小剂量多巴酚丁胺、硝酸异山梨酯单用及合用的超声心动图检测冠心病左心室收缩功能严重减低患者的存活心肌

目的与99mTc-甲氧基异丁腈(MIBI)/18F-脱氧葡萄糖(18FDG)双核素同时采集法(DISA)SPECT心肌显像对比,评价小剂量多巴酚丁胺(Dob)、硝酸异山梨酯单用及合用的二维超声心动图(2DE)试验检测冠心病伴左心室收缩功能严重减低患者(左室射血分数,LVEF≤45%)存活心肌的效果.     

小剂量多巴酚丁胺、异舒吉单用及合用的超声心动图试验检测冠心病左心室收缩功能严重减低患者的存活心肌

目的与99mTc-甲氧基异丁腈(MIBI)/18F-脱氧葡萄糖(18FDG)双核素同时采集法(DISA)单光子发射计算机断层摄影术(SPECT)心肌显像对比,评价小剂量多巴酚丁胺(Dob)、异舒吉单用及合用的二维超声心动图(2DE)试验检测冠心病左心室收缩功能严重减低患者(左心室射血分数,LVEF≤0.45)存活心肌的准确性.方法选择冠心病左心室收缩功能严重减低患者40例(LVEF 0.39±0.05),1周内分别完成小剂量Dob、异舒吉单用及合用的2DE试验和DISA SPECT心肌显像.采用16节段半定量法分别分析图像,比较两种方法对存活心肌的检出率、符合率和κ值.结果对存活心肌的检出率,DISA SPECT为64%,小剂量Dob、异舒吉及其合用2DE,仅Dob10 μg/(kg·min)和异舒吉与Dob 5 μg/(kg·min)合用的2DE与之相当,分别达60.1%和59.1%.以DISA SPECT检测的存活心肌为标准,药物负荷2DE识别存活心肌的特异性在85.7%～96.0%,各剂量间均无显著性差异(P均＞0.05);而识别的敏感性和符合率在小剂量Dob 2DE中仍以Dob10μg2DE最好,均为86.5%;在异舒吉与Dob合用时,敏感性比异舒吉单用、符合率比两者单用时均显著增加(P＜均0.001),然亦以异舒吉-Dob5μg2DE最好,分别为84.6%和85.1%.结论对左心室收缩功能严重低下冠心病患者的存活心肌检测,小剂量Dob2DE仅以Dob10μg的检出率与DISASPECT心肌显像相当,识别的敏感性和准确性最好;异舒吉与小剂量Dob合用,能提高两药单用时的检出率、识别敏感性和准确性,特别在异舒吉-Dob5μg时已达Dob10μg单用时的水平.     

急性心肌梗塞后应用多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图对心肌存活性的研究

本文目的应用多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图研究急性心肌梗塞后梗塞区域心肌存活性。选择36例急性心肌梗塞患者，用5μg／kg·min多巴酚丁胺静脉滴注，体表超声心动图于用药前后对比观察梗塞区域心肌室壁运动和收缩期增厚率（T％），识别心肌存活性。36例患者分为576段心肌，基础状态下94段心肌运动消失，T％为0。静注5μg/kg·min多巴酚丁胺后，94段心肌中30段心肌恢复或部分恢复运动，T％增加121～60．0％。结果提示94段运动消失的心肌中30段（31．9％）具有存活性。表明多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图对急性心肌梗塞后存活心肌的识别是安全、可靠的，具有十分重要的临床意义。     

小剂量多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图联合心肌多层纵向应变评估陈旧性心肌梗死患者存活心肌的价值

目的 探讨小剂量多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图(LDDSE)联合心肌分层纵向应变(LS)评估陈旧性心肌梗死(PMI)患者存活心肌的价值.方法 纳入2018年1月至2019年1月就诊于浙江省台州医院的PMI患者38例,于经皮冠状动脉介入治疗前静息状态和小剂量多巴酚丁胺负荷状态下行超声心动图和心肌节段多层LS检查,并在术后1、3...     

关于负荷超声心动图与负荷核素心肌灌注显像

<正> 因为双嘧达莫(潘生丁)可引起局部的灌注差异,而多巴酚丁胺导致节段性左心室室壁运动减低,所以灌注显像(目前指核素或正电子发射体层成像扫描,当然将来是超声心动图)最适应于双嘧达莫试验,而超声心动图(或MRI)可选择性应用于多巴酚丁胺试验。由于缺血并不一定产生局部的灌注差异,故双嘧达莫心肌灌注显像对冠心病患者的探查比多巴酚丁胺的室壁运动显像具更高的敏感性。多巴酚丁胺导致的节段性左心室室壁运动受损依赖其所诱发的缺血,故其室壁运动显像对于已确诊冠心病且输出量依赖缺血的患者更具有预后价值。因此,多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图与双嘧达莫核素心肌灌注扫     

药物负荷超声心动图与双核素心肌显像对比检测存活心肌

目的　比较99mTc 甲氧基异丁腈(MIBI) /18F 脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)双核素同时采集法(DISA)单光子发射型断层显像(SPECT)和药物负荷二维超声心动图(2DE)试验,识别冠心病左心室收缩功能严重减低患者[左室射血分数(LVEF)≤45% ]存活心肌的准确性。方法　陈旧性心肌梗死患者26例,平均LVEF(38. 6±4 .9 )%,在一周内分别进行小剂量多巴酚丁胺10μg·kg-1·min-1(Dob10μg)、亚硝酸异山梨酯合用Dob5μg·kg-1·min-1 (ISDN Dob5μg)的2DE试验,以及DISASPECT心肌显像。所有患者在冠状动脉血管重建(CRV)术后(6 .8±2 .9)个月完成了2DE复查。采用16节段半定量法分别分析图像,以CRV术后收缩功能改善节段为存活标准,比较两种方法检测存活心肌的敏感性、特异性和准确性。结果　26例患者272个运动异常节段中,术后156个( 57. 4% )有收缩运动改善。DISASPECT检测出72 .4% (134 /254)存活心肌节段,显著高于术后实际改善率(P<0 .001)。Dob10μg2DE的存活心肌检出率为65 5% (163 /249 ),ISDN Dob5μg2DE的为65 .7%(176 /268),均与术后实际改善率一致(P均>0 .05)。DISASPECT检测存活心肌的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为93%, 55%和76. 8%;Dob10μg2DE的分别为88 .6%, 64 .2%和77. 9%,两种方法检测效果相当(P均>0 .05)。ISDN Dob5μg     

药物负荷超声心动图与同位素双核素SPECT心肌显像对比检测冠心病左心室收缩功能严重减低患者存活心肌

目的比较99mTc-甲氧基异丁腈(MIBI)/18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)双核素同时采集法(DISA)SPECT心肌显像和药物负荷二维超声心动图(2DE)试验识别冠心病左心室收缩功能严重减低患者(左室射血分数,LVEF≤45%)存活心肌的准确性.方法陈旧性心肌梗死伴左心室收缩功能严重减低患者26例,平均LVEF38.6%±4.9%,在一周内分别进行小剂量多巴酚丁胺(Dob)10μg·kg-1·min-1、异舒吉合用Dob5μg·kg-1·min-1的2DE试验,以及DISA SPECT心肌显像.所有患者在冠状动脉血运重建(CRV)术后6.8±2.9月完成了2DE复查.采用16节段半定量法分别分析图像,以CRV术后收缩功能改善节段为存活标准,比较两种方法检测存活心肌的敏感性、特异性和准确性.结果26例患者的272个运动异常节段中,术后156个(57.4%)有收缩运动改善.DISASPECT检测出72.4%(134/254)存活心肌节段,显著高于术后心肌收缩功能改善率(P＜0.001).药物负荷2DE试验的存活心肌检出率,小剂量Dob10μg·kg-1·min-12DE为65.5%(163/249),异舒吉-Dob5μg·kg-1·min-12DE为65.7%(176/268),均与术后心肌收缩功能改善率一致(P均＞0.05).DISA SPECT检测存活心肌的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为93%,55%和76.8%;Dob10μg·kg-1·min-12DE的分别为88.6%,64.2%和77.9%,均与DISA SPECT相当(P均＞0.05).异舒吉-Dob5μg2DE的检测效果已达Dob10μg·kg-1·min-12DE水平,敏感性和准确性(91.4%和81.4%)均与DISA SPECT相当(P均＞0.05),特异性(68.1%)还较之略高(P＜0.05).结论检测冠心病左心室收缩功能严重减低患者存活心肌,DISA SPECT的敏感性高,特异性偏低,准确性较好;小剂量Dob10pμg·kg-1·min-1 2DE的检测准确性、敏感性和特异性均与之相当.异舒吉-Dob5μg·kg-1·min-12DE的检测敏感性和准确性均达Dob10μg·kg-1·min-12DE水平,并与DISA SPECT相当,特异性还较同位素的略高.     

低剂量多巴酚丁胺超声负荷试验与左心室造影术对不稳定型心绞痛合并心功能不全患者存活心肌检测的对比研究

目的　探讨低剂量多巴酚丁胺左心室造影术 (L DDV)对不稳定型心绞痛合并左心功能不全患者存活心肌检测的可靠性。方法　选择 5 2例有不稳定型心绞痛病史 ,心功能在 - 级间 ,超声心动图有节段性室壁运动异常 ,左心室射血分数 (L VEF)在 35 %～ 4 0 %的患者 ,分别用低剂量多巴酚丁胺超声负荷试验 (L DDE)及低剂量多巴酚丁胺左心室造影 (L DDV)技术评价存活心肌后进行血运重建术 (PCI或 CABG)。于术后半年复查超声心动图及左心室造影 ,比较两种方法检测存活心肌的准确性、敏感性及特异性。结果　 L DDE技术检测存活心肌的敏感性为6 7.1% ,特异性为 76 % ,准确性为 6 8%。 L DDV技术检测存活心肌的敏感性为 6 8% ,特异性为 76 % ,准确性为71%。两组间差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论　 L DDV技术识别不稳定型心绞痛合并心功能不全者存活心肌与L DDE技术相比 ,同样具有较高可靠性     

药物负荷试验核素心肌断层显像识别存活心肌

目的探讨药物多巴酚丁胺、硝酸异山梨酯负荷试验核素锝[^99mTc]甲氧异丁异腈（technetium [^99mTc] methoxy isobutyl isonitrile,^99mTc-MIBI）心肌断层显像识别存活心肌的价值。方法对48例陈旧性心肌梗死伴左心室收缩功能受损患者进行静息心肌^99mTc-MIBI心肌断层显像和多巴酚丁胺、硝酸异山梨酯负荷试验^99mTc-MIBI心肌断层显像,用半定量的方法将^99mTc-MIBI摄取进行评分,区分存活心肌和非存活心肌。结果^99mTc-MIBI显像判定,经皮冠状动脉介入术前存活心肌节段有279个．非存活心肌节段235个;经多巴酚丁胺加硝酸异山梨酯负荷后,心肌显像改善：轻度稀疏节段9个、中度稀疏节段24个、严重稀疏或缺损节段10个,共计43个节段显像改善,评分减少1分以上,存活心肌节段313个,非存活心肌节段201个。两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。经皮冠状动脉介入术后6个月,随访多巴酚丁胺加硝酸异山梨酯负荷后,心肌显像改善的32个节段发现,静息^99mTc-MIBI显像改善,另有8个受损节段正常化。多巴酚丁胺加硝酸异山梨酯负荷后心肌显像无变化的389个节段在经皮冠状动脉介入术后346个节段无变化。多巴酚丁胺加硝酸异山梨酯负荷心肌显像检测存活心肌的阳性预测值93％,阴性预测值89％。结论多巴酚丁胺加硝酸异山梨酯负荷后心肌显像对存活心肌的识别能够提高存活心肌的检出率。其阳性预测值和阴性预测值较好。     

药物负荷超声心动图检测心功能减低者存活心肌

目的评价小剂量多巴酚丁胺、硝酸异山梨酯单用及合用的二维超声心动图(2DE)检测冠心病左心室收缩功能严重减低患者存活心肌的安全性和准确性。方法对40例陈旧性心肌梗死拟接受冠状动脉血运重建术患者进行多巴酚丁胺(3、5、10μg·kg-1·min-1)、硝酸异山梨酯及两药合用的负荷2DE检测。结果硝酸异山梨酯与多巴酚丁胺(3、5μg·kg-1·min-1)合用无诱发心肌缺血,检测敏感性和准确性均较两者单用时显著提高(P值均<0·05),且副作用发生率显著降低(P<0·05)。硝酸异山梨酯+多巴酚丁胺5μg·kg-1·min-12DE的敏感性、特异性和准确性均达多巴酚丁胺10μg·kg-1·min-12DE水平。多巴酚丁胺10μg·kg-1·min-1可诱发心肌缺血。结论多巴酚丁胺5~10μg·kg-1·min-12DE检测左心室收缩功能严重减低患者存活心肌效果较好,但可诱发心肌缺血。硝酸酯与多巴酚丁胺合用能提高检测敏感性和准确性,且更安全。     

Myocardial Noncompaction Presenting With Myocardial Bridge: A Case Report

Myocardial noncompaction, namly isolated noncompaction of the left ventricular myocardium (NVM), is a rare congenital disease. It can be either seen in the absence of other cardiac anomalies, or associated with other congenital cardiac defects, mostly stenotic lesions of the left ventricular outflow tract. A myocardial bridge (MB) is thought being associated with coronary heart disease, such as coronary spasm, arrhythmia, and so on. The significance of MB in association with other congenital cardiac conditions is unknown.We report a novel case who was presented NVM and MB. A 34-year-old man complained of chest prickling-like pain and dizzy for 1 year. His blood pressure was 110/70 mm Hg. Echocardiograph revealed increased trabeculations below the level of papillary muscle of left ventricle (LV); deep intertrabecular recesses in the endocardial wall of LV particularly in apex free wall; and LV ejection fraction of 57%. A coronary computerized tomography scan showed that part, 38.9 cm, of left descending artery tunnel was surrounding by cardiac muscles rather than resting on top of the myocardium.The therapeutics interventions included lifestyle cares, agents of anti-ischemia and improvement myocardial cell metabolism. The patient was followed up for 2.6 years, and his general condition was stable.This case indicates that NVM can be developed with MB, and the complete diagnosis of NVM and MB should be made by different image studies.     

Platelet Activation Is Associated With Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Pneumonia

Background

Troponins may be elevated in patients with pneumonia, but associations with myocardial infarction (MI) and with platelet activation are still undefined.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between troponin elevation and in vivo markers of platelet activation in the early phase of hospitalization of patients affected by community-acquired pneumonia.

Methods

A total of 278 consecutive patients hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia, who were followed up until discharge, were included. At admission, platelet activation markers such as plasma soluble P-selectin, soluble CD40 ligand, and serum thromboxane B₂ (TxB₂) were measured. Serum high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T levels and electrocardiograms were obtained every 12 and 24 h, respectively.

Results

Among 144 patients with elevated high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T, 31 had signs of MI and 113 did not. Baseline plasma levels of soluble P-selectin and soluble CD40 ligand and serum TxB₂ were significantly higher in patients who developed signs of MI. Logistic regression analysis showed plasma soluble CD40 ligand (p < 0.001) and soluble P-selectin (p < 0.001), serum TxB₂ (p = 0.030), mean platelet volume (p = 0.037), Pneumonia Severity Index score (p = 0.030), and ejection fraction (p = 0.001) to be independent predictors of MI. There were no significant differences in MI rate between the 123 patients (45%) taking aspirin (100 mg/day) and those who were not aspirin treated (12% vs. 10%; p = 0.649). Aspirin-treated patients with MIs had higher serum TxB₂ compared with those without MIs (p = 0.005).

Conclusions

MI is an early complication of pneumonia and is associated with in vivo platelet activation and serum TxB₂ overproduction; aspirin 100 mg/day seems insufficient to inhibit thromboxane biosynthesis. (MACCE in Hospitalized Patients With Community-acquired Pneumonia; NCT01773863)     

心肌桥临床特点分析

目的:观察分析心肌桥的临床特征,为临床上心肌桥的正确诊断与治疗提供参考。方法:采用选择性冠状动脉造影方法,检测心肌桥患者120例,男75例,女45例,年龄30~63岁。结果:120例具有胸闷,胸痛,心悸等症状。87例(72.5%)有不同程度的心电图异常;前降支肌桥114例(95%),回旋支肌桥6例(5%)。狭窄Ⅰ级:6例(5%),Ⅱ级:78例(65%),Ⅲ级:36例(30%)。120例中,药物治疗117例,置入支架3例。随访1年,大部分患者症状减轻,无恶化及死亡病例。结论:心肌桥并非罕见现象,随着年龄的增长可出现不同的临床症状,治疗应首选药物治疗。     

Myocardial Recovery With Left Ventricular Assist Devices

OPINION STATEMENT: Advanced heart failure (HF) is a condition that is rarely thought of in terms of cure. Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs), like no therapy before them, provide complete decongestion of the left ventricle, with resulting favorable changes at all levels, from reversal of hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes to recovery of normal geometry and function of the ventricles. Although not a frequent phenomenon at most institutions, LV recovery is achieved in 20-25?% of LVAD recipients in some programs. Patients with good chances for recovery are usually young, with nonischemic cardiomyopathy and short duration of HF symptoms. After LVAD removal, patients with recovered function remain asymptomatic for years. To reach this level of sustainable restoration of cardiac function, several steps need to be taken: 1) myocardial recovery has to be recognized as a therapeutic goal, especially in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy; 2) HF medications have to be restarted and aggressively uptitrated after LVAD implantation; 3) regular monitoring for signs of myocardial recovery (eg, echocardiography or hemodynamics) should become a standard practice in LVAD centers; and 4) weaning protocols should be discussed and accepted at each LVAD program. While some protocols involve extensive several-day testing both at rest and with exercise, others are mostly guided by echocardiographic evaluation.