Iatrogenic intravascular pneumocephalus secondary to intravenous catheterization

The presence of pneumocephalus without a history of intracranial or intrathecal procedures is a significant radiographic finding. Although pneumocephalus means a violation of the dural barrier or the presence of infection, intravascular pneumocephalus is different from intraparenchymal pneumocephalus and its benign nature must be known in the presence of intravenous catheterization. Herein, we present a case of iatrogenic intravascular pneumocephalus with CT findings. To our knowledge, there are only a few reported cases of iatrogenic intravascular pneumocephalus in the literature. Careful intravenous catheterization and diagnosis of the condition on imaging helps to prevent unnecessary treatment procedures.     

CT detection of subarachnoid pneumocephalus secondary to mastoid fracture

Penumocephalus may be secondary to trauma, neoplasm, infection, or previous surgery. Trauma is the most common underlying etiology of this entity. The air may be epidural, subdural, subarachnoid, intracerebral, or intraventricular. Fractures of the mastoid are the least common source of traumatic penumocephalus and may not be visible on routine radiography of the skull. CT in the axial and coronal planes is an ideal diagnostic tool for demonstration of the penumocephalus as well as the underlying mastoid fracture.     

Tension pneumocephalus and pneumorachis secondary to subarachnoid pleural fistula

A case of tension pneumocephalus and pneumorachis secondary to a subarachnoid pleural fistula after thoracic spinal surgery is described. This rare complication was diagnosed on CT. The imaging findings, significance and management of this unusual condition are discussed.     

Disseminated migratory osteoporosis: an unusual pattern of osteoporosis

Regional migratory osteoporosis (RMO) is a well-defined clinical entity, consisting of migratory osteoporosis involving the lower extremities with associated radiographic changes. Idiopathic osteoporosis (IO) is considered to be a separate and distinct entity, occurring in young adults and consisting of axial osteoporosis and back pain. We describe a patient who had hybrid characteristics, both clinically and radiographically, and include iliac-crest biopsy histologic correlation. We believe that this pattern of osteoporosis in many ways resembles RMO, but with severe axial involvement; hence the term disseminated migratory osteoporosis.     

Mediastinal emphysema due to an isolated facial trauma: a case report

A case of mediastinal emphysema due to an isolated facial trauma, which contributed to the death of an adult male, is reported in this article. A thorough search in the literature reveals only 19 cases of mediastinal emphysema occurring secondary to facial injury, none of which was fatal.     

Intraspinal air: an unusual manifestation of blunt chest trauma

A case of intraspinal air following traumatic bronchial laceration is demonstrated by computed tomography.     

Renal laceration secondary to blunt trauma in soccer

A case of a blunt abdominal trauma in soccer causing laceration of the left kidney is presented. A 22-year-old male soccer player was hit in the left loin by the opponent goalkeeper's knee. Within a few hours the injured player developed signs of greater intraabdominal hemorrhage. Laparotomy revealed laceration of the left kidney and nephrectomy was performed. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient is still playing soccer 5 years after the injury. Blunt abdominal trauma leading to intraabdominal lesions is very rare even in contact sports. Laceration of a kidney due to a blunt trauma in soccer has not earlier been reported. It is emphasized that a blunt abdominal trauma in sports might cause a severe intra-abdominal lesion.     

Uterine rupture secondary to trauma: CT findings

We describe a case of a ruptured gravid uterus, secondary to motor vehicle accident, in a 20-year-old woman. Maternal and fetal injuries associated with blunt trauma are described along with the use of CT in pregnant patients.     

High-resolution CT scanning of facial trauma

Computed tomographic (CT) scanning offers a simple, fast, and accurate study of complex maxillofacial trauma especially in the patient with multiple injuries. At the time of CT brain scanning, the facial bones can be scanned with only minimal extra time. High-resolution scanning provides excellent bony detail equal to or better than complex-motion tomography with the advantage of better contrast resolution as well. Application of craniofacial surgical techniques is facilitated by the accurate display of the nature and extent of fracturing. Surgical findings of extent of fracturing correlate better with high-resolution scanning than with plain films and conventional tomography.     

Radiologic studies of facial trauma associated with a regional trauma centre

The study of severe facial trauma has been altered by the development of computed tomography (CT). As a regional trauma unit we have gained increasing experience with complex fractures of the face. In those patients most severely injured, high resolution CT has become the imaging modality relied upon to offer the safest and most accurate information. Conventional films still have a role, especially in the less severely traumatized patient. We describe our methods and observations, based upon experience at a trauma unit, in the radiologic investigation of facial injuries.     

A moving human body causes fatal blunt trauma: an unusual traffic accident

International Journal of Legal Medicine - In urban traffic accidents, mainly pedestrians and cyclists are at risk of being injured and killed. Lethal injuries are usually caused by the immediate...