大黄(庶虫)虫丸对大鼠实验性血栓及体外血小板聚集性的影响

大黄(庶虫)虫丸酒精提取液能抑制ADP诱导大鼠血小板的聚集,其作用与剂量呈依赖关系;并能使聚集后的血小板逐渐解聚,有效解聚率与药物剂量呈正相关。大黄(庶虫)虫丸酒精提取液还能抑制大鼠实验性血栓的形成,血栓重量较对照组显著减轻。     

大黄(庶虫)虫丸对大鼠血小板聚集及血小板内环核苷酸含量的影响

大黄(庶虫)虫丸出自汉·张仲景《金匮要略》,近年来临床应用日益广泛。在治疗脑血栓、高脂血症、重症肝炎等收到较好疗:效。实验研究表明,大黄(庶虫)虫丸醇提取液具有抑制大鼠实验性血栓形成及血小板聚集作用。实验主要观察了大黄(庶虫)虫丸对血瘀模型大鼠体内血小板的聚集的影响以及洗涤血小板内环核苷酸含量的变     

大黄(庶虫)虫丸抗血小板活化的机制研究

目的:探讨大黄(庶虫)虫丸抗血小板活化的作用.方法:用大黄(庶虫)虫丸含药血浆孵育血小板,然后用ADP诱导活化,血小板膜糖蛋白GPⅡ/b/Ⅲa复合物纤维蛋白原受体(PAC-1)单克隆抗体标记,流式细胞术分析血小板的活化.同时,冠心病及脑梗死患者服用大黄(庶虫)虫丸,治疗1疗程(30d)后,取患者血小板,采用流式细胞术分析患者血小板的活化.结果:大黄(庶虫)虫丸药物体外血浆组血小板活化率为20.82%,阿司匹林组血小板活化率为51.71%,大黄(庶虫)虫丸组血小板活化明显低于阿司匹林组(P<0.01).在临床治疗冠心病试验中,服用大黄(庶虫)虫丸患者血小板活化率为14.78%,明显低于服用阿司匹林患者血小板活化率67.74%(P<0.01);对于脑梗塞患者,服用大黄(庶虫)虫丸患者血小板活化率为5.65%,低于阿司匹林患者组77.91%(P<0.01).结论:大黄(庶虫)虫丸能较好的抑制血小板活化,可能是理想的抗动脉血栓形成药物.     

大黄(庶虫)虫丸对实验性子宫内膜异位症大鼠免疫功能的影响

目的:观察大黄(庶虫)虫丸对EMT大鼠免疫功能的影响.方法:采用大鼠子宫内膜异位症(EMT)动物模型,造模成功后按照异位内膜体积将大鼠随机分为大黄(庶虫)虫丸中高剂量组、大黄(庶虫)虫丸中低剂量组、西药组、模型组,并以假手术组为对照,灌胃治疗4周后检测指标.结果:①大黄(庶虫)虫丸中高剂量组、大黄(庶虫)虫丸中低剂量组、西药组对异位子宫内膜有明显抑制作用,与治疗前异位内膜体积(V1)相比,异位内膜体积(V2)明显缩小(P<0.01);②大黄(庶虫)虫丸中高剂量组能明显提高EMT大鼠胸腺、脾脏重量指数(P<0.01),降低血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平(P<0.01);③病理组织学分析显示:大黄(庶虫)虫丸中高剂量组能明显增加胸腺皮质厚度、脾小节大小及淋巴细胞数,明显降低异位内膜腺体体密度、提高腺腔值、降低淋巴结生发中心体密度(P<0.01).结论:大黄(庶虫)虫丸治疗子宫内膜异位症的部分机制可能改善子宫内膜异位症大鼠免疫功能有关.     

大黄、虫对药对雌孕激素负荷大鼠子宫肌瘤模型孕激素及其受体的影响

目的 研究大黄、(庶虫)虫对大鼠子宫肌瘤模型孕激素及其受体的影响.方法 将70只SD大鼠随机分为7组:正常对照组、模型组、大黄(庶虫)虫小剂量组、大黄(庶虫)虫中剂量组、大黄(庶虫)虫大剂量组、大黄(庶虫)虫丸组、桂枝茯苓胶囊组,采用雌孕激素负荷法建立大鼠子宫肌瘤模型,放射免疫法测定大鼠血清孕激素(P)水平,免疫组织化学染色观察大鼠子宫平滑肌细胞孕激素受体(PR)的表达.结果 模型大鼠血清中P水平,子宫平滑肌细胞PR的表达明显高于正常大鼠,大黄(庶虫)虫可降低血清中P水平,抑制平滑肌细胞PR的表达.结论 P及PR在子宫肌瘤生长中起重要作用,这可能是大黄(庶虫)虫治疗子宫肌瘤的机理之一.     

大黄(庶虫)虫丸对大鼠两种肝纤维化模型的影响

目的:观察大黄(庶虫)虫丸抗肝纤维化作用.方法:采用四氯化碳(CCl4)和免疫损伤(BSA)模型,观察大黄(庶虫)虫丸对大鼠肝功能及肝组织病理学影响.结果:大黄(庶虫)虫丸组肝功能明显改善,肝纤维化程度明显低于模型组(P＜0.05).结论:提示大黄(庶虫)虫丸有抗肝纤维化的作用.     

加味大黄(庶虫)虫胶囊对ADP诱导大鼠血小板聚集的影响

大黄(庶虫)丸是张仲景《金匮要略》治疗虚劳瘀血证的名方，I临床广泛应用于各种血瘀证，近年来有报道治疗高脂血症、重症肝炎、脑血栓等。我们将其加味用于治疗脑动脉硬化症及缺血性中风受到很好疗效。为了阐明其作用机理，进行了加味大黄廑虫胶囊对ADP诱导大鼠血小板聚集影响的实验研究。……     

大黄(庶虫)虫丸对肺纤维化模型形成阶段肺组织TNF-α表达的影响

目的 探讨大黄(庶虫)虫丸防治肺纤维化作用及机理.方法 用平阳霉素诱导大鼠肺纤维化模型后,第14天开始用药组每天灌胃大黄(庶虫)虫丸,第28天后处死各组大鼠,观察、比较各组大鼠肺部病理组织学改变及肺组织中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)表达.结果 模型组大鼠肺纤维化程度、肺组织中TNF-α表达均明显高于正常对照组及用药组(P<0.05).结论 大黄(庶虫)虫丸能明显减轻平阳霉素所致的大鼠肺纤维化程度,并能抑制肺组织中TNF-α过度表达.     

大黄(庶虫)虫丸对大鼠肝星状细胞活化及增殖的影响

目的观察大黄(庶虫)虫丸对大鼠肝星状细胞活化及增殖的影响。方法用链酶蛋白酶和胶原酶原位灌注消化正常大鼠肝脏,Nycodenz 密度梯度离心分离肝星状细胞(HSC),在制备大黄(庶虫)虫丸大鼠药物血清的基础上,温育 HSC。采用 MTT 比色法测定细胞增殖,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡及增殖周期情况。结果药物血清对体外培养的 HSC 有抑制作用,且存在浓度剂量依赖关系,但作用较弱,需在20%以上方见到差异有显著性(P<0.05),对 HSC 凋亡及细胞增殖周期则未见明显影响(p>0.05)。结论大黄座虫丸对 HSC 增殖有一定抑制作用,但可能不是其抗肝纤维化作用的主要途径,其抗肝纤维化作用与诱导细胞凋亡无关。     

大黄(庶虫)虫丸对实验性肝损伤的保护作用

用四氯化碳、乙醇综合法造成大白鼠慢性肝损伤,分组观察大黄(庶虫)虫丸的影响。结果给药组 LDH_5和 SGPT 降低,血清蛋白回升,γ-球蛋白下降,肝胶原明显减少,病理改变减轻,提示大黄(庶虫)虫丸对慢性肝损伤有保护作用。用四氯化碳造成急性肝损伤,分组观察,结果表明大黄(庶虫)虫丸对急性肝损伤无明显保护作用。     

Effect of alcohol extract of Achyranthes aspera Linn. on acute and subacute inflammation

The antiinflammatory activity of an alcohol extract of Achyranthes aspera was tested on carrageenin-induced hind paw oedema and cotton pellet granuloma models in albino male rats. The paw volume was measured plethysmometrically at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 h. In the subacute model cotton pellet granuloma was produced by implantation of 50 +/- 1 mg sterile cotton in the axilla under ether anaesthesia. The animals were fed with an alcohol extract at various dose levels (125, 250, 375 and 500 mg/kg). Diclofenac sodium was used as a standard drug. The alcohol extract (375 and 500 mg/kg) showed the maximum inhibition of oedema of 65.38% and 72.37% at the end of 3 h with carrageenin-induced rat paw oedema, respectively. Using a chronic test, the extract exhibited a 40.03% and 45.32% reduction in granuloma weight.     

Further studies on the antihepatotoxic activity of Phyllanthus maderaspatensis Linn

Phyllanthus maderaspatensis (whole plant extracts) was evaluated for its antihepatotoxic and choleretic activities in rats. The plant extracts (200 mg/kg, n-hexane, ethyl alcohol or water) showed a remarkable hepatoprotective activity against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity as judged from the serum marker enzymes. The water and ethyl alcohol extracts showed moderate activity compared to the n-hexane extract, which showed activity at a dose as low as 1.5 mg/kg. The antihepatotoxicity of the hexane extract was found to be better than silymarin, a standard hepatoprotective herbal drug. The effect of n-hexane extract was found to be concentration-dependent. This extract also exhibited choleretic activity in normal rats, and in vitro hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation.     

Toxicological evaluation of Nerium oleander on isolated preparations

In vitro toxicological evaluation of Nerium oleander was carried out using different isolated preparations. The methanolic leaf extract potentiated both spontaneous and electrically evoked contractions of vas deferens of rats and guinea-pig ileum in a concentration dependent manner. The effect was not antagonized by the adrenergic blocker, tolazoline. The extract inhibited electrically stimulated neurogenic twitch responses of rat phrenic nerve diaphragm preparation. The dose dependent inhibition of twitch response in this preparation could not be reversed by the anticholinesterase drug, neostigmine. The extract evoked a persistent depolarizing effect on the phrenic nerve diaphragm preparation. The extract exhibited its most potent action on the isolated right atrial preparation of rat. It inhibited the rate of spontaneously beating atria in a concentration dependent manner. The negative chronotropic effect was not antagonized either by antimuscarinic drug or adrenergic agonist.     

Antithrombotic activity of methanolic extract of Umbilicaria esculenta

Antithrombotic activity of methanolic extract of an edible lichen, Umbilicaria esculenta, was evaluated on platelet aggregation in vitro and pulmonary thrombosis in vivo. The extract showed concentration dependent inhibitory effects on platelet aggregation induced by ADP, with IC(50) value of 2.4 mg/mL. Orally administered extract protected mice against thrombotic death or paralysis induced by collagen and epinephrine in a dose dependent manner. It produced a significant inhibition of thrombotic death or paralysis at over 100 mg/kg body weight, while aspirin produced a significant inhibition of thrombosis at 10-20 mg/kg body weight. Mouse tail bleeding time was significantly prolonged by addition of the extract. On the other hand, the extract did not show any fibrinolytic activity and alter coagulation parameters such as activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT) and thrombin time (TT) in rat platelet. These results suggested that the antithrombotic activity of Umbilicaria esculenta extract might be due to antiplatelet activity rather than anticoagulation activity.     

茵陈蒿汤水提物和醇提物活性组分的差异及对D-GalN诱导大鼠急性肝损伤预防作用的比较

目的:比较茵陈蒿汤水提物和醇提物对大鼠肝损伤的疗效,并初步探讨二者疗效差异的原因.方法:用TLC初步比较茵陈蒿汤水提物和醇提物的成分差异,HPLC测定茵陈蒿汤水提物和醇提物中栀子苷和大黄素的含量,并以D-氨基半乳糖(D-GalN)复制大鼠肝损伤模型,随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组、乙醇提取物高剂量预防组、乙醇提取物低剂量预防组、水提物高、低剂量组.水提物和醇提物的高、低剂量分别以预防性ig高剂量1.67 g'kg-1、低剂量0.84 g·kg-1给药7d,对照组正常饮食.8d后观察提取物对大鼠血清肝损伤指标的影响,对肝组织进行常规HE染色.结果:茵陈蒿汤水提物和醇提物的成分存在差别,但二者均具有肝损伤的保护作用,其中水提物能明显降低模型大鼠血清天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆红素(T-Bil)含量(P ＜0.05,P＜0.01),改善了肝脏的炎症病理状态.醇提物对血清AST,ALT,ALP等部分指标有所改善(P ＜0.05,P ＜0.01).但水提取物中栀子苷和大黄素的含量均低于醇提取物.结论:以药效为指标,茵陈蒿汤对D-氨基半乳糖所致大鼠肝损伤的保护作用,以水提取工艺为佳.     

马鬃蛇醇提物对大鼠血清性激素水平的影响

目的：研究马鬃蛇醇提物对大鼠血清性激素水平的影响。方法：用放射免疫法测定大鼠血清中睾酮、雌二醇及FSH含量。结果：马鬃蛇醇提物可提高正常雄性大鼠血清睾酮（T）水平，对环磷酰胺所致雄性大鼠生殖统损伤引起的睾酮水平下降也有提高趋势；对环磷酰胺所致雌性大鼠系统损上起的雌二醇水平下降有明显的提高作用，对正常雌性大鼠血清雌二醇（E2）有一定的升高趋势；对FSH有一定的降低作用，结论：马鬃蛇醇提物可提高大鼠血清T、E2水平，有降低FSH水平趋势，提示有性激素样作用。     

聪灵胶囊对大鼠血液流变学及血栓形成的影响

目的观察聪灵胶囊对实验动物的血液流变学、体外血栓形成的影响,以了解其活血化淤作用。方法取大鼠分组并灌胃给药大、中、小剂量7 d后,对大鼠进行血液流变学检测,体外血栓的测定。结果聪灵胶囊有良好的改善血液流变学作用,同对照组相比有显著性差异,能明显降低血浆黏度、全血黏度,降低血沉及红细胞压积;血栓湿重较空白对照组明显降低。结论聪灵胶囊具有改善血液流变学特性,抑制血栓形成的作用。     

外伤复明胶囊对血小板粘附功能和血栓形成影响的实验研究

目的；观察外伤复明胶囊对实验动物血栓形成及血小板粘附功能的影响，方法：分别进行小鼠抗体内血栓形成实验，家兔抗休外血栓形成实验和大鼠抗血小板粘附实验，结果：外伤复明胶囊对小鼠体内血栓形成致死抑制率为３０％～４０％，抗家兔体外血栓形成作用优于丹参对照组，抗大鼠血小板粘附作用低于丹参对照组，结论：外伤复明胶囊有抑制实验动物血栓形成和抗血小板粘附作用。     

天麻熄风口服液对大鼠右颈总动脉-左颈外静脉旁路血栓形成的影响

目的观察天麻熄风口服液对大鼠右颈总动脉-左颈外静脉旁路血栓形成的影响。方法取SD大鼠50只,随机分为5组,即空白对照组,天麻熄风低、中、高剂量组(生药含量分别为4、8、16 g/kg)及乙酰水杨酸组(生药含量为5 mg/kg),每组各10只。天麻熄风口服液低、中、高剂量组及乙酰水杨酸组分别按相应药量,容量按1 mL/100 g体质量灌胃给药,空白对照组予等容积蒸馏水灌胃,每日1次,连续7 d。末次给药前禁食12 h,给药后30 min,麻醉各组大鼠,分离右颈总动脉和左颈外静脉,从舌静脉注入肝素氯化钠溶液50 U/kg,观察各组大鼠右颈总动脉-左颈外静脉旁路血栓质量。另取50只大鼠,分组及给药方法、剂量同上,通过刺激电极损伤动脉内皮细胞,记录血栓形成时间。结果天麻熄风低、中、高剂量组及乙酰水杨酸组大鼠血栓质量均较空白对照组轻(P<0.01),血栓形成时间均较空白对照组大鼠延长(P<0.01),且天麻熄风高剂量组、乙酰水杨酸组大鼠血栓形成时间均较天麻熄风低、中剂量组延长(P<0.05)。结论天麻熄风口服液对右颈总动脉-左颈外静脉旁路血栓形成有显著的抑制作用。     

祁州漏芦乙醇提取物抗炎作用的实验研究

漏芦乙醇提取物20～40g/kg(生药量)能降低小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性;抑制巴豆油性耳肿胀;对角叉菜胶引起的大鼠足跖浮肿有促进消退的作用;并能显著抑制大鼠炎性肉芽肿的形成。