虎金颗粒剂提取工艺的研究

【目的】探讨虎金颗粒剂的最佳提取工艺路线。【方法】采用正交设计,以总大黄素、总蒽醌含量为醇提工艺指标,考察乙醇浓度、溶媒用量、提取时间等因素的最佳工艺务件;以总多糖含量为水提工艺指标,考察浸泡时间、水的用量、提取时间等因素的最佳工艺条件。【结果】醇提最佳工艺为：245mL体积分数为70％乙醇提取2h,共2次;水提最佳工艺为：80mL水,不用浸泡,提取1．5h,共3次。【结论】该提取工艺合理的,可行,为选择虎金颗粒剂的提取条件提供了实验依据。     

正交试验法优选化橘红中肌醇提取工艺

【目的】优选化橘红中肌醇最佳提取工艺。【方法】以乙醇浓度、料液比和提取温度为考察因素,采用高效液相—蒸发光散射检测器(HPLC-ELSD)色谱法测定化橘红中肌醇含量,采用正交试验法优选化橘红中肌醇最优提取工艺。【结果】化橘红中肌醇最佳提取工艺为体积分数70%乙醇、料液比1∶20、提取温度100℃、每次时间45 min、提取2次。【结论】本研究优选得到的提取工艺稳定、提取率高,可用于化橘红中肌醇的提取。     

正交试验法优选吴茱萸中吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱的闪式提取工艺

【目的】优选吴茱萸药材最佳闪式提取工艺。【方法】采用闪式提取技术,以吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱的得率为指标,采用高效液相色谱法测定。选择乙醇浓度、提取时间和提取电压为考察因素,选用L9(34)正交试验法优选吴茱萸药材最佳闪式提取工艺。【结果】吴茱萸药材的最佳闪提工艺条件为提取电压40 V,提取时间3 min,乙醇浓度体积分数75%和料液比1∶20。【结论】闪式提取吴茱萸药材效率高、时间短,可成为提取吴茱萸碱和吴茱萸次碱的方法。     

鸡蛋花总环烯醚萜的含量测定及提取工艺

【目的】建立鸡蛋花环烯醚萜含量测定方法,优选其提取工艺。【方法】采用紫外分光光度法,以梓醇为对照品,经2,4-二硝基苯肼显色后,在463 nm处测定其含量,并利用单因素结合正交设计优选最佳的提取工艺。【结果】该显色方法稳定,梓醇浓度在0.0220~0.0882 mg/m L范围内线性关系良好,回归方程为Y=10.18 X-0.020,R2=0.999,平均回收率为99.72%,相对标准偏差sR=2.9%(N=6)。优化的工艺条件是乙醇浓度60%(体积分数),液料比25∶1,超声提取60 min。【结论】该方法准确,简单,稳定性良好,工艺稳定可行,可为鸡蛋花生产工艺及质量控制提供参考。     

正交设计优选酶法提取甘草多糖的工艺研究

【目的】研究酶法提取甘草多糖的最佳工艺。【方法】运用正交设计法设计酶法提取工艺,采用分光光度法测定多糖含量。【结果】酶法提取甘草多糖的最佳工艺是温度40℃、pH值5.0、加酶量5 g.kg-1、提取时间5 h。【结论】酶法提取甘草多糖速度快,提取率高。     

不同提取工艺芹菜籽油得率及芹菜甲素和总酞内酯含量的研究

【目的】以不同提取工艺下芹菜籽油的得油率及芹菜甲素、总酞内酯的含量评价各提取工艺。【方法】采用有机溶剂提取法、索氏提取法、水蒸气蒸馏法3大常规方法及亚临界和超临界提取法提取芹菜籽油。并分别采用高效液相色谱法及紫外可见分光光度法考察芹菜籽油中芹菜甲素及总酞内酯的含量。【结果】不同提取工艺下芹菜籽油得油率、芹菜甲素与总酞内酯的含量差别较大,范围分别为0.30%~20.02%、1.40%~10.13%、4.74%~17.65%。【结论】提取芹菜甲素以R134a与丁烷为溶剂的亚临界提取工艺为佳,芹菜甲素转移率相当;提取总酞内酯则以二甲醚为溶剂的亚临界提取法为优。     

四君子汤中总多糖、总黄酮和总皂苷提取工艺优化

目的建立四君子汤中总多糖、总黄酮和总皂苷的含量测定方法,并优选其最佳提取工艺。方法以D-葡萄糖为对照品,采用苯酚-浓硫酸比色法测定四君子汤中总多糖的含量;以芦丁为对照品,采用亚硝酸钠-硝酸铝-氢氧化钠比色法测定四君子汤中总黄酮的含量;以甘草酸为对照品,采用1%香草醛乙酸-高氯酸比色法测定四君子汤中总皂苷的含量。分别以总多糖、总黄酮和总皂苷含量为指标,采用单因素实验及正交试验法优选四君子汤中总多糖、总黄酮及总皂苷的最佳提取工艺。结果总多糖的最佳提取工艺是加8倍量水,煎煮3次,每次60 min,测得总多糖含量为118.79 mg·g-1;总黄酮的最佳提取工艺是加水量为10倍,煎煮时间为60 min,煎煮次数为1次,测得总黄酮含量为18.04 mg·g-1;总皂苷的最佳提取工艺是加水量为12倍,煎煮时间为45 min,煎煮次数为4次,测得总皂苷含量为11.02 mg·g-1。结论采用紫外分光光度法测定四君子汤中总多糖、总黄酮和总皂苷的含量,简便易行、准确可靠。优选出的最佳提取工艺稳定可行,为四君子汤的质量评价提供科学依据。     

当归微波炮制工艺的研究

【目的】研究酒制当归的微波炮制工艺。【方法】采用正交试验法,以阿魏酸及总挥发油的含量为评价指标,确定最佳的微波炮制工艺。【结果】酒制当归最佳炮制工艺为:每100 kg药材黄酒的用量为20 kg,闷润60 min,微波强度(中火)60%,微波时间为2 min。【结论】该方法简单、可行且易于控制,可作为当归炮制的新方法。     

正交试验法优选金芍胶囊的醇提工艺

【目的】对金芍胶囊的醇提工艺进行优选。【方法】以盐酸小檗碱的含量和得膏率为考查指标,采用正交试验法对提取工艺进行优选。【结果】与乙醇用量、提取次数相比,乙醇浓度对盐酸小檗碱的提取影响较大,优选出的最佳提取工艺为:采用为药材8、6倍量的体积分数70%乙醇分别回流提取2次,每次1 h。【结论】该工艺盐酸小檗碱提取率较高,有较好的稳定性,且工艺简便经济,适合于生产。     

瘤果黑种草子总皂苷提取工艺研究

目的 研究瘤果黑种草子总皂苷的含量测定方法及提取工艺.方法 采用比色法测定瘤果黑种草子总皂苷,并采用正交设计优选其提取工艺.结果 对照品浓度在49.78～132.75 μg/mL 范围内线性关系良好(r=0.997 1),平均回收率为102.80%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.69%(n=6);瘤果黑种草子总皂苷的最佳提取工艺为8倍量的30%乙醇在70 ℃水浴中提取3次,1 h/次.结论 比色法用于测定瘤果黑种草子总皂苷含量简单可行、重复性好,提取工艺稳定可行.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.