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1.
Toy EP Bonafé N Savlu A Zeiss C Zheng W Flick M Chambers SK 《Clinical & experimental metastasis》2005,22(1):1-9
Although proto-oncogene expression has been shown to correlate with clinical outcome in breast carcinoma, an experimental model has not been proposed to study this phenomenon in vivo. In addition, the ability to modulate this proto-oncogene in vivo to correlate with phenotypic behavior has not been determined. Utilizing an intraperitoneal model for metastatic spread with BT20 human breast carcinoma cells, clonally expanded cells expressing five fold higher c-fms protein were compared with parent BT20 cells as well as an underexpressing clone using intrasplenic injection following left flank cut-down in female nude and Severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Athymic BALB/c nude and SCID animals were observed for clinical evidence of tumorigenicity with necropsy performed at either 50 or 80 days unless compromised earlier. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) of the harvested tumors was performed to correlate c-fms expression from its original in vitro culture to the in vivo model. At day 50, differences in primary tumor take and spread to the pelvis were already evident favoring the c-fms over-expression group with IHC of these tumors revealing significantly higher intensity of staining for c-fms, (mean H score of 205 vs. 43 in the over-expression and parent groups, respectively). At day 80, tumor take and spread was comparable; however, tumor size in the over-expression group was significantly larger than the parent and under-expressing group in both the BALB/c and SCID experiments. Modulation of c-fms proto-oncogene expression was also achieved using the anti-glucocorticoid, RU-486, via oral administration to SCID mice with subsequent correlation to IHC staining. This model thus provides tumors of significant size and organ diversity which retain their phenotype early in tumorigenesis allowing an early endpoint to assess efficacy of novel treatments.Presented in part at the New England Association of Gynecologic Oncologists Meeting, Lenox, MA on June 9, 2000 and the Society for Gynecologic Investigation, Washington, DC on March 29, 2003. 相似文献
2.
Inflammation of the central nervous system is an important but poorly understood part of neurological disease. After acute
brain injury or infection there is a complex inflammatory response that involves activation of microglia and astrocytes and
increased production of cytokines, chemokines, acute phase proteins, and complement factors. Antibodies and T lymphocytes
may be involved in the response as well. In neurodegenerative disease, where injury is more subtle but consistent, the inflammatory
response is continuous. The purpose of this prolonged response is unclear, but it is likely that some of its components are
beneficial and others are harmful. Animal models of neurological disease can be used to dissect the specific role of individual
mediators of the inflammatory response and assess their potential benefit. To illustrate this approach, we discuss how mutant
mice expressing different levels of the cytokine transforming growth factor β-1 (TGF-β1), a major modulator of inflammation,
produce important neuroinflammatory phenotypes. We then demonstrate how crosses of TGF-β1 mutant mice with mouse models of
Alzheimer's disease (AD) produced important new information on the role of inflammation in AD and on the expression of different
neuropathological phenotypes that characterize this disease. 相似文献
3.
Edílson Damke Joyce K Tsuzuki Diógenes AG Cortez Izabel CP Ferreira Thâmara A Bertoni Márcia R Batista Lucélia Donati Terezinha IE Svidzinski Márcia EL Consolaro 《BMC complementary and alternative medicine》2011,11(1):35
Background
Study of in vivo antifungal activity of the hydroalcoholic extract (HE) and n-BuOH extract (BUTE) of Sapindus saponaria against azole-susceptible and -resistant human vaginal Candida spp. 相似文献4.
Annette?L?Rothermel Yinong?Wang Jeffrey?Schechner Barry?Mook-Kanamori William?C?Aird Jordan?S?Pober George?Tellides David?R?Johnson
Background
Immune recognition of vascular endothelial cells (EC) has been implicated in allograft rejection,protection against pathogens,and lymphocyte recruitment. However,EC pervade nearly all tissues and predominate in none,complicating any direct test of immune recognition. Here,we examined antigen presentation by EC in vivo by testing immune responses against E. coli β-galactosidase (β-gal) in two lines of transgenic mice that express β-gal exclusively in their EC. TIE2-lacZ mice express β-gal in all EC and VWF-lacZ mice express β-gal in heart and brain microvascular EC. 相似文献5.
Galba truncatula snails were experimentally infected with either of two different isolates of Fasciola gigantica, originating from Egypt or China, to determine the influence of these isolates on the characteristics of snail infections. The survival rates of G. truncatula on day 30 post-exposure were 90.0% and 60.2% in the Egyptian and Chinese groups, respectively. The frequency of cercaria-shedding snails within the Egyptian group was 79.8%, whereas in the Chinese group it was 22.4%. The parasite origin had a significant effect on the durations of the prepatent and patent periods. The mean number of cercariae shed from the Egyptian group was significantly greater than that shed from the Chinese group (a mean of 275.5 per cercaria-shedding snail compared with 29.0). These results could be explained by the fact that G. truncatula might be a natural intermediate host for F. gigantica in Egypt, and the greater adaptability of the Egyptian miracidia of F. gigantica to unusual snail hosts. These results demonstrate the influence of the geographic origin of the parasite on the success of trematodes infecting snails. 相似文献
6.
Karina?M.?Rebello Luzia?M.?C.?C?rtes Bernardo?A.?S.?Pereira Bernardo?M.?O.?Pascarelli Suzana?C?rte-Real Léa?C.?Finkelstein Rosa?T.?Pinho Claudia?M.?d’Avila-Levy Carlos?R.?Alves 《Parasitology research》2009,106(1):95-104
Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis is the major causative agent of American tegumentary leishmaniasis, a disease that has a wide geographical distribution and
is a severe public health problem. The cysteine proteinase B (CPB) from Leishmania spp. represents an important virulence factor. In this study, we characterized and localized cysteine proteinases in L. (V.) braziliensis promastigotes. By a combination of triton X-114 extraction, concanavalin A-affinity, and ion exchange chromatographies, we
obtained an enriched fraction of hydrophobic proteins rich in mannose residues. This fraction contained two proteinases of
63 and 43 kDa, which were recognized by a CPB antiserum, and were partially sensitive to E-64 in enzymatic assays with the
peptide Glu-Phe-Leu. In confocal microscopy, the CPB homologues localized in the peripheral region of the parasite. This data
together with direct agglutination and flow cytometry assays suggest a surface localization of the CPB homologues. The incubation
of intact promastigotes with phospholipase C reduced the number of CPB-positive cells, while anti-cross-reacting determinant
and anti-CPB antisera recognized two polypeptides (63 and 43 kDa) derived from phospholipase C treatment, suggesting that
some CPB isoforms may be glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored. Collectively, our results suggest the presence of CPB homologues
in L. braziliensis surface and highlight the need for further studies on L. braziliensis cysteine proteinases, which require enrichment methods for enzymatic detection. 相似文献
7.
Paolino D Muzzalupo R Ricciardi A Celia C Picci N Fresta M 《Biomedical microdevices》2007,9(4):421-433
A novel niosome formulation is proposed for topical drug delivery of ammonium glycyrrhizinate, a natural compound with an
efficacious anti-inflammatory activity. Niosomes were made up of a new non ionic surfactant, α,ω-hexadecyl-bis-(1-aza-18-crown-6)
(Bola-surfactant)-Span 80-cholesterol (2:3:1 molar ratio). Niosome vesicles were prepared with the thin layer evaporation
method and were physico-chemically characterized. The tolerability of Bola-surfactant both as free molecules or assembled
ion niosome vesicles was evaluated in vitro on cultured of human keratinocyte cells (NCTC2544). Human tolerability was evaluated on volunteers. The ability of Bola-niosomes
to promote intracellular delivery was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) studies. Human stratum corneum
and epidermis (SCE) membranes were used in vitro to investigate the percutaneous permeation. The anti-inflammatory activity of ammonium glycyrrhizinate was evaluated in vivo on human volunteers with a chemically induced erythema. Experimental data show that Bola-niosomes are characterized by a
mean size of ∼400 nm and are able to provide an encapsulation efficiency of 40% with respect to the drug amount used during
preparation. CLSM showed that Bola-niosomes were able to promote the intracellular uptake of the delivered substances. Bola-niosomes
were also able to significantly improve (p <0.001) the percutaneous permeation of ammonium glycyrrhizinate with respect to both the aqueous drug solution and a physical
mixture between unloaded Bola-niosomes and the aqueous drug solution. Bola-niosomes showed a suitable tolerability both in vitro and in vivo. Ammonium glycyrrhizinate-loaded Bola-niosomes determined a significant (p <0.001) and noticeable improvement of the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of the drug. An effective example of conjugating innovative colloidal carriers, coming from pharmaceutical
nanotechnology, and therapeutically effective natural compounds, coming from traditional medicine, was reported.
Part of this research was presented at the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Controlled Release Society in Vienna, Austria, July
22–26, 2006. 相似文献
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Silva-Lopez RE Morgado-Díaz JA Alves CR Côrte-Real S Giovanni-De-Simone S 《Parasitology research》2004,93(4):328-331
Extracellular proteolytic activity was detected in a Leishmania (L.) amazonensis culture supernatant and a 56-kDa protein was purified using (NH4)2SO4 precipitation followed by affinity chromatography on aprotinin–agarose. A rabbit serum obtained against the 56-kDa extracellular serine protease was used in order to analyze its location in L. (L.) amazonensis parasites. Immunocytochemistry studies revealed that the enzyme is mainly found in the flagellar pocket and cytoplasmic vesicles of promastigote forms, whereas in amastigotes, it is located in electron-dense structures resembling megasomes. These results indicate that the 56-kDa serine protease is released into the extracellular environment through the flagellar pocket; and its intracellular location suggests either a correlated enzymatic activity or intracellular trafficking. 相似文献
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Bardia A Tiwari SK Gunisetty S Anjum F Nallari P Habeeb MA Khan AA 《Inflammation research》2012,61(4):359-365
Objective
The present study was designed to investigate the role of X-ray cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) and apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) polymorphisms in apoptosis and the risk of ulcerative colitis (UC). 相似文献13.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen of immunocompromised hosts. In cystic fibrosis (CF), P. aeruginosa causes acute and chronic lung infections that result in significant morbidity and mortality. P. aeruginosa possesses several traits that contribute to its ability to colonize and persist in acute and chronic infections. These include
high resistance to antimicrobials, ability to form biofilms, plethora of virulence products, and metabolic versatility. In
P. aeruginosa, a cell-to-cell communication process termed quorum sensing (QS) regulates many of these factors that contribute to its pathogenesis.
Recent evidence suggests that the CF lung environment presents a specialized niche for P. aeruginosa. The relationship of P. aeruginosa QS, biofilm formation, and the CF lung environment is discussed. 相似文献
14.
María del Rosario Robles James E. Loudon John M. Kinsella Mandala Hunter-Ishikawa David S. Miller Michelle L. Sauther Frank P. Cuozzo 《Acta parasitologica / Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Warszawa, Poland》2010,55(3):270-275
Lemuricola (Madoxyuris) bauchoti Chabaud, Brygoo et Petter, 1965 is redescribed from material collected from the ring-tailed lemur, Lemur catta, from the Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve in Madagascar using the scanning electron microscope. This is a new host record and
the first oxyurid reported from the ring-tailed lemur. Previously, records of each species of the subgenus Madoxyuris have been restricted to a single host species, but the close relationship between these nematodes and their Strepsirrhini
hosts will only be proven when additional records fill in the gaps in their distribution. 相似文献
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Emily Staples Beatriz Morillo-Gutierrez Jessica Davies Daniel Petersheim Michel Massaad Mary Slatter Dimitra Dimou Rainer Doffinger Scott Hackett Dinkantha Kumararatne James Hadfield Matthew D. Eldridge Raif S. Geha Mario Abinun James E. D. Thaventhiran 《Journal of clinical immunology》2017,37(5):415-418
17.
Genomic in-situ hybridization (GISH) was applied to study the behaviour of addition chromosomes in first and second backcross (BC) progenies
of hybrids between Brassica napus ssp. napus L. (AACC, 2n = 38) and Sinapis alba L. (SS, 2n = 24) produced by electrofusion. With GISH using genomic DNA of S. alba was used as probe it was possible to clearly distinguish both of the parental genomes and effectively monitor the fate of
S. alba chromosomes in the BC1 and BC2 progenies. GISH analysis confirmed the sesquidiploid genome composition (AACCS) of the BC1 progenies, which contained 38 chromosomes from B. napus and 12 chromosomes from S. alba. Genome painting in the pollen mother cells (PMCs) of the BC1 plants revealed intergenomic association between B. napus and S. alba chromosomes, whereby a maximum of 4 trivalents between AC and S chromosomes were identified at metaphase I. In the BC2 progenies, aneuploids with different numbers of additional chromosomes from S. alba, ranging from 1 to 7, were confirmed. Three putative monosomic alien addition lines were characterized, and the results are
discussed with respect to the potential for intergenomic chromosome recombination. 相似文献
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Repeat induced point mutation (RIP) is a gene silencing mechanism present in fungal genomes. During RIP, duplicated sequences
are efficiently and irreversibly mutated by transitions from C:G to T:A. For the first time, we have identified traces of
RIP in transposable elements of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogenum, two biotechnologically relevant fungi. We found that RIP in P. chrysogenum has affected a large set of sequences, which also contain other mutations. On the other hand, RIP in A. niger is limited to only few sequences, but literally all mutations are RIP-like. Surprisingly, RIP occurred only in transposon
sequences that have disrupted open reading frames in A. niger, a phenomenon not yet reported for other fungi. In both fungal species, we identified two sequences with strong sequence
similarity to Neurospora crassa RID. RID is a putative DNA methyltransferase and the only known enzyme involved in the RIP process. Our findings suggest
that both A. niger and P. chrysogenum either had a sexual past or have a sexual potential. These findings have important implications for future strain development
of these fungi. 相似文献
20.
Fidelis Cho-Ngwa Melanie Abongwa Moses N Ngemenya Kennedy D Nyongbela 《BMC complementary and alternative medicine》2010,10(1):62