1370154, rs2070664, rs3759834, rs525720 and rs670957 in ACTC1.

Methods

A total of 97 DCM patients and 189 controls were included in the study. All SNPs were genotyped by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS).

Results

The genotype of SNP rs10927875 in ZBTB17 (OR=5.19, 95% CI =1.00 to 27.03, P=0.05) was associated with DCM in a Han Chinese population. There was no difference in genotype or allele frequencies in ACTC1 or HSPB7 between DCM patients and control subjects.

Conclusion

The ZBTB17 polymorphism rs10927875 appears to play a role in the susceptibility of the Han Chinese population to DCM.