后腹腔镜肾切除术8例的体会

目的:探讨后腹腔镜肾切除术的临床应用价值。方法:回顾分析8例后腹腔镜肾切除术的临床资料。结果:7例手术成功,成功率为87.5%。1例肾脓肿引流后粘连明显改开放手术。手术时间80~145m in,平均91m in;术中出血20~500m l,平均96m l;术中、术后均未输血,无明显并发症。结论:后腹腔镜肾切除术患者损伤小,术后康复快,有良好的临床应用前景。     

钛夹和Hem-o-lok夹在腹膜后腹腔镜肾切除术肾血管处理中的应用

目的:评价钛夹和Hem-o-lok夹在腹膜后腹腔镜肾切除术中处理肾血管的安全性和可靠性。方法:回顾分析2003年至2008年我院施行的1 245例腹膜后腹腔镜肾切除术的临床资料,其中单纯性肾切除术879例,根治性肾切除术321例,肾输尿管全长切除术45例。用钛夹处理肾血管825例,用Hem-o-lok夹处理420例。结果:3例中转开放手术,但非肾血管处理不全引起。发生钛夹滑脱1例,未发生明显出血。钛夹组平均手术时间150m in,平均出血90m l,Hem-o-lok组平均手术时间125m in,平均出血60m l。无血管夹原因而需输血、中转开放或再次手术探查病例。术后平均住院5.2d。结论:腹膜后腹腔镜肾切除术术中使用钛夹和Hem-o-lok夹处理肾血管安全可靠,而且用钛夹还可节省治疗费用。     

手助腹腔镜肾切除术30例报告

目的:探讨手助腹腔镜肾切除术的方法和临床应用价值。方法:为30例患者施行手助腹腔镜肾切除术,其中根治性肾切除术20例,单纯性肾切除术3例,肾输尿管全长切除膀胱袖套状切除术4例,活体供肾切除术3例。结果:30例手助腹腔镜肾切除手术均获成功。手术时间80~260m in,平均162m in;术中出血30~200m l,平均96m l。结论:手助腹腔镜手术不仅具有常规腹腔镜手术创伤小、患者康复快等优点,且操作相对简单,易掌握,安全性较高,适合于泌尿系大器官、复杂手术。     

泌尿外科腹腔镜手术的体会(附106例报告)

目的:总结腹腔镜应用于泌尿外科的经验体会。方法:为106例患者施行泌尿外科腹腔镜手术,其中肾囊肿去顶术66例,肾切除术13例,肾部分切除术7例,输尿管切开取石术2例,精索静脉高位结扎术13例;肾上腺肿瘤切除术5例。其中76例经后腹腔入路,30例经腹入路。结果:106例手术均获成功,肾囊肿去顶术手术时间30~100m in,平均50m in,平均出血20m l。肾切除术手术时间120~240m in,平均191m in,平均出血200m l。肾部分切除术手术时间65~120m in,平均出血250m l。输尿管上段切开取石术手术时间120、125m in,平均出血60m l。精索静脉高位结扎术手术时间30~45m in,平均出血10m l。肾上腺肿瘤切除术手术时间50~150m in,平均出血50m l,术中无一例输血。术中术后未发生严重并发症。结论:腹腔镜手术安全、微创,在泌尿外科有很好的应用前景。     

腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗T_(1a)期肾细胞癌73例报告

目的:总结腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗T1 a期肾细胞癌的经验。方法:回顾分析2004年7月至2008年12月我院为73例T1 a期肾细胞癌患者行腹腔镜肾部分切除术的临床资料。结果:73例手术均获成功。经腹腔途径39例,腹膜后途径34例,手术时间60~100m in,平均76m in。肾动脉阻断时间15~32m in,平均21m in。术中出血20~60m l,均未输血。术中需缝合集合系统2例。术后病理:肾透明细胞癌67例,乳头状肾细胞癌5例,集合管癌1例,切缘均阴性。术后住院5~10d,平均6.3d。随访3~54个月,平均30.6个月,肿瘤无复发、转移。结论:腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗T1 a期肾细胞癌安全可行,熟练的腹腔镜技术有助于此术式的开展。     

腹腔镜肾切除术中钛夹处理肾蒂的体会

目的:介绍腹腔镜肾切除术中单纯采用钛夹处理肾蒂的术式与经验。方法:腹腔镜肾切除术7例,其中肾积水无功能肾6例,肾结核1例。经腹腔镜操作,分离出输尿管显露肾蒂,肾动脉、肾静脉钛夹夹闭后切断,单纯采用钛夹处理肾蒂切除肾脏。结果:手术均获成功,术中和术后无肾血管出血发生。手术时间130~220m in,平均150m in;术中出血80~150m l,平均120m l;术后住院时间5~7d。结论:腹腔镜肾切除术中单纯采用钛夹处理肾蒂,效果确切,经济可行。     

机器人辅助腹腔镜肾部分切除术的学习曲线

目的:探讨机器人辅助腹腔镜肾部分切除术的学习曲线。方法:比较同一外科医生施行的早期20例机器人辅助腹腔镜肾部分切除术和最近20例腹腔镜肾部分切除术的围手术期结果。所有手术在2013年5月~2013年8月完成。既往该医生成功施行1 000余例腹腔镜肾部分切除术和300余例机器人辅助腹腔镜根治性前列腺切除术。比较2种术式的手术时间、热缺血时间、出血量、切缘阳性率、术后住院时间、围手术期并发症发生率。结果:2组患者术前临床资料和肿瘤病理学结果的比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。2组均无切缘阳性病例。2组手术出血量、术后住院时间、围手术期并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。在机器人辅助腹腔镜肾部分切除术的学习曲线中,手术时间和热缺血时间均呈下降趋势。经过早期9例手术后,机器人辅助腹腔镜肾部分切除术的平均手术时间即可接近最近20例腹腔镜肾部分切除术的平均手术时间。前9例机器人辅助腹腔镜肾部分切除术的平均手术时间是134min,热缺血时间是20min,远远长于后11例机器人辅助腹腔镜肾部分切除术平均手术时间107min,热缺血时间14min。结论:一个资深腹腔镜外科医生从腹腔镜肾部分切除术到机器人辅助腹腔镜肾部分切除术过渡是一个非常迅速的过程,经过前9例机器人辅助腹腔镜肾部分切除术后,行机器人辅助腹腔镜肾部分切除术和腹腔镜肾部分切除术的手术时间大致相同。2组热缺血时间、手术出血量、术后住院时间、手术出血量、术后住院时间、围手术期并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。     

后腹腔镜结核性无功能肾切除术

目的:比较后腹腔镜结核肾切除术与开放手术的方法和疗效.方法:对7例无功能性结核肾行后腹腔镜结核肾切除术,同期11例行开放肾切除术,比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院天数、并发症及手术疗效.结果:2组患者均顺利完成手术,平均手术时间分别为122 min(60～270 min)和96 rain(60～150 min),平均术中出血量分别为81 m1(20～400 m1)和255 ml(50～1 000 ml),平均术后住院天数分别为7天和9天,术中术后无明显并发症.结论:后腹腔镜结核肾切除术是一种安全、有效的微创治疗方法.后腹腔镜肾切除为肾结核的手术治疗提供了一条新的途径.     

后腹腔镜根治性肾输尿管切除术21例报告

目的:探讨后腹腔镜根治性肾输尿管切除术的疗效。方法:2003年10月至2006年10月我们对21例肾盂或输尿管移行细胞癌患者行后腹腔镜根治性肾输尿管切除术,其中肾盂癌13例,输尿管癌8例。经尿道输尿管口切除术处理末段输尿管,使用Hem-O-lock结扎锁处理肾动静脉。结果:本组手术时间180-300m in,平均220m in;出血量40-100m l,平均60m l;术中、术后未发生明显并发症。随访2-35个月,2例发生膀胱移行细胞癌。结论:后腹腔镜根治性肾输尿管切除术具有创伤小、术后恢复快等优点,用Hem-O-lock结扎锁处理肾动静脉安全可靠,经济实用。     

无气腹腹腔镜肾部分切除术

目的:探讨在肾部分切除术中无气腹腹腔镜技术的临床价值。方法:回顾分析2004年1月至2005年12月用无气腹腹腔镜技术行肾部分切除术10例患者的临床资料。结果:10例手术时间130~190m in,术中失血量250~600m l。术后引流管留置2~3d,术后进食时间6~24h,术后住院5~8d,随访1~24个月,手术侧肾脏功能良好,1例为肾癌行保肾手术肿瘤无复发。结论:无气腹腹腔镜肾部分切除术将传统开放手术与腹腔镜技术相结合,学习曲线短,可能成为一种比较理想的肾部分切除的手术方式。     

后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术23例报告

目的 探索后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术的应用范围和经验。方法 2001年12月至2005年10月，对23例患者施行后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术，其中肾细胞癌14例、错构瘤5例、重复肾4例，孤立肾1例。结果22例手术顺利完成，1例肾肿瘤因仅阻断肾动脉前支时出血而行腹腔镜肾切除．手术时间60～240min，平均121min。肾动脉阻断时间20～55min，平均32min。术中出血量100～300ml，均未输血。病理报告肾细胞癌14例，切缘均阴性；错构瘤5例。1例重复肾因切除不彻底，术后发现肾上极囊性肿块而再次开放手术行肾部分切除。结论 后腹腔镜下肾部分切除术对选择性的肾脏病变是一种有效和微创的治疗方法，远期效果有待进一步观察。     

多层螺旋CT血管成像在后腹腔镜肾脏切除手术中的应用价值

目的：探讨术前多层螺旋CT血管成像技术在后腹腔镜下。肾脏切除手术中的指导意义。方法：45例患者术前行64排螺旋CT血管成像检查,明确肾血管与病肾及病灶的三维解剖关系,并在其指导下,行根治性肾切除术14例,’肾部分切除术7例,其中肾段动脉阻断的肾部分切术2例;肾输尿管膀胱袖状切除7例,单纯性肾切除16例,上肾单位切除1例。结果：多层螺旋CT血管成像提示动脉解剖异常占26．7％,动脉病变占6．7％。静脉解剖异常占22．4％,所提示的血管解剖异常及病变与术中所见吻合率100％,但术中发现异常的肾肿瘤静脉血管,在螺旋CT血管成像中未能清晰显示占6．7％。在多层螺旋CT血管成像的提示下,术中病肾血管的处理快速准确,手术顺利。术中平均出血80ml,手术平均时间170min,无中转开放手术。结论：术前行多层螺旋CT血管成像检查,可直观准确地评估血管。特别是动脉血管与病肾及病灶的三维解剖关系,了解可能存在的动静脉解剖变异或血管病变,拟定手术方案,指导术者快速准确地处理血管,避免盲目操作,减少出血和并发症。在后腹腔镜的肾脏切除手术中．有较重要的价值。     

后腹腔镜下肾切除术的关键——肾蒂处理的体会

目的总结后腹腔镜下肾切除术中肾蒂处理的经验。方法根治性肾切除术66例,单纯性肾切除术52例,活体供肾切取术2例,术中注意肾蒂的快速寻找、及早控制和适当的处理方法三要点。结果116例后腹腔镜手术成功,4例中转开放手术。手术时间65～180min,平均103min。术中出血量50～150ml,平均70ml,病人均未输血。术后2～3d拔除引流管,3～5d下床活动,恢复顺利,无并发症。105例随访2年未发现异常。结论肾蒂快速寻找、及早控制和适当的处理方法是后腹腔镜下肾脏切除手术成功的关键。     

后腹腔镜无功能肾切除术的临床体会(附16例报告)

目的:总结后腹腔镜无功能肾切除术的安全性及手术方法、技巧。方法:回顾分析2013年1月至2016年1月为16例无功能肾患者行后腹腔镜肾切除术的临床资料,观察术前患肾体积、手术时间、手术出血情况、术后并发症情况。结果:16例手术均完成,无一例中转开放手术。患肾直径20~200 mm,平均(102.5±11.3)mm;手术时间105~450 min,平均(208.1±24.1)min;术中出血量40~280 ml,平均(160.0±14.3)ml;术中、术后均未输血;术后发生不全性肠梗阻1例,予以灌肠后恢复;切口拆线后均愈合良好。结论:后腹腔镜无功能肾切除术中对肾动静脉的处理是手术关键。对于积水明显的肾脏可先吸出积水,缩小肾脏体积,沿肾脏边缘分离,这是保证手术安全可靠的方法;后腹腔镜无功能肾切除术后无明显并发症发生,是微创治疗的发展方向,值得进一步推广应用。     

Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic nephrectomy

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic nephrectomy. METHODS: From June 1994 to November 1999, 10 patients underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy at Osaka University Medical Hospital and Osaka Rosai Hospital. Laparoscopic nephrectomy was performed either via transperitoneal or retroperitoneal approach under general anesthesia. These 10 cases were reviewed in respect of primary disease of the kidney, operative time, complications and postoperative convalescence. RESULTS: Of the 10 patients, five were preoperatively diagnosed as having a non-functioning kidney with hydronephrosis, two patients were diagnosed as having an atrophic kidney, two had renal cell carcinoma and one had renal pelvic tumor. The average operative time was 374 min (range 270-675 min). The mean blood loss was 330 mL (range 60-800 mL). One patient required transfusion due to postoperative oozing. The average hospital stay after operation was 7 days. No major postoperative complications were observed. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic nephrectomy is an option in surgically managing renal disorders, including malignancies, although it has a longer operative time compared to conventional open surgery.     

Laparoscopic retroperitoneal renal and adrenal surgery in children

OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively assess the use of a retroperitoneal laparoscopic approach for simple nephrectomy and adrenalectomy in children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All retroperitoneal laparoscopic renal and adrenal procedures carried out in children and completed between 1993 and March 2000 were reviewed retrospectively. Analgesic requirements, hospital stay, complications and blood loss were reviewed. The technique is described in detail. RESULTS: Forty-eight retroperitoneal laparoscopic procedures were completed in 48 patients (mean age 5.5 years, range 0.5-16). The procedures included nephrectomy (22), nephroureterectomy (15), renal biopsy (six), cyst ablation (two) and simple adrenalectomy (three). In all, 11 procedures were undertaken in children aged < 2 years. Forty-one (91%) of the children undergoing renal procedures were discharged in < 24 h. Two patients underwent three adrenalectomies. Two children required conversion to open surgery, one undergoing a right-sided adrenalectomy and one a nephrectomy. The mean operative duration for nephrectomy and nephroureterectomy was 75 min, and for adrenalectomy was 115 min. CONCLUSION: Renal and adrenal surgery in children is a safe and rapid procedure with retroperitoneal laparoscopy. The operative duration for nephrectomy and nephroureterectomy are frequently < 1 h. In addition, laparoscopic surgery offers significant advantages in terms of cosmesis and a quicker recovery.     

Fluoroscopy-assisted retroperitoneal laparoscopic renal surgery in children

PURPOSE: To investigate the use of C-arm fluoroscopy for locating small dysplastic renal lesions during retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy in children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From March 2003 to March 2005, two boys and four girls with a mean age of 5 years underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy under C-arm fluoroscopic guidance. The indications for laparoscopic renal surgery were ectopic ureter with dysplastic kidney (N = 3), hypertensive nephropathy (N = 1), and dysplastic kidney secondary to reflux nephropathy (N = 2). RESULTS: All operations were completed with no necessity for conversion to open surgery. Small dysplastic kidneys were easily located using C-arm fluoroscopy, and retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy was then performed. One patient required open contralateral reimplantation after laparoscopic nephrectomy because of high-grade vesicoureteral reflux. The mean operative time was 139 minutes (range 71-210 minutes). Blood loss was minimal, and no transfusion was required. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications other than a peritoneal injury in one patient, which caused no subsequent major problem. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 3.8 days, and all children returned to normal activity within 3 to 6 days. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report to our knowledge of retroperitoneal laparoscopic renal surgery under C-arm fluoroscopic guidance. This approach allowed quick and easy location of small ectopic kidneys prior to retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy and was found to be very useful for the treatment of small dysplastic renal lesions in children.     

腹膜后腹腔镜肾切除术的临床体会

目的：总结腹膜后腹腔镜肾切除术的手术方法和临床经验。方法：回顾分析腹膜后腹腔镜肾脏切除术治疗各类肾脏疾病患者28例的临床资料,其中肾癌13例,肾盂癌5例,上段输尿管癌3例,肾萎缩6例,肾结核1例。结果：手术均获成功,无手术并发症发生。手术时间80～180min,平均100min;术后8～24h进食,术后住院7～14d。结论：腹膜后腹腔镜肾脏切除手术具有患者损伤小、康复快、住院时间短,对腹腔脏器干扰少等优点,具有良好的临床应用前景。     

Laparoscopic retroperitoneal live donor right nephrectomy for purposes of allotransplantation and autotransplantation

PURPOSE: We report the technique of and initial experience with retroperitoneal laparoscopic live donor right nephrectomy for purposes of renal allotransplantation and autotransplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 5 patients underwent retroperitoneoscopic live donor nephrectomy of the right kidney for autotransplantation in 4 and living related renal donation in 1. Indications for autotransplantation included a large proximal ureteral tumor, a long distal ureteral stricture and 2 cases of the loin pain hematuria syndrome. In all cases a 3-port retroperitoneal laparoscopic approach and a pelvic muscle splitting Gibson incision for kidney extraction were used. In patients undergoing autotransplantation the same incision was used for subsequent transplantation. RESULTS: All procedures were successfully accomplished without technical or surgical complications. Total mean operating time was 5.8 hours and average laparoscopic donor nephrectomy time was 3.1 hours. Mean renal warm ischemia time, including endoscopic cross clamping of the renal artery to ex vivo cold perfusion, was 4 minutes. Average blood loss for the entire procedure was 400 cc. Radionuclide scan on postoperative day 1 confirmed good blood flow and function in all transplanted kidneys. Mean analgesic requirement was 58 mg. fentanyl. Mean hospital stay was 4 days (range 2 to 8), and convalescence was completed in 3 to 4 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: In the occasional patient requiring renal autotransplantation live donor nephrectomy can be performed laparoscopically with renal extraction and subsequent transplantation through a single standard extraperitoneal Gibson incision, thus, minimizing the overall operative morbidity. Furthermore, these data demonstrate that live donor nephrectomy of the right kidney can be performed safely using a retroperitoneal approach with an adequate length of the right renal vein obtained for allotransplantation or autotransplantation.     

后腹腔镜保留肾单位术治疗肾肿瘤

目的:探讨后腹腔镜保留肾单位术治疗肾肿瘤的手术技巧。方法:采用后腹腔镜技术对9例肾错构瘤和2例局限性肾癌患者分别行肿瘤剜除术和肾楔形切除术。肿瘤直径1.5~3.0cm,平均2.5cm。观察手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院天数和围手术期并发症及手术效果。结果:11例手术均获得成功。平均手术时间110min,平均出血量70ml,平均术后住院时间5天。围手术期无并发症。病理检查2例恶性肿瘤切缘阴性,平均随访10个月无局部复发。结论:后腹腔镜保留肾单位术治疗肾肿瘤安全可行,创伤小,恢复快,能有效切除肿瘤和保留肾功能。