彩色多普勒超声引导下经皮经肝肝内胆管置管引流55例的临床分析

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声引导经皮经肝胆道置管引流在恶性肿瘤所致阻塞性黄疸中的临床应用价值。方法对55例恶性肿瘤引起的阻塞性黄疸患者,在超声引导下做经皮经肝胆道置管引流术。结果55例患者中,50例置管引流成功,成功率为90.9%。1w后50例黄疸明显减退,减退率为100%。结论超声引导经皮经肝胆道置管引流是对恶性肿瘤所致阻塞性黄疸患者术前减轻黄疸及姑息性治疗的有效方法,其操作方法值得深入探讨及掌握。     

经皮经肝胆道引流术治疗梗阻性黄疸

目的：探讨经皮经肝胆道引流术（PTCD）治疗梗阻性黄疸的临床意义。方法：在B超或X线引导下,对22例梗阻性黄疸患者采用PTCD治疗。结果：22例中,21例成功,成功率为95%。死亡2例,死亡率为9%。单纯胆道造影（PTC）1例,放置引流管引流17例,置入金属胆道支架9例。治疗后黄疸和皮肤瘙痒减轻,总胆红素明显下降,肝功能改善,效果满意。结论：此方法创伤小,并发症少,操作简单,引流可靠有效,是梗阻性黄疸较好的引流方法,值得推广。     

超声引导PTC在恶性梗阻性黄疸诊断中的应用

目的总结经皮肝穿刺胆道造影(PTC)对恶性梗阻性黄疸的诊断价值并将超声引导经皮肝穿刺胆道造影(U—PTC)和常规(X—PTC)进行比较。方法将该院2001年7月～2004年3月间进行的U—PTC(12例)同X一PTC(31例)进行比较。结果二者均对恶性梗阻性黄疸的诊断提供较为丰富的信息，但U—PTC较PTC更具有优点。结论PTC在恶性梗阻性黄疸的诊断中具有自身的优势，U—PTC较PTC具有具有操作时间短、成功率高、并发症少、病人痛苦小等优点，值得在临床推广。     

Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography using Chiba needle by blind method

Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography using Chiba needle by blind method was done on 25 patients with suspected obstructive jaundice. The overall success rate of the procedure was 96% and with few minor complications only.     

介入技术在恶性梗阻性黄疸治疗中的应用

目的 探讨超声引导及数字减影血管造影技术（DSA）下经皮经肝胆管金属支架植入术在恶性梗阻性黄疸治疗中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2011年1月-2013年1月我中心60例恶性梗阻性黄疸及肝功能严重损害患者,先行超声引导下经皮经肝胆管穿刺引流术（PTCD）,再在DSA下经PTCD窦道植入胆道金属支架,将外引流转变为生理性内引流,以改善肝功能.结果 60例患者术前血清总胆红素平均值为（386±95） μmol/L,术后第3天、第7天、第10天血清总胆红素平均值分别下降到（260±85） μmol /L、（220±81） μmol/L与（189±68）μmol /L（P＜0.05）,碱性磷酸酶（AKP）与y-谷氨酰转肽酶（γ-GT）均下降明显（P＜0.05）,出现并发症7例（11.7％）.结论 超声及DSA引导经皮经肝胆道内置引流术是一种治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的有效方法,具有安全、简便、经济和可重复等优点.     

经皮肝穿胆管引流术治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的研究

目的探讨经皮肝穿胆管引流术(percutaneous transhepatic cholangio-drainage,PTCD)在治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸中的效果。方法不能手术根治的恶性梗阻性黄疸患者78例,其中:48例在X线介导下行PTCD,同期30例行姑息性胆肠吻合内引流术。观察两者疗效及并发症发生情况。结果 PTCD组48例均穿刺成功,两组病例术后患者血清胆红素和转氨酶均较术前显著下降;PTCD组在减少住院时间、降低医疗费用、减少近期并发症方面,优于胆肠吻合术组。结论 PTCD是治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的安全、经济和有效的方法。     

PTCD在恶性梗阻性黄疸治疗中的临床应用

目的探讨经皮经肝穿刺胆道造影及引流术(PTCD)在恶性梗阻性黄疸治疗中的临床应用价值。方法对22例(男15例,女7例)行PTCD治疗的恶性梗阻性黄疸患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中胆管癌9例、胆囊癌4例、肝癌及肝转移癌6例、胰头癌3例。结果21例患者成功实施PTCD,其中3例行胆道内支架置入,1例患者PTCD未成功。全组技术成功率95.5%,术后患者黄疸、皮肤瘙痒等临床症状明显缓解,并发症有胆道少量出血、发热、肝区疼痛,经对症治疗后症状消失,未见严重的并发症发生。结论PTCD姑息治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸是一种安全、有效的介入治疗方法。     

介入治疗在恶性梗阻性黄疸中的临床应用

目的探讨经皮肝穿刺胆道引流术(PTCD)在恶性梗阻性黄疸治疗中的治疗效果;比较各种引流方法及有无后续治疗,生存期有无差别。方法对60例行PTCD治疗的恶性梗阻性黄疸患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中胆管癌20例,胆囊癌8例,肝癌8例,肝转移癌7例,胰头癌17例。结果 60例患者成功实施PTCD。术后患者黄疸、皮肤瘙痒等临床症状明显缓解,血清胆红素和转氨酶较术前显著下降。胆道支架组平均生存时间较单纯胆道外引流组平均生存时间延长。行后续治疗组[行动脉插管化疗灌注(TACE)或栓塞术(TAI)]平均生存时间明显延长。结论 PTCD姑息治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸是一种安全、有效的介入治疗方法。     

超声引导经皮肝穿刺胆道置管引流术在恶性梗阻性黄疸中的临床应用

目的 评价超声引导经皮肝穿刺胆道置管引流术在恶性肿瘤所致梗阻性黄疸中的临床应用价值.方法 对38例恶性梗阻性黄疸患者行超声引导下经皮肝穿刺胆道置管引流术,观察胆汁引流情况,有无并发症,肝功能改善情况.结果 38例患者均置管成功,一次置管成功率97.40％(37/38),二次置管成功率2.6％(1/38);术后引流通畅,...     

恶性梗阻性黄疸的介入治疗

目的:探讨介入治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的疗效及影响因素。方法:38例恶性梗阻性黄疸患者,胆管癌术后复发11例,胃癌术后转移8例,胰头癌9例,乳腺癌术后转移2例,肝癌8例,采用经皮肝穿刺胆管造影引流(PTCD)术(21例),裸金属内支架置入术(17例),2周后区域动脉灌注化疗或栓塞治疗37例,9例胰头癌患者结合聚焦超声放疗。结果:38例患者经皮肝穿技术成功率100%,PTCD或内支架置入2周后,血清总胆红素明显下降[(395.6±278.0)limol/Lvs(52.4±60.56)wmol/L,P<0.01)],肝功能明显改善。1例胃癌术后患者两天内死于内出血,其他37例患者均获得随访,平均生存9个月,最长21个月。0.5a内,17枚支架中4例出现阻塞,25条(4例患者放置2根)引流管中因脱出或不通畅更换5条。结论:介入治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸是一种有效延长患者生存时间、减轻痛苦的姑息手段,引流通畅是保证疗效的关键。     

经皮肝穿治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的临床研究

目的探讨经皮肝穿治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的疗效及影响因素。方法 38例恶性梗阻性黄疸患者,胆管癌术后复发11例,胃癌术后转移8例,胰头癌9例,乳腺癌术后转移2例,肝癌8例,采用经皮肝穿刺胆管造影引流（PTCD）术（21例）,裸金属内支架置入术（17例）,2周后区域动脉灌注化疗或栓塞治疗37例,9例胰头癌患者结合聚焦超声放疗。结果 38例患者经皮肝穿技术成功率100%,PTCD或内支架置入2周后,血清总胆红素明显下降（395.6±278.0）limol/Lvs（52.4±60.56）wmol/L,P〈0.01）,肝功能明显改善。1例胃癌术后患者两天内死于内出血,其他37例患者均获得随访,平均生存9个月,最长21个月。0.5a内,17枚支架中4例出现阻塞,25条（4例患者放置2根）引流管中因脱出或不通畅更换5条。结论介入治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸是一种有效延长患者生存时间、减轻痛苦的姑息手段,引流通畅是保证疗效的关键。     

恶性梗阻性黄疸的介入治疗

目的 探讨介入治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的疗效及影响因素.方法 38例恶性梗阻性黄疸患者,胆管癌术后复发11例,胃癌术后转移8例,胰头癌9例,乳腺癌术后转移1例,肝癌8例,采用经皮肝穿刺胆管造影引流(PTCD)术(21例),裸金属内支架置入术(17例),2周后区域动脉灌注化疗或栓塞治疗37例,9例胰头癌患者结合聚焦超声放疗.结果 38例患者经皮肝穿技术成功率100%,PTCD或内支架置入2周后,血清总胆红素明显下降[(396.7±278.1 )μmol/L vs(52.3±71.6)μmol/L,P＜0.01)],肝功明显改善.1例胃癌术后患者两天内死于内出血,其他37例患者均获得随访,平均生存9个月,最长21个月.半年内,17枚支架中4例出现阻塞,25根(4例患者放置2根)引流管中因脱出或不通畅更换5条.结论 介入治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸是一种有效延长患者生存时间、减轻痛苦的姑息手段,引流通畅是保证疗效的关键.     

超声引导下PTCD治疗梗阻性黄疸的临床价值

目的探讨超声引导下经皮经肝胆管引流(PTCD)治疗梗阻性黄疸的临床价值。方法在超声引导下对32例恶性梗阻性黄疸患者行PTCD术治疗,术后观察生命体征、胆汁引流量、临床症状及置管后1周胆红素的变化情况,以及有无腹膜炎表现和出血症状。结果 32例患者置管成功30例,成功率为93.75%,2例置管失败。置管引流后临床症状明显改善,1周后胆红素明显下降。所有患者术中术后均无严重并发症。结论超声引导下PTCD具有方法简便、安全、微创、痛苦少的特点,是治疗恶性肿瘤所致梗阻性黄疸的有效方法。     

经皮肝胆管引流术对梗阻性黄疸的疗效观察及其并发症原因分析

[目的 ]探讨经皮肝穿刺胆道外引流术对恶性梗阻性黄疸的疗效及其并发症的预防和处理 .[方法 ]回顾性总结用介入性经皮肝穿胆道外引流术治疗的恶性梗阻性黄疸 16例的临床资料 ,观察术前术后血清胆红素变化 ,分析并发症的发生原因及预防措施 .[结果 ]16例经皮肝胆管引流术均 1次性成功 ,术后 1～ 2周 ,总胆红素平均下降 112 87μmol/L ,直接胆红素平均下降 6 6 4 2 μmol/L ,并发症有引流管出血、脱落、阻塞、胆汁外漏、发烧和感染性休克等 .[结论 ]经皮肝胆管引流术治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的近期疗效满意 ,对不宜行外科手术的阻塞性黄疸是一种安全且有效的方法 ,但应严格掌握适应症 ,预防和控制并发症 .     

Ultrasound in choledocholithiasis

Twenty-five patients of obstructive jaundice due to choledocholithiasis, were prospectively evaluated by ultrasonography and cholangiography. Ultrasound could demonstrate choledocholithiasis in 10 patients (40%). Choledocholithiasis in non-dilated ducts could be demonstrated only in one patient. All cases were diagnosed by cholangiography. Ultrasound, though an accepted modality of choice for diagnosing cholelithiasis, has a limited role in the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis. Ultrasonography (USG) is the screening modality of choice to distinguish obstructive from non-obstructive jaundice. It is highly accurate in the diagnosis of cholelithiasis but its role in detection of choledocholithiasis is less clear. Choledocholithiasis complicates 10% of all cases of cholecystitis and occurs in 2-4% of postcholecystectomy patients. The present study deals with the diagnostic value of USG in cases of choledocholithiasis subjected to USG prior to cholangiography and surgery.     

肝脏双功能对比剂Gd-BOPTA胆道成像临床初步研究

目的探讨肝脏双功能对比剂Gd-BOPTA应用于胆道成像的可行性及临床价值。方法应用GdBOPTA对15例患者（对照组10例,梗阻性黄疸组5例）进行胆道成像。比较胆系结构的显示（高信号对比剂充盈）率。测量计算肝脏和胆囊信号强度的变化值及其比值。结果对照组10例均能够显示胆总管、胆囊和肝总管,左右肝内胆管和胆囊管的显示率大于60%。梗阻性黄疸组1例于扩张胆总管内高信号胆汁对比下可见软组织信号充盈缺损。其余4例总胆红素大于131.4μmol/L,胆道未能显影。两组延迟扫描胆囊、肝脏信号强度变化及其比值差异有显著性（p=0.001,004,0.001）,对照组均高于梗阻性黄疸组。结论Gd-BOPTA在非梗阻性黄疸患者中可以得到较为满意的胆道二维及三维图像,为评价肝脏功能以及诊断或排除胆道病变提供了新的安全、无创检查手段。     

Clinical efficacy and safety of selective trans-cystic intraoperative cholangiography in primary suture following three-port laparoscopic common bile duct exploration

Background  Intra-operative cholangiography has been shown to be a sensitive and specific method of demonstrating bile duct stones. This study investigated the feasibility, safety, and clinical value of selective trans-cystic intra-operative cholangiography in primary suture following three-port laparoscopic common bile duct exploration, and identified the factors that positively predict the presence of common bile duct stones.

Methods  From January 2008 to January 2011, 252 of 1013 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy received selective trans-cystic intra-operative cholangiography and primary suture following three-port laparoscopic common bile duct exploration. Their clinical data were analyzed retrospectively.

Results  All operations were successful and none was converted to open surgery. The intra-operative cholangiography time was (8.3±2.5) minutes, and the operative duration was (105.4±23.1) minutes. According to selective intra-operative cholangiography, the positive predictive values of current jaundice, small gallstones (<0.5 cm) and dilated cystic duct (>0.3 cm), dilated common bile duct (>0.8 cm), history of jaundice or gallstone pancreatitis, abnormal liver function test, and preoperative demonstration of suspected common bile duct stones on imaging were 87%, 25%, 42%, 15%, 32%, and 75% for common bile duct stones, respectively. Patients with several factors suggestive of common bile duct stones yielded higher numbers of positive cholangiograms. Unexpected stones were found in 13 patients (5.2%) by intra-operative cholangiography. The post-operative hospital stay was (4.7±2.2) days. Post-operative bile leakage occurred in two cases, and these patients recovered by simple drainage for 3–7 days without re-operation. Of the 761 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy alone, 5 (0.7%) presented with a retained common bile duct stone requiring intervention. The median follow-up was 12 months, and only one patient who once suffered from bile leakage presented with obstructive jaundice due to bile duct stenosis 6 months postoperatively. The other patients recovered without any serious complications.

Conclusions  Selective intra-operative cholangiography yields acceptably high positive results. It is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive approach in patients with suspected choledocholithiasis and primary suture following three-port laparoscopic common bile duct exploration.

     

恶性梗阻性黄疸介入治疗187例临床分析

目的 总结经皮穿刺肝胆道引流术(PTCD)及胆道内支架置入术(PTIBS)手术并发症的原因及处理方法.方法 恶性梗阻性黄疸患者187例,男112例,女75例,PTCD治疗66例,PTCD PTIBS治疗121 例,穿刺右肝管引流143 例,穿刺左肝管引流29例,双侧肝管同时穿刺引流15例.结果 187 例中,手术成功187例,PTCD成功率100%,发生并发症15例,其中菌血症或败血症 8 例,出血 2 例,胆汁血症 3例,术后支架内血栓形成1例,支架放置失误1 例.所有病例经对症治疗后无后遗症发生.结论 PTCD创伤小,并发症少,成功率高,是晚期恶性梗阻性黄疸较好的引流方法.     

恶性梗阻性黄疸的介入治疗及其疗效分析

目的探讨恶性梗阻性黄疸的介入治疗方法及其疗效。方法对52例恶性梗阻性黄疸患者,其中:原发行肝癌10例,胆管癌18例,胰头癌9例,胆囊癌3例,肝门淋巴结转移11例,壶腹部癌1例,行金属内支架置入术及经皮肝穿胆汁引流术。结果 52例中,36例行金属内支架置入术,16例行单纯外引流或内外引流,术后胆红素平均下降(128.55±93.86)μmol/L。52例患者均获得随访,平均生存9个月,最长已29个月。结论经皮经肝穿刺胆管引流加内支架置入术,是姑息性治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的安全、有效方法,能提高患者的生命质量及延长生存期。     

Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. Results and complications in 81 patients

Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage is usually used for preoperative decompression and for palliation in obstructive jaundice, but little attention has been focused on catheter complications. We retrospectively reviewed our experience with percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in 81 consecutive patients. There was a 10.0% failure rate and an 8.6% mortality rate. Four patients (4.9%) required emergency operations for complications and an additional ten patients (12.3%) required transfusions. The overall sepsis rate was 34.6%; prophylactic antibiotics decreased the sepsis rate. Thirty-eight patients (47.0%) required 68 manipulation procedures for catheter malfunctions. No distinguishing characteristics could be found to identify the subgroups having complications or mortalities. The efficacy of preoperative percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage has not been proved, and the indications for palliation are not clearly defined. Further trials are needed to define the role of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in patients with obstructive jaundice.