外科治疗冠心病合并中度以上缺血性二尖瓣反流的早期效果分析

目的 探讨冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病伴中度以上缺血性二尖瓣反流经外科治疗后的早期疗效.方法 回顾性分析1999年12月-2010年12月行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)治疗的175例冠心病合并中度以上缺血性二尖瓣反流患者的临床资料,根据手术方式分为单纯CABG组(108例)、CABG同期行二尖瓣成形/置换组(同期手术组,67例).比较两组的年龄、性别、搭桥支数、主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)和心室辅助装置(VAD)使用情况、围术期死亡率、同时行其他手术(主动脉瓣置换、室壁瘤切除、室间隔缺损修补等)情况,并分析两组手术前后左房内径(LA)、左室舒张末内径(LVEDD)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、二尖瓣反流程度、肺动脉收缩压(sPAP)、心功能NYHA分级等的变化.结果 两组年龄、性别、搭桥支数、使用IABP和VAD、围术期死亡率、同时行其他手术情况差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组术后LA、LVEDD、二尖瓣反流程度、sPAP、心功能NYHA分级等均较术前明显改善(P＜0.01),而LVEF与术前比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 对于冠心病伴中度以上缺血性二尖瓣反流患者,全面而积极的手术干预并未带来更理想的早期手术效果;在充分再血管化的基础上,可选择简单而安全有效的手术方式.     

二尖瓣成形术治疗冠心病合并缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全28例报告

冠心病(CAD)常合并缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全(IMR),后者可进一步损害左室功能,增加CAD的死亡率并影响患者远期生存.因此,对于CAD伴严重IMR的患者,在实施冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)的同时,应积极纠正IMR.     

外伤性二尖瓣关闭不全的外科治疗

目的 探讨外伤性二尖瓣关闭不全的临床特点、外科治疗方法及其手术效果.方法 回顾分析2000年12月-2007年11月收治的16例外伤性二尖瓣关闭不全外科手术治疗的临床病例.16例中术前心胸比例0.55±0.07,左心室射血分数为(51.2±23.2)%,按纽约心脏病学会(NYHA)心功能分级:Ⅰ～Ⅱ级者10例(63%).手术方法包括二尖瓣成形14例,二尖瓣置换术2例,并同期矫治合并病变.随访14例,随访时间(35.2±25.7)个月.结果 外伤至出现二尖瓣关闭不全症状的时间为(23.3±50.9)个月.随访时,13例二尖瓣成形者,二尖瓣血流正常4例,微量反流7例,少量反流2例.14例左心室射血分数为(66.8±9.0)%,较术前明显升高(P＜0.05).心功能NYHA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级者13例(93%),与术前比较,心功能NYHA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级者所占百数比明显增高(P＜0.01).结论 外伤性二尖瓣关闭不全可在外伤后即刻出现,亦可在外伤后数年逐渐出现.选择适当的手术时机,应用综合性二尖瓣成形术或者二尖瓣置换术,多能获得满意的中远期效果.     

慢性缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全的外科治疗

目的：探讨慢性缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全（IMR）的手术治疗方法和效果。方法：2004-04~2008-09,冠脉搭桥同期外科治疗IMR 21例,其中中度反流17例,重度反流4例。二尖瓣成形术6例,其中使用人工瓣环4例。瓣膜置换术15例,其中双叶机械瓣8例、生物瓣7例。结果：全组手术死亡1例。17例术后平均随访24个月,远期死亡1例,生存者远期心功能l~Ⅱ级者16例,Ⅲ级者1例。术后超声复查左心室内径较术前明显缩小,瓣膜功能良好。结论：中度和中度以上缺血性二尖瓣关闭不全在作冠脉搭桥术时应同时手术处理病变的瓣膜,术后效果满意。而手术矫治的方法应根据瓣膜的病理改变和手术者的经验决定。     

二尖瓣狭窄364例外科治疗

二尖瓣狭窄３６４例外科治疗４２１００２衡阳解放军第１６９医院谢庭初贺端清莫放林袁延才关键词二尖瓣狭窄；外科治疗中国图书资料分类号Ｒ５４１．２我院近十年对３６４例二尖瓣狭窄进行了外科治疗，疗效较满意，早期死亡占３．０２％。现就二尖瓣狭窄外科治疗术式选择...     

缺血性二尖瓣反流外科治疗现状

<正>缺血性二尖瓣反流(ischemic mitral regurgitation,IMR)是缺血性心肌病最常见的并发症之一,常提示预后不良~([1])。心肌梗死后,25%的患者出现明显的IMR,发病率和病死率均升高,且与反流程度成正比~([2])。IMR的病理生理机制复杂,整体或局部左室重构,二尖瓣各组成部分形态多层次的改变,     

风心病二尖瓣狭窄伴关闭不全并左房内巨大血栓1例

患者女，66岁。因心慌气短20余年，诊断为风湿性心脏病，5年前因“脑血栓”住院，近一周心悸加重入院。     

心脏瓣膜手术前行冠状动脉造影及同期行冠状动脉旁路移植术分析

目的探讨心脏瓣膜病患者术前选择性行冠状动脉造影及同期施行冠状动脉旁路移植术的效果及经验。方法对211例50岁以上行心脏瓣膜手术的患者进行统计,其中男104人,女107人,年龄50~75岁(60±3·5岁)。术前对有心绞痛等相关症状、糖尿病、高脂血症、心电图存在缺血等冠心病高危因素的患者行冠状动脉造影,冠状动脉狭窄超过50%为阳性,狭窄超过75%(左主干超过50%)者同期行冠状动脉旁路移植术。结果211例患者中行冠状动脉造影术128例(60·7%,其余患者无症状及相关危险因素未造影),其中30例冠状动脉存在单支或多支病变,狭窄程度>50%,造影阳性率23·4%。同期行冠状动脉旁路移植术24例(80·0%),手术死亡1例,其余患者随诊4~38个月,效果良好。结论50岁以上瓣膜病患者术前行冠状动脉造影可为术前诊断和排除冠心病、选择术式提供帮助。     

Treatment of a Left Internal Mammary Artery to Pulmonary Artery Fistula with Polytetrafluoroethylene Covered Stents: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Internal mammary artery (IMA) to pulmonary artery (PA) fistula is a rare complication of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) that may present as myocardial ischemia. We describe a case of left IMA-to-PA fistula treated with balloon expandable coronary polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) graft stents and review previously reported cases of this entity.     

一步法治疗中重度二尖瓣狭窄的研究(附492例报告)

目的　研究一步法经皮球囊扩张术治疗中重度二尖瓣狭窄 15年的经验及长期随访的情况。方法　摒弃传统的三步法 ,采用一步法经皮经房间隔穿刺球囊扩张治疗二尖瓣狭窄。本组共 4 92例风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄患者 ,其中男 15 6例 ,女 336例 ,年龄 4 1 2±10 5岁(15～ 6 8岁 )。结果　 4 92例二尖瓣球囊扩张术手术时间 36 5± 12 1min ,成功率 98 2 % (4 83/ 4 92 ) ,术后二尖瓣口面积从 0 89±0 18cm2 增加至 2 2 1± 0 4 1cm2 。 10 5例随访 8～ 98个月 ,二尖瓣再狭窄率为 11 4 % (12 / 10 5 ) ,远期死亡率为 2 9% (3/ 10 5 )。结论　一步法经皮球囊扩张术治疗重症二尖瓣狭窄成功率高 ,近远期疗效均佳。     

Magnetic resonance imaging for ischemic heart disease

Cardiac MRI has long been recognized as an accurate and reliable means of evaluating cardiac anatomy and ventricular function. Considerable progress has been made in the field of cardiac MRI, and cardiac MRI can provide accurate evaluation of myocardial ischemia and infarction (MI). Late gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced MRI can clearly delineate subendocardial infarction, and the assessment of transmural extent of infarction on late enhanced MRI has been shown to be useful in predicting functional recovery of dysfunctional myocardium in patients after MI. Stress first-pass contrast-enhanced (CE) myocardial perfusion MRI can be used to detect subendocardial ischemia, and recent studies have demonstrated the high diagnostic accuracy of stress myocardial perfusion MRI for detecting significant coronary artery disease (CAD). Free-breathing, whole-heart coronary MR angiography (MRA) was recently introduced as a method that can provide visualization of all three major coronary arteries within a single three-dimensional (3D) acquisition. With further improvements in MRI techniques and the establishment of a standardized study protocol, cardiac MRI will play a pivotal role in managing patients with ischemic heart disease.     

评估主动脉瓣钙化及二尖瓣钙化是否为冠心病的预测因子

目的 评估主动脉瓣钙化(AVC)及二尖瓣钙化(MAC)是否为冠心病(CAD)的预测因子.方法 研究纳入行冠状动脉CT血管造影(CCTA)患者263例,其中MAC组30例,AVC组82例,MAC+AVC组31例,对照组(None)120例,使用冠状动脉斑块、多支冠状动脉病变、冠状动脉严重狭窄、中重度钙化积分的发生率及冠状动脉病变平均节段数来评估冠状动脉病变累及范围及严重程度.运用Logistic回归分析对MAC、AVC、MAC+AVC与CAD的相关性进行探讨.结果 MAC组、AVC组及MAC+AVC组相对None组在冠状动脉病变累及范围及严重程度均更高,且差异均有统计学意义;对其他传统心血管因素矫正后,AVC组、MAC组及MAC+AVC组与CAD的发生存在独立相关.结论 AVC及MAC是CAD的独立预测因子,常常预示着冠状动脉病变累及范围更广、更严重.     

特殊情况的左房室瓣球囊扩张术疗效分析

目的　分析和总结伴有特殊情况的左房室瓣狭窄球囊扩张术(PBMV)的临床疗效和安全性。方法　收集我院自1986年12月至2 0 0 5年1月施行的2 30 0例风湿性心脏病左房室瓣狭窄(MS)病例,其中有特殊情况者6 2 1例。包括非单纯MS(合并左房室瓣关闭不全或主闭)者32 8例;非单纯的MS伴巨大左房者15例;巨大左房者10 6例;左房血栓者5 2例;巨大左房及左房血栓者4例;PBMV或左房室瓣闭式分离术后者79例;PBMV或左房室瓣闭式分离术后非单纯的MS者34例;妊娠大咯血者2例。采用Inoue球囊技术。结果　手术成功率98.5 % ,失败率0 .2 % ;发生严重并发症8例,并发症为1.3% ,其中急性左心衰2例,低心排1例,脑栓塞2例,心脏压塞3例。因急性左心衰、低心排、心脏压塞、脑栓塞造成的死亡各1例。结论　随着操作技巧的不断完善,许多伴有特殊情况的PBMV可安全、有效的接受手术。但术前一定要全面评价瓣膜、心功能、血栓情况     

超声心动图在二尖瓣置换术后远期心功能不全病因诊断中的应用

 目的探索超声心动图在二尖瓣置换(MVR)术后远期心功能不全病因诊断中的作用。方法超声随访44例MVR患者术后3个月～13.5a,并根据手术的远期效果,分为心功能不全组(A组)和康复组(B组)。除注意人工瓣和自然瓣的病变外,还分析了这2组手术前后左房、左室内径及左室射血分数(EF)的差异。结果超声显示A组二尖瓣位单组或伴主动脉瓣位双组人工瓣异常5例,其它自然瓣明显病变11例。术后A组的左室内径明显大于B组(P＜0.05),EF值明显小于B组(P＜0.01)。超声心动图提供的信息为36.4％心功能不全代偿期和66.7％失代偿期患者诊断出了导致心功能障碍的主要原因。结论MVR手术前后超声检查对术后远期心功能不全的诊断具有实用价值。     

Theoretical model for myocardial functional characterization: Application to a group of patients evaluated before and after surgical revascularization

Background  The functional improvements resulting from coronary revascularization (CABG) in patients with depressed ventricular function may be described by the use of a model combining global or local quantification of myocardial perfusion, viability, and contraction. An illustration of this model, with data provided by conventional radionuclide studies as they are performed routinely in many centers, is presented and the limitations of this approach for predicting the results of CABG are discussed. Methods and Results  The model is based on three independent variables, which can be approximated in this preliminary study by parameters derived from standard stress and redistribution/reinjection thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) acquisitions with quantification of the tracer uptake defects and from a planar gated blood pool left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) measurement: Perfusion is assumed to correspond to 100-stress defect (in percentage), viability is 100-redistribution/reinjection defect, and contraction is 100(LVEF/70), assuming that a normal 70% LVEF corresponds to 100% contraction. In a group of 30 patients prospectively evaluated with this protocol and included in the study on the basis of a pre-CABG LVEF <40%, a significant improvement in LVEF was demonstrated (28.2%±8.5% before CABG vs 35.8%±7.3% after CABG), which is accompanied by a significant decrease of the stress thallium defects (34.8%±13.8% vs 25.6%±10.6%), whereas the average (but not the individual) redistribution/reinjection defects remain almost stable (27.7%±10.9% vs 25.7%±10.1%). As reported in the three-dimensional model, pre-CABG and post-CABG representative points clearly demonstrate the functional improvements for the main variables, but there is a large spectrum of responses to revascularization. It appears that the border between reversible and nonreversible thallium defects does not match the limit between ischemic myocardium (with no contraction alteration and therefore without contraction improvement potential) and hibernating myocardium, which is able to recover mechanical function and therefore is responsible for the improvement of global LVEF. Conclusions  Thallium SPECT is far from ideal for use as an independent characterization of perfusion and viability because hibernating myocardium may be present in both the fixed and reversible parts of thallium defects. Prediction of functional recovery is conditioned by an accurate identification of viable but underperfused and noncontracting myocardium. In the future, with the use of adequate study protocols that are able to measure viability without interference of perfusion and perfusion independent of viability, the proposed model may be able to characterize regional function as a cluster of representative points for each territory and to delineate areas of the theoretical volume corresponding to a potentially recoverable situation.     

43例机器人二尖瓣置换术后单中心中长期随访结果

目的 总结机器人二尖瓣置换术(MVR)的手术经验及远期疗效.方法 选择2007年1月-2015年1月在解放军总医院心血管外科应用达芬奇机器人外科系统完成二尖瓣置换术的43例患者,年龄19~65(47±11)岁,NYHA心功能分级Ⅰ级6例、Ⅱ级30例、Ⅲ级7例,左室射血分数54%~78%(64.0%±7.1%),其中20例患者伴有心房纤颤、32例患者伴有风湿性二尖瓣狭窄.所有患者均在体外循环建立后利用达芬奇机器人系统切开左心房,进行机械或者生物二尖瓣置换,利用Cor-KnotTM打结装置的缝线夹子固定人工瓣膜.术前和术后均行经食管超声心动图检查(TEE),术后随访观察患者的手术效果及不良事件发生情况.结果 所有患者均顺利完成手术,无一例转为正中胸骨切开术,无死亡病例;手术时间292±62(140~450)min,体外循环时间124±26min,主动脉阻断时间88±21min;术后机械通气支持时间为15±5h,危重症监护室停留时间为4±1d,未发生心肌梗死、室性心动过速或者失血过多等并发症.所有患者均获随访,随访时间1个月~6年,中位时间3.5年,随访期间无死亡、中风、由假体性心内膜炎或者假体失效引起的二次手术等,但有17例(39.5%)患者术后仍有心房颤动症状.结论 机器人二尖瓣置换术安全有效并具有良好的长期效果.