黑色素瘤抗原-3原核重组质粒的构建及表达

目的 构建MAGE-3目的 基因原核重组表达质粒pGEX-4T-1-MAGE-3并检测其在大肠杆茵(E.coli)B121(DE3)中的表达.方法 RT-PCR法制备MAGE-3目的 基因,连接入原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1.构建MAGE-3目的 基因的原核重组表达质粒pGEX-4T-1-MAGE-3并测序,将该质粒转化E.coli BL21(DE3)菌株,经IPTG诱导,12%SDS-PAGE和Western Blot表达鉴定.结果 扩增出349bp的MAGE-3 目的 基因并构建了原核重组表达栽体pGEX-4T-1-MAGE-3;测序结果与GenBank收录序列相一致;在E.coli BL21(DE3)中检测到含该重组表达载体的转化菌表达出分子量约35kD的融合蛋白并证实其为目的 蛋白.结论 成功构建的原核重组表达栽体pGEX-4T-1-MAGE-3及其所表达的融合蛋白,为以MAGE-3为基础的肽疫苗及特异诊断试剂的研制提供抗原打下了基础,为后续实验提供了依据.     

重组人PD-L1在大肠杆菌BL-21中的表达、纯化和鉴定

目的 分离纯化人程序死亡蛋白-1(PD-LI)基因,制备重组人PD-L1蛋白,为进一步研究PD-L1在肿瘤免疫逃逸中的作用和机制建立基础.方法 通过RT-PCR分离纯化人PD-L1基因,并将其克隆到原核表达质粒pGEX-4T一1中,经酶切,测序鉴定分析后,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导表达.产物经GST蛋白纯化系统进行纯化后,用10%SDS-PAGE及Western Blot分析鉴定.结果 经RT-PCR分离纯化的PD-L1 cDNA分子由645 bp构成,编码相对分子量约25 KD的蛋白,并与GST形成融合蛋白.GST-PD-L1融合蛋白相对分子量约46 KD.Western Blot结果显示,该蛋白能被兔抗GST和抗PD-L1抗体识别.结论 成功构建了PD-L1原核表达载体,并在大肠杆菌BL21中获得高效表达.     

人胰升血糖素样肽1突变体基因的克隆及在原核细胞的表达

目的 构建人胰升血糖素样肽1(hGLP-1)突变体基因的原核表达载体,并在大肠杆菌BL21中进行表达.方法 用生物合成方法获得hGLP-1突变体基因8Val-hGLP-1,将其克隆于载体pGEX-4T-1中,构建pGEX-4T-1/8Val-hGLP-1融合表达载体,转化大肠杆菌BL21,酶切电泳以及测序鉴定阳性克隆,用SDS-PAGE和蛋白免疫印迹法检测其重组蛋白诱导表达情况.结果 重组质粒pGEX-4T-1/8Val-hGLP-1经双酶切电泳鉴定与测序分析证实构建成功,SDS-PAGE与蛋白免疫印迹分析证实其成功诱导表达重组融合蛋白.结论 成功地克隆了hGLP-1突变体基因8Val-hGLP-1,并在大肠杆菌中进行表达,为下一步获得含突变体基因的重组hGLP-1蛋白及其生物学功能研究奠定良好基础.     

人TIMP-2基因的克隆及其原核表达

目的 构建人TIMP-2重组表达载体,并在大肠杆菌BL21 (DE3)中表达.方法 提取人肝癌细胞(Hep G2)总RNA后,经RT-PCR扩增获得目的片段,插入克隆载体pMD18-T;酶切鉴定和测序后将TIMP-2导入原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1中,构建重组质粒pGEX-TIMP-2.将重组质粒转化至大肠杆菌菌株BL21 (DE3)中,IPTG诱导融合蛋白表达后用SDS-PAGE电泳检测并用western blot验证(蛋白质印迹法).结果 成功构建原核重组表达载体pGEX-TIMP-2,并在原核宿主BL21中大量表达融合蛋白GST-TIMP-2.结论 克隆人TIMP-2基因并在原核生物中大量表达.     

谷胱甘肽-S转移酶-中期因子融合蛋白原核表达及多克隆抗体的制备

目的 构建谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)和中期因子(MK)融合蛋白的原核表达质粒,并表达和纯化蛋白,制备多克隆抗体.方法 通过RT-PCR技术从人胃癌组织中扩增入MK编码序列,克隆入表达载体pGEX-1λT中,获得表达质粒pGEX-MK,并在大肠杆菌BL21 (DE3)中经IPTG诱导表达,通过亲和层析纯化表达的GST-MK融合蛋白,并以重组蛋白免疫兔子.结果 成功构建了GST-MK融合蛋白的原核表达载体,经诱导表达纯化得到GST-MK融合蛋白.免疫兔子后取多抗血清以间接ELISA检测效价达1∶64 000,Western blotting分析显示多克隆抗血清对MK蛋白特异结合.结论 MK在大肠杆菌中成功表达及其多克隆抗体的获得,为研究MK生物功能奠定了基础.     

新基因Betatrophin原核重组蛋白表达及纯化

目的 构建人Betatrophin基因(h-Betatrophin)原核表达载体,诱导Betatrophin重组蛋白表达及纯化,为制备Betatrophin蛋白多克隆抗体及其功能研究打下基础.方法 体外克隆Betatrophin cDNA序列,酶切后连接到PET32 a(+)原核表达载体上,构建重组载体h-Betatrophin-PET 32 a,然后转入大肠杆菌BL 21(DE 3),用异丙基硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导蛋白表达,SDS-PAGE-考马斯亮蓝染色及Western blotting检测蛋白表达情况,然后用Ni-NTA His·Bind(R)Resin纯化目的蛋白.结果 成功构建Betatrophin基因原核表达载体,诱导表达Betatrophin重组蛋白表观分子量正确,经纯化后可以得到纯度较高的Betatrophin重组蛋白.结论 重组载体h-Betatrophin-PET 32 a转入大肠杆菌BL 21后通过诱导及纯化可获取到纯度很高的Betatrophin重组蛋白,为后期研究Betatrophin基因功能奠定基础.     

重组质粒Eg.EF-1/pGEX-6P-1的构建及原核诱导表达

将细粒棘球蚴（Echinococcus granulosus,Eg.）延伸因子（Elongation factor 1,EF-1）与pGEX-6P-1构建成重组质粒并进行表达、纯化及对其特性进行鉴定.将构建好的EF-1/pGEM-T经双酶切后获取目的基因片段,定向重组于表达载体pGEX-6P-1并转化大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）E.coli BL21,IPTG诱导表达,用蛋白亲和层析柱GSTrap FF对表达产物进行纯化,特异性蛋白解离酶PreScission^TM Protease酶切融合蛋白从中获取重组Eg.EF-1;SDS-PAGE和Western blot方法鉴定表达产物.获得的Eg.EF-1/pGEX-6P-1/E.coli BL21菌株,诱导表达融合蛋白和纯化分离得到的31 ku Eg.EF-1均能被细粒棘球蚴天然抗原免疫的兔多克隆抗血清识别.证明成功构建出具有有效表达的Eg.EF-1/pGEX-6P-1菌株,初步证实重组蛋白具有较好的抗原性.     

sCR1在原核中表达、纯化、复性及活性鉴定

目的采用原核表达载体pET28a在E.coli BL21(DE3)中获得高表达、高活性的重组人sCR1融合蛋白。方法从人外周血中提取总RNA,应用RT-PCR获得人sCR1全长cDNA,将其克隆入原核表达载体pET28a中,构建含人sCR1的重组质粒(pET28a-sCR1),经测序鉴定正确,转化入E.coli BL21(DE3)中,经IPTG诱导,表达产物经SDS-PAGE分析和Western blot鉴定,通过Ni2+-NTA agarose亲和层析纯化后进行复性及生物学活性鉴定。结果获得原核表达载体pET28a-sCR1,经PCR鉴定及测序鉴定,得到重组E.coli BL21(DE3)克隆菌株,经IPTG诱导含有pET28a-sCR1的E.coli BL21(DE3)克隆菌,表达出重组人sCR1融合蛋白。此蛋白在SDS-PAGE上表现为Mr大于29000的蛋白区带,在Western blot分析中可被sCR1的CD35单克隆单抗体(mAb)识别。经Ni2+-NTA agarose亲和层析纯化、复性后得到高纯度的sCR1融合蛋白表达及较高的生物学活性。结论人sCR1融合蛋白在E.coli BL21(DE3)表达系统中的高水平表达,并且有与人体天然蛋白相同的抗原性及其生物学活性。     

HCBP12融合蛋白的表达、纯化及多抗制备

目的：构建丙型肝炎病毒核心抗原结合蛋白12（HCVCore binding protein,HCBP12）原核表达载体,在大肠埃希菌中进行表达、纯化HCBP12融合蛋白并制备兔抗HCBP12多克隆抗体。方法：应用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）,以提取的HepG2细胞mRNA为模板,扩增获得HCBP12基因片段,插入至原核表达载体pET-32a（＋）中,构建原核表达载体pET-32a（＋）-HCBP12,转化大肠埃希菌BL21,以异丙基硫代β-D-半乳糖苷（IPTG）诱导,获得HCBP12融合蛋白的可诱导性表达,并通过SDS-PAGE电泳、Western Blot免疫印迹分析和证实融合蛋白表达的特异性。利用Ni＋亲和柱对表达蛋白进行纯化及柱上复性。纯化蛋白免疫新西兰兔,获得抗HCBP12多克隆抗体。以纯化HCBP12为抗原,利用Western blot和ELISA法对多克隆抗体进行特异性和效价检测。结果：HCBP12融合蛋白表达成功。SDS-PAGE分析表明其为包涵体表达。成功获得了融合蛋白纯品及兔抗HCBP12多克隆抗体。ELISA法表明多克隆抗体效价〉1512000,Western blot检测证明多克隆抗体的特异性良好。结论：成功表达、纯化HCBP12融合蛋白,并获得高特异性、高效价兔抗HCBP12多克隆抗体,为研究HCBP12蛋白的生物学功能及丙肝的临床治疗提供了重要的实验工具。     

心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白(H-FABP)原核表达、纯化及多克隆抗体制备研究

目的构建H-FABP高效原核表达载体,并实现H-FABP的高效原核表达、纯化及多克隆抗体的制备。方法通过RT-PCR扩增人H-FABP的基因序列,将目的基因克隆入质粒pET28a构建原核表达重组质粒pET28a-H-FABP。将重组质粒转化入大肠杆菌BL21中,通过IPTG诱导H-FABP的表达,采用Q Sepharose F.F.阴离子层析柱等方法建立H-FABP的纯化工艺。用免疫胶体金法和Western blot鉴定纯化后重组蛋白免疫特异性,用重组表达蛋白制备兔抗H-FABP多克隆抗体。结果成功构建人H-FABP重组蛋白原核表达载体,重组蛋白以包涵体形式表达,其相对分子质量为15kD,与预期一致。亲和层析纯化产物的SDS-PAGE和Western blotting鉴定表明获得纯度>95%的目的重组蛋白。制备的抗H-FABP多克隆抗体的抗血清ELISA效价可达1∶512000。结论本研究在原核系统中成功表达了H-FABP重组蛋白,并制备多克隆抗体,为H-FABP的结构和功能研究及开发临床诊断试剂盒打下了基础。     

融合蛋白——一种新的生物工程技术

标记亲和多肽片段以其优越性在基因工程中占有重要的地位,介绍了构建融合蛋白的策略,优点及其存在的不足。     

Protein secondary structure

A secondary structure prediction technique is proposed which includes nucleation site determination through multiplication of conformational preference parameters as well as weighting factors to represent structurally stabilizing short range interactions. The prediction accuracy of the method is calculated using data bases categorized according to the four protein structural classes and with differing assignments of secondary structural regions. The results indicate that nearest neighbor prediction techniques (a) are insensitive to various assignment criteria for the secondary structural spans, (b) have nearly achieved their upper limit of prediction accuracy, and (c) can be somewhat improved through the use of stereochemical weighting factors and conformational parameters derived from the four structural groups.     

Activity-Based Protein Profiling

The genomic revolution has created a wealth of information regarding the fundamental genetic code that defines the inner workings of a cell. However, it has become clear that analyzing genome sequences alone will not lead to new therapies to fight human disease. Rather, an understanding of protein function within the context of complex cellular networks will be required to facilitate the discovery of novel drug targets and, subsequently, new therapies directed against them. The past ten years has seen a dramatic increase in technologies that allow large-scale, systems-based methods for analysis of global biological processes and disease states. In the field of proteomics, several well-established methods persist as a means to resolve and analyze complex mixtures of proteins derived from cells and tissues. However, the resolving power of these methods is often challenged by the diverse and dynamic nature of the proteome. The field of activity-based proteomics, or chemical proteomics, has been established in an attempt to focus proteomic efforts on subsets of physiologically important protein targets. This new approach to proteomics is centered around the use of small molecules termed activity-based probes (ABPs) as a means to tag, enrich, and isolate, distinct sets of proteins based on their enzymatic activity. Chemical probes can be 'tuned' to react with defined enzymatic targets through the use of chemically reactive warhead groups, fused to selective binding elements that control their overall specificity. As a result, ABPs function as highly specific, mechanism-based reagents that provide a direct readout of enzymatic activity within complex proteomes. Modification of protein targets by an ABP facilitates their purification and isolation, thereby eliminating many of the confounding issues of dynamic range in protein abundance. In this review, we outline recent advances in the field of chemical proteomics. Specifically, we highlight how this technology can be applied to advance the fields of biomarker discovery, in vivo imaging, and small molecule screening and drug target discovery.     

Protein farnesyltransferase inhibitors

Current systemic cytotoxic therapies for cancer are limited by their nonspecific mechanism of action, unwanted toxicities on normal tissues and short-term efficacy due to the emergence of drug resistance. However, identification of the molecular abnormalities in cancer, in particular the key proteins involved in abnormal cell growth, has resulted in various signal transduction inhibitor drugs being developed as new treatment strategies against the disease. Protein farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) were originally designed to target the Ras signal transduction pathway, although it is now clear that several other intracellular proteins are dependent on post-translational farnesylation (addition of a 15-carbon farnesyl moiety) for their function. Preclinical data revealed that although FTIs inhibit the growth of ras-transformed cells, they are also potent inhibitors of a wide range of cancer cell lines, many of which contain wild type ras. While understanding the mechanism of action of FTIs remains an important research goal, three different FTIs have entered clinical development. Several Phase I trials with each drug have explored different schedules for prolonged administration, and dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) have varied from myelosuppression, gastrointestinal toxicity and neuropathy. Evidence for anticancer efficacy has come from a number of Phase II studies, not necessarily in tumour types containing ras mutations, which were the initial target for these drugs. Perhaps the most promising use for FTIs will be in combination with conventional cytotoxic drugs, based on preclinical data suggesting synergy, particularly with the taxanes. Clinical combination studies are in progress, and larger Phase II/III clinical trials are planned to see if FTIs can add to the efficacy of conventional therapies.     

Non-Arrhenius Protein Aggregation

Protein aggregation presents one of the key challenges in the development of protein biotherapeutics. It affects not only product quality but also potentially impacts safety, as protein aggregates have been shown to be linked with cytotoxicity and patient immunogenicity. Therefore, investigations of protein aggregation remain a major focus in pharmaceutical companies and academic institutions. Due to the complexity of the aggregation process and temperature-dependent conformational stability, temperature-induced protein aggregation is often non-Arrhenius over even relatively small temperature windows relevant for product development, and this makes low-temperature extrapolation difficult based simply on accelerated stability studies at high temperatures. This review discusses the non-Arrhenius nature of the temperature dependence of protein aggregation, explores possible causes, and considers inherent hurdles for accurately extrapolating aggregation rates from conventional industrial approaches for selecting accelerated conditions and from conventional or more advanced methods of analyzing the resulting rate data.     

Inhibitors of the FcRn:IgG Protein–Protein Interaction

The neonatal Fc receptor, FcRn, is responsible for controlling the half-life of IgG antibodies. As a result, inhibitors of FcRn have been investigated as a possible way to modulate IgG half-lives. Such inhibitors could have possible applications in reducing autoantibody levels in autoimmune disease states. To date, monoclonal antibodies, engineered Fc domains, and short peptides have been reported to inhibit FcRn function and modulate IgG half-lives in vivo.     

Protein farnesyltransferase inhibitors

Specific mutations in the ras gene impair the guanosine triphophatase (GTPase) activity of Ras proteins, which play a fundamental role in the signaling cascade, leading to uninterrupted growth signals and to the transformation of normal cells into malignant phenotypes. It has been shown that normal cells transfected with mutant ras gene become cancerous and that unfarnesylated, cytosolic mutant Ras protein does not anchor onto cell membranes and cannot induce this transformation. Posttranslational modification and plasma membrane association of mutant Ras is necessary for this transforming activity. Since its identification, the enzyme protein farnesyltransferase (FTase) that catalyzes the first and essential step of the three Ras-processing steps has emerged as the most promising target for therapeutic intervention. FTase has been implicated as a potential target in inhibiting the prenylation of a variety of proteins, thus in controlling varied disease states (e.g. cancer, neurofibromatosis, restenosis, viral hepatitis, bone resorption, parasitic infections, corneal inflammations, and diabetes) associated with prenyl modifications of Ras and other proteins. Furthermore, it has been suggested that FTase inhibitors indirectly help in inhibiting tumors via suppression of angiogenesis and induction of apoptosis. Major milestones have been achieved with small-molecule FTase inhibitors that show efficacy without toxicity in vitro, as well as in mouse models bearing ras-dependent tumors. With the determination of the crystal structure of mammalian FTase, existent leads have been fine-tuned and new potent molecules of diverse structural classes have been designed. A few of these molecules are currently in the clinic, with at least three drug candidates in Phase II studies and one in Phase III. This article will review the progress that has been reported with FTase inhibitors in drug discovery and in the clinic.     

Protein microarray technology

Microarray technology allows the simultaneous analysis of thousands of parameters within a single experiment. Microspots of capture molecules are immobilised in rows and columns onto a solid support and exposed to samples containing the corresponding binding molecules. Readout systems based on fluorescence, chemiluminescence, mass spectrometry, radioactivity or electrochemistry can be used to detect complex formation within each microspot. Such miniaturised and parallelised binding assays can be highly sensitive, and the extraordinary power of the method is exemplified by array-based gene expression analysis. In these systems, arrays containing immobilised DNA probes are exposed to complementary targets and the degree of hybridisation is measured. Recent developments in the field of protein microarrays show applications for enzyme-substrate, DNA-protein and different types of protein-protein interactions. This article discusses theoretical advantages and limitations of any miniaturised capture-molecule-ligand assay system and discusses how the use of protein microarrays will change diagnostic methods and genome and proteome research.     

贻贝粘蛋白创面修复敷料蛋白质含量分析方法的研究

目的建立贻贝粘蛋白创面修复敷料中蛋白质含量的测定方法。方法采用Lowry法测定创面修复敷料中蛋白质的含量。结果蛋白质浓度在9.5-190.0 μg·mL^-1范围内呈线性关系,回归方程为Y=1.39×10^-2 X＋3.9×10^-3,r=0.999。加样回收率为102.8%-103.2%,RSD为0.13%-0.37%。结论 Lowry法测定创面修复敷料中蛋白质含量经方法学验证,可用于创面修复敷料类产品中蛋白质含量的检测和质量控制。