外固定器治疗桡骨远端C2、C3型不稳定骨折

目的 探讨外固定器＋有限内固定治疗桡骨远端C2、C3型不稳定骨折的临床疗效。方法 应用外固定器治疗桡骨远端粉碎性不稳定骨折24例。手法牵引复位＋外固定架11例;克氏针撬拨复位＋外固定架9例;尺骨内固定＋外固定架1例;掌侧钢板＋外固定架3例。结果 24例均获随访,时间4—35个月。用Dienst标准评估腕关节功能,优8例,良13例,一般2例,差1例。用Stewartetal标准进行影像学评估,优8例,良11例,一般3例,差2例。钉道感染1例,无钉道骨折、医源性神经管损伤、伤口感染、骨髓炎等并发症发生。结论 外固定器＋有限内固定是治疗桡骨远端C2、C3型粉碎性不稳定骨折的有效方法,其操作简便,疗效可靠,并发症少。     

掌侧锁定钢板结合外支架治疗C型桡骨远端不稳定骨折

目的探讨掌侧锁定钢板结合外支架治疗c型桡骨远端不稳定骨折的临床疗效。方法应用T形或斜T形掌侧锁定钢板及跨腕关节外支架治疗24例c型桡骨远端不稳定骨折患者。结果22例获得随访,时间6～29个月。按Lidstrom评分系统行影像学评价：优12例,良7例,中3例。依据Cooney评分法对腕关节功能进行评价：优17例,良3例,一般2例。无严重并发症发生。结论．对C型桡骨远端骨折应用掌侧锁定钢板结合外支架治疗能够起到坚强固定和早期活动的作用,可较早恢复腕关节功能,临床效果良好。     

A meta-analysis of outcomes of external fixation versus plate osteosynthesis for unstable distal radius fractures

PURPOSE: External fixation and open reduction and internal fixation have been the traditional techniques for surgical fixation of unstable distal radius fractures. The existing literature has not identified which is superior, primarily because of the lack of comparative trials. We performed a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the current literature on external fixation and internal fixation of distal radius fractures to determine the dominant strategy based on available scientific evidence. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for English-language articles published between 1980 and 2004 that satisfied predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The outcomes of internal and external fixation were compared using continuous measures of grip strength, wrist range of motion, and radiographic alignment and categoric measures of pain, physician-rated outcome scales, and complication rates. Outcomes were pooled by random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis was used to control for patient age, presence of intra-articular fracture, duration of follow-up period, and date of publication. Sensitivity analyses were used to test the stability of the meta-analysis results under different assumptions. RESULTS: Forty-six articles were included in the review with 28 (917 patients) external fixation studies and 18 (603 patients) internal fixation studies. Meta-analysis did not detect clinically or statistically significant differences in pooled grip strength, wrist range of motion, radiographic alignment, pain, and physician-rated outcomes between the 2 treatment arms. There were higher rates of infection, hardware failure, and neuritis with external fixation and higher rates of tendon complications and early hardware removal with internal fixation. Considerable heterogeneity was present in all studies and adversely affected the precision of the meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The current literature offers no evidence to support the use of internal fixation over external fixation for unstable distal radius fractures. Comparative trials using appropriately sensitive and validated outcome measurements are needed to guide treatment decisions.     

外固定架结合掌侧钢板治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折

2006年5月~2010年2月,我院采用掌侧T形钢板结合外固定架治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折32例,取得较好效果。1材料与方法     

外固定架加掌侧钢板治疗桡骨远端关节内粉碎性骨折

[目的]探讨外固定支架结合掌侧钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端关节内粉碎性骨折的疗效。[方法]自2004年2月~2008年2月采用外固定支架结合掌侧钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端关节内粉碎性骨折35例。男23例,女12例:平均年龄41.6岁。按AO/ASIF分型均为C3型。其中闭合性骨折30例,开放性骨折5例。[结果]术后随访24~118个月,平均37个月,35例骨折均获得愈合。术后1年随访,32例关节面台阶2mm,3例关节面台阶2mm;平均桡骨高11.11mm(8~15mm);平均掌倾角8.37°(-5~20°);平均尺偏角21.83°(13~25°)。与健侧相比,尺偏角、桡骨高的差异无统计学意义(P0.05),掌倾角较健侧相比平均丢失了2.69°,差异有显著性意义(P0.05)。根据Gartland-Werley腕关节评分标准,优良率为91%。[结论]外固定支架结合切开复位掌侧钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端关节内粉碎性骨折效果满意,病人腕关节、前臂及手的功能恢复好,术后创伤性骨关节炎的发生率低,并发症少,病人主观满意率高,是目前比较安全有效的方法。     

Percutaneous pins versus volar plates for unstable distal radius fractures: a biomechanic study using a cadaver model

PURPOSE: A biomechanic study using a cadaver model of a dorsally unstable distal radius fracture was used to compare the stability of percutaneous pinning and volar fixed-angle plating. Among the many surgical options for treating distal radius fractures are percutaneous pinning and internal plate fixation. Although percutaneous pin fixation requires less soft-tissue trauma and has low complication rates, plate fixation allows for early active movement with good clinical results. The biomechanic stability of these 2 methods was studied by using a cadaver model of a dorsally unstable intra-articular distal radius fracture. METHODS: This study was performed on 7 fresh-frozen cadaver arms, in each of which an unstable intra-articular fracture with dorsal comminution was created. The fracture was first fixed with 0.062-mm K-wires inserted in standard crossed fashion and was tested in a pneumatic loading device that indirectly loaded the wrists through the 5 motor tendons 3 times at each level of force in flexion and extension. Testing was then repeated after removal of the pins and fixation with a fixed-angle DVR distal volar radius plate system (Hand Innovations, Inc., Miami, FL). Testing was performed in flexion up to 68 N and in extension up to 100 N, and the distance across the fracture site was measured. RESULTS: Volar plating was significantly more stable than pinning, with an average movement across the fracture site of 2.51 mm for pin fixation and 1.07 mm for plate fixation. The pins also showed a substantial degree of slipping after repeated stressing, but the plates remained stable. CONCLUSIONS: These results show the superior biomechanic stability of internal fixation using plates for dorsally comminuted intra-articular distal radius fractures in this cadaver model. Further clinical correlations are needed.     

锁定加压钢板治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折

2004年7月～2011年6月,我科应用锁定加压钢板(LCP)治疗27例桡骨远端粉碎性骨折患者,疗效满意。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组27例(29侧)男12例,女15例,年龄20～75岁。右侧16例,左侧9例,双侧2例。手术时间为伤     

T型钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端不稳定性骨折

目的探讨T型钢板治疗桡骨远端不稳定性骨折的疗效。方法对19例桡骨远端不稳定性骨折患者采用T型钢板内固定治疗。结果 18例获得随访（1例失访）,时间6~23个月,骨折均骨性愈合。疗效根据Dienst et al评分系统进行评定：优9例,良7例,一般2例。结论 T型钢板内固定是治疗桡骨远端不稳性骨折较好的方法。     

外固定架结合微型钢板治疗难复性桡骨远端骨折

2003年6月～2007年9月,我院应用外固定架结合微型钢板治疗难复性桡骨远端骨折48例,疗效良好。1材料与方法1．1病例资料本组48例,男15例,女33例,年龄22～73（40．5±10．5）岁。左侧20例,右侧28例。均为新鲜闭合性骨折。     

掌侧入路斜T形钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折

目的探讨掌侧入路斜T形钢板治疗桡骨远端不稳定骨折的临床疗效。方法对25例桡骨远端不稳定骨折采用掌侧入路斜T形钢板内固定并植骨治疗。结果 25例均获得随访,时间6～18个月。X线片显示骨折全部愈合。根据Gartland-Wefley腕关节评分标准进行评估:优18例,良5例,可2例。结论对于桡骨远端不稳定骨折,采用掌侧入路斜T形钢板内固定辅以植骨,既能使骨折复位、固定满意,又有利于术后早期手和腕部的功能康复锻炼,是治疗不稳定性桡骨远端骨折的有效方法。     

桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的手术治疗

1999年1月~2005年1月,我院采用手术治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折32例,取得满意疗效。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组32例,男21例,女11例,年龄11~68岁。开放性骨折5例,闭合性骨折27例。按AO分类:B1型4例,B2型11例,C1型8例,C2型8例,C3型1例。1.2治疗方法分为3组:①切开复位克氏针内固定组     

掌侧锁定加压钢板治疗桡骨远端背侧不稳定性骨折

[目的]探讨掌侧入路“T”形锁定加压钢板（T-LCP）治疗桡骨远端背侧不稳定性骨折的初期疗效。[方法]总结2003年9月～2005年11月经掌侧入路T-LCP内固定治疗桡骨远端背侧不稳定性骨折9例。男3例，女6例，年龄52～74岁，平均63．5岁。按AO分类标准：B2型2例，B3型1例，C1型2例，C2型3例，C3型1例，均为闭合性骨折。所有病例均采取掌侧入路，术中不显露背侧组织，骨缺损严重者置入人工骨（Osteoset）。[结果]9例全部获得随访，平均10．7个月（6～17个月）。X线片显示骨折全部Ⅰ期愈合，平均愈合时间为7周。1例骨缺损严重，术中置入人工骨（Osteoset）。所有病例均无感染、骨不连、钢板松动、腕管综合征、正中神经炎等并发症。术后功能康复时间6～29周，平均12．5周。术后第1d开始被动活动腕关节，1周后主动活动，功能锻炼。按改良的Mcbride腕关节功能评价标准：优7例，良1例，可1例，优良率为88．9％。[结论]经掌侧入路T-LCP治疗桡骨远端背侧不稳定骨折，内固定可靠，允许早期功能锻炼，疗效佳。     

Volar versus dorsal fixed-angle fixation of dorsally unstable extra-articular distal radius fractures: a biomechanic study

PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare the biomechanic rigidity and strength of 3 fixed-angle plates used to treat extra-articular distal radius fractures that are dorsally unstable. Volar fixed-angle plates were compared with a dorsal fixed-angle nail plate. METHODS: Three plate constructs were tested: the dorsal nail plate (DNP), distal volar radius (DVR) plate, and locking compression plate (LCP) volar distal radius plate. With anatomic, third-generation, artificial composite radii, dorsally unstable extra-articular distal radius fracture models were made by cutting a wedge osteotomy with an 8-mm dorsal gap 1 cm from the articular surface. These models were then fixed with the 3 implants by the method recommended by the manufacturer. The proximal radii of each specimen were attached to the base of a materials testing machine with a probe centered at the radial side of the lunate fossa. The specimens were loaded at a constant rate to failure under axial compression. Load and displacement were plotted graphically, and the resulting rigidities and strengths of each plate were assessed statistically. RESULTS: The DVR group had significantly greater stiffness than the LCP group. The DVR group had significantly higher maximum loads than both the DNP and LCP groups. There were no significant differences in yield loads. Both the DNP and DVR groups had significantly less displacement at yield than the LCP group. CONCLUSIONS: These 3 groups had similar yield loads. However, the LCP was less stiff than the DVR and had more displacement at yield than both the DVR and DNP. The yield load of all 3 implants was much higher than previously described loads for active wrist and finger motion.     

Arthroscopic management of distal radius fractures

Arthroscopy has the advantage of providing a direct and accurate assessment of the articular surfaces and detecting the presence of injuries associated with distal radius fractures. Current indications, although numerous and potentially expanding, also are controversial. This report presents a global view of the current status of arthroscopy in the management of distal radius fractures. The rationale of arthroscopic treatment, the available evidence, and finally the diagnosis and treatment are discussed.     

桡骨远端不稳定性骨折手术与保守治疗疗效比较

目的　评价桡骨远端不稳定性骨折外固定器治疗与石膏固定的效果。方法　将桡骨远端不稳定性骨折患者随机分为两组 ,分别采用外固定器治疗和手法复位石膏固定治疗。用Dionst标准行功能评估、Stewart标准行解剖学评估。结果　外固定器组复位质量和疗效优于石膏组 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　桡骨远端不稳定性骨折行外固定器治疗是一种安全、简便、实用的方法。     

桡骨远端Barton骨折的微创治疗

目的探讨桡骨远端Barton骨折微创治疗的可行性。方法采用自行设计的新型外固定器,结合经皮撬拨、有限切开复位和经皮克氏针固定等微创技术治疗桡骨远端Barton骨折18例。结果术后3、12个月腕关节的活动范围较对侧正常腕关节相比无差异,桡骨高度和尺偏角较对侧正常腕关节相比无差异,掌倾角分别恢复53·7%、52·8%,小于对侧正常腕关节。Sarmiento功能评分:优11例,良5例,一般2例。结论新型外固定器能有效维持桡骨远端骨折的复位,使桡骨远端骨折的微创治疗成为可能。     

不同方法治疗桡骨远端C型骨折的疗效比较

目的比较应用外固定支架与锁定钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端C型骨折的疗效。方法 48例桡骨远端C型骨折的患者按手术方式不同分为外固定组(采用闭合复位外固定支架,24例)和内固定组(采用切开复位锁定钢板内固定,24例),比较两组患者术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间、骨折愈合时间、术后腕关节功能。结果 48例获得随访,时间6~24(13.19±4.31)个月。术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间、骨折愈合时间外固定组均少(短)于内固定组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后影像学在掌倾角、尺偏角:C1型骨折两种治疗方法比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);C2骨折内固定组优于外固定组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);C3型骨折外固定组优于内固定组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论外固定支架与锁定钢板内固定治疗桡骨远端骨折C型骨折均可获得良好的临床疗效。在术后24周影像学比较中:C2型骨折锁定钢板内固定治疗在影像学上有更好的掌倾角和尺偏角,更有利于关节功能恢复;C3型骨折外固定支架具有更好的牵张力,更能有效避免桡骨远端关节面继发性塌陷。外固定支架治疗创伤较小,有利于术后腕关节功能恢复。